Search

Protection against fire and the corrosion of metals is necessary to ensure human safety. Most of the fire and corrosion inhibitors do not meet the ecological requirements. Therefore, effective and ecological methods of protecting metals are currently a challenge for researchers. In this work, the influence of hexakis(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (HHPCP) on the characteristics of powder coatings was examined. The coatings' properties were investigated by measuring the roughness, hardness, adhesion to the steel surface, cupping, gloss, scratch resistance, and water contact angle. The thermal stability was studied by furnace test and TGA analysis. The corrosion resistance test was carried out in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The distribution of phosphazene-derived segments in the coating was examined by GD-EOS analysis. Modified coatings show better corrosion and thermal resistance and can be used for the protection of the steel surface. Their better corrosion resistance is due to the electroactive properties of the phosphazene ring and its higher concentration at the coating surface, confirmed by GD-EOS analysis. The increase in thermal resistance is due to the effect of the formation of phosphoric metaphosphoric and polyphosphoric acids during the decomposition of HHCPC, which remain in the condensed char phase and play a crucial role in surface protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nonterminal liquid crystalline epoxy resin has been synthesized, and its structure and nature have been determined via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Then, it was cured with the use of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-DDM). The curing process has been investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. Polymerization has been conducted with (1.2 T) and without the presence of a strong magnetic field. The properties of the obtained polymers have been described using DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and X-ray scattering studies (WAXS/SAXS). It has been proved that the magnetic field induces molecular ordering and increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) by over 20 °C. The obtained ordered polymers are thermally stable up to over 300 °C, undergo vitrification at slightly elevated temperature (37.5 °C), and their electrical conductivity rises significantly at the transition to an elastic state, which, among other possibilities, makes them a proper candidate for a smart, lightweight polymers with tuneable properties by a subtle temperature rise and possibility of tailoring its structure by a magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the colloidal and thermal stability of the three‐component hybrid materials containing halloysite, polysaccharides (alginic acid, cationic cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose) and Tritons. TX‐100, TX‐165 and TX‐405 were used as non‐ionic surfactants. Stability and other properties of the hybrid materials were tested by the following methods: UV–Vis, TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), CHN (elemental analysis), SEM‐EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) and tensiometry. According to the results with the increasing polymer concentration the colloidal stability of the tested systems also increases. Moreover, the addition of the surfactants causes the increase of polysaccharide adsorption but the colloidal stability of the tested systems decreases due to large weights of formed aggregates. As follows from the thermal analysis, the comparison of the TG/DTG‐DSC curves obtained for the investigated polymers confirms that their thermal decomposition courses have some common features. The obtained results have the application potential in the formation of the materials for the pollutants removal from water and sewages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alginate, a heteropolysaccharide extracted from brown algae Laminaria digitata, has non-toxic status and good physical and chemical properties, was used in this study for encapsulation of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Results indicated that adding A. platensis to alginate beads increased the level of mineral elements: magnesium by 55–60 mg/kg, iron by 38–40 mg/kg, and iodine by 88–107 μg/kg, as compared to respective control samples without microalgae addition. Adding A. platensis within alginate beads resulted in an increased antioxidative potential and consequent higher inhibition of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by 15–25% compared to the respective control alginate beads. Finally, the content of beta-carotene in alginate beads fortified with A. platensis biomass amounts on average to 51 μg/g. Due to their health-promoting potential, alginate beads enriched with A. platensis biomass can, therefore, be used as a functional ingredient in the nutraceutical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a biopolymer which is used to production of implants in the human body. On the other hand, the physical and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) are compared to the properties of isotactic polypropylene what makes poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) possible substitute for polypropylene. Unfortunately, the melting point of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is almost equal to its degradation temperature what gives very narrow window of its processing conditions. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to improve the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) properties. In the present work, hybrid nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as a matrix with the use of organic nanoclay - Cloisite 30B and linear polyurethane as a second filler have been manufactured. The linear polyurethane was based on diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate and diol with imidazoquinazoline rings. The obtained nanobiocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and their selected mechanical properties were tested. The resulting hybrid nanobiocomposites have intercalated/exfoliated structure. The nanobiocomposites characterize a higher thermal stability and a wider range of processing temperatures compared to the unfilled matrix. The plasticizing influence of nanofillers was also observed. In addition, the mechanical properties of the discussed nanobiocomposites were examined and compared with those ones of the unfilled poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The new-obtained nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) containing 1% Cloisite 30B and 5% by mass of the linear of polyurethane characterized the highest improvement of processing conditions. They have the biggest difference between the temperature of degradation and the onset melting temperature, about 100°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phytate content, bioavailability and myo-inositol phosphates profile were analysed in pseudocereals (i.e., white and coloured quinoa, buckwheat) subjected to thermal processing and solid-state fermentation withRhizopus oligosporus. Fair buckwheat groats were characterised by the highest level of phytate (18.3 µmol/g), with 54% share of InsP6fraction. Processing (cooking, roasting, tempe-type fermentation) resulted in the significant decrease in phytate content, its bioavailability and the share of higher phosphorylated forms of myo-inositol (InsP6-5) in the profile of all the samples. Fermentation of cereals resulted in generation of high amounts of inositol triphosphates, particularly in the case of buckwheat (32% share in the whole profile). The path of dephosphorylation, identified after fermentation of quinoa seeds including intermediate products – Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5and Ins(1,2,6)P3– confirmed that the dominant phytase activity could be attributed to the presence of microbial 3-phytases fromR. oligosporous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flaxseed oil cake was subjected to fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus (DSM 1964 and ATCC 64063), and the phytate (InsP6) content, myo-inositol phosphate profile and in vitro bioavailability of essential minerals were studied. Flaxseed oil cake had a phytate mass frac tion of 13.9 mg/g. A 96-hour fermentation of flaxseed oil cake by R. oligo sporus DSM 1964 and R. oligosporus ATCC 64063 decreased the InsP6 content by 48 and 33 %, respectively. The strains had different phytate-degrading activities: fermentation of flaxseed oil cake with R. oligosporus DSM 1964 was more advantageous, yielding InsP3-5 as a predominating myo-inositol compound, while fermentation with R. oligosporus ATCC 64603 produced predominantly InsP5-6. Solid-state fermentation of flaxseed o il cake enhanced in vitro bioavailability of calcium by 14, magnesium by 3.3 and phosphorus by 2-4 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of fermentation with R hizopus oligosporus, roasting and cooking on functional parameters and nutritional composition of unroasted buckwheat groats was studied. Tempe showed 57 and 124% higher activity against 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ( ABTS●+) than cooked unroasted and roasted groats, respectively. Efficient doses of mg material necessary to scavenge ● OH ( IC50) and exert reducing power ( RP0.5) were decreased in tempe (by 61% and about 30%, respectively, as compared with roasted groats). All the parameters were strongly correlated with the soluble phenol level. Tempe contained more thiamine (2.5-fold) and riboflavin (7.5-fold) than cooked buckwheat. It had 143 g/kg protein of the highest Cys + Met and Tyr + Phe levels. In vitro bioavailability of tempe protein (56%) was higher than cooked unroasted groats (41%) and similar to cooked roasted ones. Sensory analysis of buckwheat tempe was concluded with a good overall assessment. Tempe-type fermentation may be recommended as a favorable technique of unroasted buckwheat groats processing. Practical Applications Conventional cooking and/or roasting of buckwheat seeds influences the nutritional composition and partially diminishes the functional parameters of groats. Tempe-type product obtained from unroasted groats is a convenient food of improved parameters that may broaden the gluten-free product spectrum on the market. Fermented buckwheat groats are also a potential source of flour of advantageous antioxidant parameters for application as a food additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epoxyfunctional cyclotriphosphazene with silicon moieties and bulky aromatic substituents was employed for modification of polyurethane high-solid coatings. The structure of compounds was characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of cyclotriphosphazene on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of hybrid organic-inorganic poly(urethane-cyclophosphazene)s was studied. Some surface properties (gloss, water contact angle, chemical resistance) and performance properties (hardness, elasticity, impact resistance, adhesion and cupping) of the modified coatings were also investigated. The introduction of a cyclotriphosphazene resulted in an increase in glass transition temperature and thermal stability. With a 1 % addition of the modifier, a significant decrease in heat release rate (HRR) by 10 % is observed. A lower rate of heat release may be due to the formation of a protective layer over the bulk of the sample and prevention of further combustion, making the thermal degradation process slower. Furthermore, coatings show excellent elasticity (Φ 2 mm), impact resistance (50 cm), adhesion to steel (0), and cupping (>9.5 mm); however, their relative hardness is rather low (0.06–0.10). The gloss of poly(urethane-cyclophosphazene)s was relatively high (approx. 100 GU at 60°), but it decreased considerably for the sample with 20 % by weight of the modifier. The introduction of cyclotriphosphazene resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the coatings. • Cyclotriphosphazene was applied for modification of high-solid polyurethane coatings. • An increase in glass transition temperature and thermal stability was observed. • The flame retardancy of the modified coatings was improved. • Hydrophobicity and hardness depended on modifier content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which examined the parameters of coatings synthesized from poly(urethane-dimethylsiloxane) (PU-PDMS)anionomers. Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) methods confirmed the chemical structures of the anionomers. The researchers found that the free-surface energy (FSE) and its polar and dispersive components decrease with the increasingly polisiloxane content in the anionomer chain.

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The biological activity of apple pectin extracted conventionally or enzymatically using endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase, was tested in vitro. The analyses were performerd in tetraplicates and the statistical significance of the differences were assessed using ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and LSD (the least significant difference) tests. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the structural components that have a crucial importance for antioxidant and antitumor properties of pectins. The pectins extracted by enzymes contained up to four times more ferulic acid and showed twice as great ability to neutralize free radicals and Fe(III) reduction. The antiradical potential positively correlated with phenols, fucose and rhamnose content. In the assays performed on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma and B16F10 melanoma cell cultures, the "green" pectins, contrary to acid isolated ones, exhibited remarkable anti-neoplastic potential while being nontoxic to nontransformed L929 cell line. The pectins in the dose of 1 mg/mL were capable of inhibiting adhesion (max 23.1%), proliferation (max 40.4%), invasion (max 76.9%) and anchorage-independent growth (max 90%) of HT-29 cells (significance level p < 0.001). These pectin preparations were slightly less active towards B16F10 cells. The enzyme-isolated apple pectins may be useful as a functional food additive and an ingredient of the ointment formulas for post-surgical melanoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The myo-inositol phosphates profile was analysed in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and in green spelt (immature grains) subjected to thermal processing and solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. Raw mature grains were characterized by the highest level of phytate (13.09 g·kg-1), with 41% share of inositol hexakisphosphate. Solid-state fermentation resulted in a decrease in both total phytate content by 10% on average and the share of higher phosphorylated forms of myo-inositol in the profile. Fermentation generated high amounts of lower inositol phosphates, particularly in the case of immature spelt (72% share in the profile). Analysis of the dephosphorylation pattern indicates that the main enzymatic activity in this process could be attributed to 3-phytases from R. oligosporous. The fermentation of spelt did not enhance in vitro bioavailability of minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). The results presented in this paper provide information on the impact of the proposed bioprocessing method on the level and profile of inositol phosphates in spelt grains. The conclusions can be helpful in designing fermented food products on the basis of cereals and pseudo-cereals, as the content of phytate is one of the factors that may limit the nutritional value of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the synthesis of polyacrylate resins containing fluoroalkyl groups, which are used to prepare powder clear coatings. The resin synthesis was carried out using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (PhEA) as well as two acrylate monomers containing fluoroalkyl groups, i.e. 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA). The presence of fluorine in the resin was confirmed by 19F NMR spectroscopy, while at the coating surface by polarized optical microscopy equipped with a laser elemental analyzer. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to determine the average molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of the synthesized resins. Additionally, the viscosity measurement of the resins was performed using a Brookfield viscometer. The thermal behavior of the powder coatings was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, FT-IR spectra were performed to confirm the crosslinking reaction between hydroxyl groups of the resin and polyisocyanate curing agent. The properties of the cured coatings were tested, such as: roughness, gloss, adhesion to the steel surface, hardness, cupping, scratch resistance and water contact angle. The obtained coatings were characterized by good properties: gloss, adhesion to the steel surface, scratch resistance, and hydrophobicity. • New acrylic resins containing fluoroalkyl groups for powder coatings were developed. • The influence of acrylic resin structure on coating properties was described. • The crosslinking process and thermal behavior of cured coatings were investigated. • The coatings were characterized by high scratch resistance and hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]