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In this study, it has been aimed to determine the knowledge level of the students of Van Yuzuncu Yıl University Health Services Vocational School, who will serve as the health personnel of the future, about parasitic diseases, prevention and control measures from these diseases. A total of 587 students, comprising 418 (71.2%) females and 169 (28.8%) males, studying at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Health Services Vocational School, were included in the study. The questions in the questionnaire were arranged in three groups, as those about parasitic diseases, transmission routes of these diseases, and prevention and treatment. Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated within the scope of the reliability analysis of the questionnaire questions. The Cronbach alpha values for the domains of Knowledge Level About Parasitic Diseases, Knowledge Level About the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases, and Knowledge Level About the Prevention and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases were determined as 0.647 (64.7%), 0.707 (70.7%), and 0.566 (56.6%), respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the departments included in the study in terms of the level of knowledge about parasitic diseases (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the departments in the evaluation made between the level of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases and the personal characteristics of the students (P < 0.05). As the result, it was observed that the students participating in the study did not have sufficient knowledge about parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the fight against COVID-19, each country has determined different strategies to combat the epidemic, considering factors such as facilities, health infrastructure systems, and social characteristics. Within the scope of the epidemic management strategy implemented in our country, quarantine was initiated after the field teams reached the COVID-19 cases and their contacts and made the necessary evaluations. Our study aimed to compare the effects of age, gender, contact environment, symptoms, and degree of closeness variables on the transformation into positive COVID-19 cases. Methods: During the 9-month study period between March 20 and December 20, 2020, people who were in contact with COVID-19 cases and whose contact follow-up was initiated by field teams in Gaziemir District of İzmir province were examined. Those who became positive while in isolation were determined among these quarantine contacts. Permission was obtained from the Scientific Research Platform of the Ministry of Health. The ethics committee approval was then obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences (HSU) Tepecik Education and Research Hospital with the decision number 2021/01-08, dated 25.01.2021. Results: A total of 14,668 contacts were included in the study. Of these, 2,841 (19.4%) became positive cases during follow-up. Among the contact individuals, 1,544 (20.2%) women and 1,297 (18.5%) men turned into positive cases. Separately for each symptom, contact symptoms significantly affect the conversion to being positive. Individuals who had contact with a positive case in compulsory common areas such as workplaces, schools, barracks, dormitories, prisons, and nursing homes turned into positive cases at a rate of 2.63 times more than individuals who came into contact with them in other settings. Age has a significant effect on the incidence of contacts. It was determined that as the age of the contacts increased, they turned into positive cases at higher rates. Conclusion: We have concluded that the age, gender, contact environment, and proximity to the 60 COVID-19 positive cases affect these individuals in becoming positive cases. Therefore, identifying these features will help us understand the transmission characteristics and spread dynamics of the COVID-19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions of legal jurisdiction found in the records for 1479 to 1495 of the Secret Seal section of the Royal Chancellery of Aragón, now in the Archivo de la Corona de Aragón at Barcelona, and concerning the case of an imprisoned printer bring to light the printing of an edition of fake bulls in the Principality of Catalonia in 1493 or 1494. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to uncover aspects of social life of pharmaceutical pills and based on the theoreticalmethodological perspective of the drugs biography, this paper analyzes the instructions of their leaflets, published in the Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Specialties (DEF), between 1971 and 1990. It seeks to explore the speeches conveyed in papers that accompanied the packaging of the "medicine pill" - to whom they were headed, what they proposed and what social effects they intended - and to understand their participation in the set of associations that allowed the stabilization of oral contraceptives in Brazil. Leaving the pharmaceutical laboratories, the patient information leaflet transited among physicians, nurses, pharmacists, owners and shopkeepers of pharmacies and women, passing from hand to hand, in offices, health services family planning entities, pharmacy counters, medical departments of companies, households and women's bag. They were the important intercommunication vehicles between these actors and in the big chain of associations produced by contraceptive pills, the patient information leaflets contributed to a minimum common denominator that allowed to return a normal and natural control practices of hormone-mediated fecundity and the formation of the fertility control pill market, where goods were giving movement to add economic, symbolic and normative values at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium which colonizes the human gastric mucosa and known to affect half of the world's population. H. pylori is defined as the aetiological agent of peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. However, the natural host and reservoir have not been clearly identified. The ability of adaptation and biofilm formation, which play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium, constituted the basis of studies about water contamination. In relation with this, bacterial DNA was detected in drinking water, surface water, groundwater and wastewater in many studies. It has been suggested that the transmission of bacterium occurs via fecal-oral, oraloral and gastro-oral routes, additionally contaminated foods and water may be source of infection. In the present preliminary study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of H. pylori DNA in drinking water samples. Methods: Thirty five different trademarked drinking water samples (each one 500 mL) were collected from March-June 2019 in all around Istanbul. It was observed that water samples have a slightly alkaline pH ranging from 6.6 to 8.45. All water samples were filtrated using 0.22 µM filter membranes which were incubated on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth for half hour at room temperature and filter included broths were centrifuged. Then bacterial DNA was extracted. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of the ureC (glmM) gene. The PCR products were visualised in %1.5 agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: In this study H. pylori DNA was not detected in any of the water samples tested. Conclusion: This preliminary study results have suggested that, drinking waters do not have a role in transmission of H. pylori in this geographical area. However, it is important to carry out more extensive studies since the number of samples examined in this study was limited and only bottles sold in 500 mLpackaging are included. Therefore it may be concluded that different water sources such as 19L flagon bottled drinking waters, tap waters and water samples from various tanks may be useful for clarifying the role of water for transmission route of this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. are the most common gram negative pathogens seen in the etiology of hospital acquired infection outbreaks. Inadequate hygiene and contaminated liquid hand soaps have important roles in the spread of bacteria. In this study, we identified the source and causes of nosocomial infection outbreak in a tertiary hospital. Methods: CCulture samples were randomly obtained from soap dispensers filled with anionic liquid hand soap without antiseptic during the outbreak and from dispensers containing disposable liquid hand soap with antiseptic within the 5 years after the outbreak. The samples were cultivated in eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar mediums. In the identification of obtained samples, VITEK® 2 Compact automated system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) was used. Results: Among culture samples obtained from 18 patients with coronary by-pass during nosocomial outbreak in our hospital in 2011, P. aeruginosa (n=17) and Klebsiella spp. (n=8) were isoled. In culture samples of type A liquid hand soap group (anionic, antiseptic-free), P. aeruginosa (n=58) and Klebsiella spp. (n=15) were isolatedduring nosocomial infection outbreak and in the early periods after disinfection. No further nosocomial outbreak infections were detected during the next 5-year period after use of Soap type B (antiseptic foam soap) and Soap type C (disposable antiseptic liquid soap). A few number of pathogens including P. aeruginosa (n=1) and Klebsiella spp. (n=2) were isolated in culture samples obtained from Soap type B dispensers. No bacteria were isolated in samples obtained from Soap type C dispensers. Conclusion: The use of disposable liquid hand soap with antiseptic prohibits contamination and consequently, prevents nosocomial infection outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Information on medical prescription, such as the one included in package leaflets of medicines (PLs) should benefit from Information Technology (IT) management resources. Objectives: to identify and evaluate studies describing prescription information, and software capable of analyzing, processing, extracting, or simplifying the information included in PLs. Methods: PRISMA checklist was applied, using as keywords: ("package inserts" or "package leaflets" or "summary of product characteristics" or "bulas" or "folhetos" or "prescription information") and "software"; bulas / folhetos are the Portuguese designations of PLs. Keywords were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library , and SciELO without time restrictions in June 2018. A complementary search was carried out in Google Scholar (2016-2018). Results: 219 studies were identified and 12 met the inclusion criteria. From the 12 selected studies, 3 studies were related to software applications that evaluate text features and the remaining 9 studies were related to other topics, such as extraction and collection of information. Conclusion: software that extract and analyze information of PLs, or that evaluate and simplify PLs is limited and specific to certain languages. The development of new IT tools in this field may be relevant, especially for local cultures and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ler Historia is the property of Ler Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Occult Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined as the long-lasting persistence of HBV genomes in the hepatocytes of individuals testing negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by currently available assays and usually for serum HBV DNA. OBI is considered as the possible phase in the natural history of chronic HBV infection that the host’s immune surveillance and epigenetic mechanisms are likely involved. Clinical impact of OB is that it can be transmitted (i.e., through blood transfusion, by liver organ transplantation, hemodialysis and parturition) causing classic forms of hepatitis B in newly infected individuals. The development of an immunosuppressive status may induce OBI reactivation and development of acute and often severe hepatitis. OBI can favor the progression of liver fibrosis. Also OBİ infection has been hypothesized to be a significant risk factor contributing to the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) with increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which may lead to an increased progression of liver diseases. Although OBI is considered a phase in the natural history of HBV, the molecular mechanisms leading to its occurrence and its contribution to HCC development are yet poorly understood. In this review, it is aimed to examine clinical importance, epidemiological aspects and laboratory diagnosis of OBI in recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order for a phytotherapeutic drug be approved and sold in Brazil, it must be registered with the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), where the quality, safety and efficacy of the product are carefully appraised. In addition, the drug must also meet a number of criteria one of which is the adequacy of the package inserts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to appraise the package inserts of all phytotherapeutic drugs produced using a standardized extract of Pelargonium sidoides, which were registered and available from Brazilian pharmacies. This checking was to ascertain whether these inserts fulfilled the requirements stipulated by RDC 140/03. The information required under RDC 140/03 was appraised through a previously devised standard form. Evaluation of the package inserts revealed that neither of the two brands fully met the requirements of the legislation. Manufacturer 'A' met only 37.0% of the requirements satisfactorily, while 16.0% of the information was considered unsatisfactory and 47.0% of the information was absent. Regarding manufacturer 'B', 64.2% of the analyzed requirements were considered satisfactory, while 16.0% were considered unsatisfactory and 19.8% of the information was absent. A package insert should contain information about medicine for consumers, pharmacists and doctors. However, the results obtained in this study showed that the information presented in the package insert of both medicines was unsatisfactory, and in many cases, violates the legislation.Para que um medicamento fitoterápico seja comercializado no Brasil, este deve ser registrado junto à ANVISA, onde são avaliados todos os aspectos referentes à qualidade, segurança e eficácia do produto, além de verificar se estes atendem alguns requisitos, sendo um deles a adequação da bula. Por esta razão, neste estudo foram avaliadas as bulas de todos os fitoterápicos elaborados à base do extrato padronizado de Pelargonium sidoides, registrados e disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, com o intuito de verificar se estas atendem aos requisitos exigidos pela RDC 140/03. No presente trabalho, as informações exigidas pela RDC 140/03 foram avaliadas através de um formulário padrão previamente elaborado. Após avaliação das bulas pode ser verificado que nenhuma das duas marcas atendia por completo as exigências da legislação, sendo que o fabricante "A" atendeu apenas 37,0% dos requisitos exigidos de forma satisfatória, enquanto 16,0% das informações foram consideradas insatisfatórias e em 47,0% as informações estavam ausentes. Com relação ao fabricante "B", 64,2% dos itens analisados foram considerados satisfatórios, enquanto 16,0% foram considerados insatisfatório e em 19,8% as informações estavam ausentes. A bula deveria conter informações sobre o medicamento para consumidores, farmacêuticos e médicos, no entanto, os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostram que as informações apresentadas nas bulas foram insatisfatórias, e em muitos casos, violavam a legislação vigente.

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief monographic study that shows the intrinsic relationship that existed between ecclesiastical patronage and justice during the Venezuelan colonial period. The study was based on a qualitative approach, under the analysis of primary bibliographic sources on the subject and texts considered fundamental. The beginning is a historical tour of the patronage as the genesis of the intervention of justice in ecclesiastical affairs. Then follows the analysis of the bulls that authorized the patronage and the subsequent application of justice. Finally, the inquire about the patronage as a strategy taken by the Kings of Spain to justify their total interference in ecclesiastical jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giriş: Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) kenelerle bulaşan, ateş ve kanama ile karakterize zoonotik bir hastalıktır. KKKA; keneler, enfekte insan ya da hayvanların kan veya diğer vücut sıvıları ile doğrudan temas, nozokomiyal olarak veya konjenital yolla bulaşabilir. KKKA en sık kene teması ile bulaşmaktadır. Bulaş ayrıca kan veya hayvanların diğer vücut sıvıları ile doğrudan temas yoluyla da gerçekleşebilir. KKKA’lı hastaların yakın temaslılarına toplum temelli bulaşma riski düşüktür. Bu olguda KKKA’lı birey ile temas neticesinde gelişen KKKA olgusu anlatılmaktadır. Olgu: Bilinen hastalığı olmayan 30 yaşında kadın hasta bir gece önce başlayan ateş, üşüme titreme ve miyalji şikayetleri ile acil servise başvurdu. Hastanın KKKA PCR pozitifliği ile tanı alan, yine hastanemizde takip edilen babasının kanı ile sekiz gün önce çıplak elle temas öyküsü mevcuttu. Ellerinde açık yaranın bulunmadığını tariflemekteydi. Acil serviste ateşi 38,5 °C ölçüldü. Fizik muayenesinde yüksek ateş dışında patolojik bulgu saptanmadı. Başvuru esnasında laboratuvar değerleri beyaz küre: 2150 μL PLT: 174x10³/μL APTT: 36,4 sn AST/ALT: 21/16 U/l olarak ölçüldü. Hasta KKKA ön tanısı ile servise kabul edildi. Hastadan serum örneği alınarak KKKA PCR testi çalışılmak üzere gönderildi. Takiplerinde yüksek ateş değerleri ilk iki gün devam etti. Ertesi gün şikayetlerine karın ağrısı ve bulantı eklendi. Klinik izleminin üçüncü gününde aktif vajinal kanama başladı. Kanama sırasında biyokimya testleri PLT: 111x10³/μL APTT: 37,7 sn AST/ALT: 101/48 U/l olarak görüldü. Kanama giderek azalmakla birlikte yatışının sekizinci gününe kadar devam etti. Altıncı gününde çıkarılan damar yolu trasesinde tromboflebit gelişti. Günlük olarak bakılan platelet değerleri yatışının altıncı gününde en düşük 67x10³/μL olarak ölçüldü ve sonraki günlerde artarak klinik izleminin sekizinde gününde 172x10³/μL’e ulaştı. Aktif kanaması kesilen, yakınmaları gerileyen ve laboratuvar değerleri normalde dönen hasta klinik izleminin sekizinci gününde taburcu edildi. 14/07/2020 tarihinde alınan serum örneğinde bakılan KKKA PCR pozitif olarak rapor edildi. Sonuç: KKKA en sık keneler aracılığı ile bulaşmakta olup yakın temaslılara bulaş nadir görülmektedir. Olgumuzda enfekte hastanın kanı ile teması bulunan aile bireyinin kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanmadığı, vücut bütünlüğü korunmuş olmasına rağmen KKKA hastasının kanıyla direkt temas sonucu bulaşın gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Ev içi bulaş ile ilgili literatürde kısıtlı veri bulunmakta olup olgumuzun literatüre katkı sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: There are studies that conclude that Helicobacter pylori is transmitted through fecal-oral and oral-oral routes. In this study, we aimed to determine the source and mode of transmission of H. pylori in H. pylori infected patients by comparing H. pylori species isolated both from drinking water samples and gastric mucosa samples obtained by endoscopy from people who had dyspeptic symptoms and had been using these sampled water supplies as drinking water by biochemical and genotypic analysis. Material and Method: Twelve drinking water samples from different points and 37 gastric mucosa samples obtained by endoscopy from patients were collected. 109 bp length DNA segments from 16S rRNA location ofH. pylori genome were amplified by nested PCR method from all water and human samples and the amplified genome were sequenced obtained from 7 of 12 water samples and 27 of 37 biopsy samples. The sequences were compared with the data from N1H by BLAST search program. Alignment has been performed by MEGA 4 alignment program between water and patient samples. Results: All the DNA sequences were detected to be related to the H. pylori genome with 92 to 98% similarity. With alignment, 85% to 100% matching were detected between patient and water supply samples of which all were already confirmed as H. pylori genome (92 to 98% similarity). Conclusion: These results suggest that contaminated and insufficiently disinfected drinking water supplies might be a reservoir for H. pylori which is a readily source for transmission to human in our region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with an incidence of 1 in 10 000 births. This syndrome is based on clinical findings, pathogenesis is related to abnormal biosynthesis of fibrin. There are no research studies that offer a therapeutic strategy correct management of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with Marfan syndrome. Case report: Male, 14 years old. Were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. Go to the Thoracic Surgery Service where toracospia undergoes bull by resection and closure of bronchial fistula left with satisfactory postoperative outcome, graduates at 7 days. Readmitted with right pneumothorax which affects 70% of the hemithorax, is managed initially with chest tube placement is performed the next day thoracoscopy with resection of the right pulmonary bulla, torpid with the presence of hemothorax, responds to hemodynamic management without requiring surgical intervention is graduated with no complications. Discussion: There are few cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with Marfan syndrome have been reported in medical literature and optimal treatment is not yet known. Some suggest early surgical resection of the Bull and others are more conservative under the morbidity of open surgery. It has been observed in patients with Marfan syndrome presenting spontaneous neumatórax have a high risk of recurrence that makes recommended surgical resection of the Bulls early. Today thoracoscopic surgery is recommended resection of the bullae and pleurodesis because it is considered a safe and effective procedure for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in children without the morbidity of open surgery and should therefore be the treatment of choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fr. Domingo de Soto, O.P. representa una de las lumbreras culturales del periodo imperial de Carlos V, que por lo que se refiere a América, significa la prodigiosa expansión territorial y misionera, junto con el anhelo de hallar cauces y legitimidades jurídicas al desbordamiento de las conquistas, y un efectivo asentamiento de la Iglesia Católica en aquellos nuevos países. Su discípulo en algunos aspectos de su formación jurídico-teológica, el P. José de Acosta, S.J., se identifica a su vez con el periodo de Felipe II y al mismo tiempo que actor destacado de importantes vicisitudes religiosas en las Indias Occidentales, España y Roma. Se estudia, en esta línea, el influjo del primero sobre el segundo.