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The article presents information on evaluation of patch test reactions by evaporimetry and colorimetry. For calorimetry as well as for evaporimetry, extreme individual variability in the cutaneous response, was found. This does not allow the use in clinical practice of either method when only 1 measurement is performed at a particular time, for example at 2 or at 3 days. Only double measurement, for example after 2 and 3 days, following the time course of individual values, can give further information about specific reactions. With this proviso, these results justify the utilization of such methods in diagnostic patch tests and, above all, in the evaluation, in experimental contact dermatitis, of reactions provoked by new haptens, concentrations and vehicles.

The quantity of water lost by passive diffusion through the stratum corneum can be determined with an evaporimeter. A change in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) has been encountered in various types or skin damage, including the subclinical. Some authors have claimed that a high basal TEWL value can predict the risk of developing irritant contact dermatitis. Healthy subjects, free from past or present skin disease, voluntary and informed numbered 40. The eczematous subjects numbered 51, 12 of whom had irritant contact dermatitis, occupational in 1 case and non-occupational in 11 cases.

A 30-year-old housewife, with no personal history of atopy, had a grandmother who had died from an anaphylactic reaction to the ingestion of vegetables. Intradermal testing gave positive results to allergen extracts of certain vegetables: chick-pea, pea, soya bean and peanut. She reported two episode of acute urticaria with angioedema after the ingestion, respectively, of cooked chick peas and of a slice of chick-pea cake. Raw, soaked and chick-peas were used in order to carry out Skin Applied Food Test.

This article presents an investigation of allergic contact dermatitis in caterers. A report of investigation in 72 caterers during 1987-1991 has been presented. All caterers were patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series plus additional occupational allergens. 14 out of 72 caterers showed the symptoms of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Positive tests were shown by 6 cooks which were sensitized to balsam of Peru. Research showed that cooks, pastry cooks and kitchen attendants are the catering occupations that have the highest risk of contact dermatitis.

A 49-year-old female pastry cook, with a history of vernal rhinoconjunctivitis, reported recurrent episodes of dermatitis on the face when she cooked sweet pastries. She reported intense itching. She didn't use makeup on her face, with the occasional exception of lipstick and had not used any treatment for the dermatitis. Patch tests showed her sensitive to balsam of peru. Additional patch tests showed allergy to butylated hydroxyanisole. With just a few days off work, the patient showed complete clinical recovery without any treatment. On return to work, she was assigned to baking and during that time she felt itching on the face followed by erythema and edema.

Background: The optimal duration of oral anticoagulation in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism is uncertain. Testing of D-dimer levels may play a role in the assessment of the need for prolonged anticoagulation. Methods: We performed D-dimer testing 1 month after the discontinuation of anticoagulation in patients with a first unprovoked proximal deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism who had received a vitamin K antagonist for at least 3 months. Patients with a normal D-dimer level did not resume anticoagulation, whereas those with an abnormal D-dimer level were randomly assigned either to resume or to discontinue treatment. The study outcome was the composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding during an average follow-up of 1.4 years. Results: The D-dimer assay was abnormal in 223 of 608 patients (36.7%). A total of 18 events occurred among the 120 patients who stopped anticoagulation (15.0%), as compared with 3 events among the 103 patients who resumed anticoagulation (2.9%), for an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 14.6; P=0.02). Thromboembolism recurred in 24 of 385 patients with a normal D-dimer level (6.2%). Among patients who stopped anticoagulation, the adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent thromboembolism among those with an abnormal D-dimer level, as compared with those with a normal D-dimer level, was 2.27 (95% CI, 1.15 to 4.46; P=0.02). Conclusions: Patients with an abnormal D-dimer level 1 month after the discontinuation of anticoagulation have a significant incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism, which is reduced by the resumption of anticoagulation. The optimal course of anticoagulation in patients with a normal D-dimer level has not been clearly established. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00264277 [ClinicalTrials.gov].). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Fast-track care have been proved to reduce the short-term risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA). We aimed to investigate stroke risk and to characterize short- and long-term stroke predictors in a large cohort of TIA patients undergoing fast-track management., Methods: Prospective study, enrolling consecutive TIA patients admitted to a Northern Italy emergency department from August 2010 to December 2017. All patients underwent fast-track care within 24 h of admission. The primary outcome was defined as the first stroke recurrence at 90 days, 12 and 60 months after TIA. Stroke incidence with 95% confidence interval (CI) at each timepoint was calculated using Poisson regression. Predictors of stroke recurrence were evaluated with Cox regression analysis. The number needed to treat (NNT) of fast-track care in preventing 90-day stroke recurrence in respect to the estimates based on baseline ABCD 2 score was also calculated., Results: We enrolled 1,035 patients (54.2% males). Stroke incidence was low throughout the follow-up with rates of 2.2% [95% CI 1.4-3.3%] at 90 days, 2.9% [95% CI 1.9-4.2%] at 12 months and 7.1% [95% CI 5.4-9.0%] at 60 months. Multiple TIA, speech disturbances and presence of ischemic lesion at neuroimaging predicted stroke recurrence at each timepoint. Male sex and increasing age predicted 90-day and 60-month stroke risk, respectively. Hypertension was associated with higher 12-month and 60-month stroke risk. No specific TIA etiology predicted higher stroke risk throughout the follow-up. The NNT for fast-track care in preventing 90-day stroke was 14.5 [95% CI 11.3-20.4] in the overall cohort and 6.8 [95% CI 4.6-13.5] in patients with baseline ABCD 2 of 6 to 7., Conclusion: Our findings support the effectiveness of fast-track care in preventing both short- and long-term stroke recurrence after TIA. Particular effort should be made to identify and monitor patients with baseline predictors of higher stroke risk, which may vary according to follow-up duration., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Barone, Foschi, Pavolucci, Rondelli, Rinaldi, Nicodemo, D’Angelo, Favaretto, Brusi, Cosmi, Degli Esposti, D’Addato, Bacchelli, Giostra, Pomata, Spinardi, Faccioli, Faggioli, Donti, Borghi, Cortelli and Guarino.)

Following our survey, we can appreciate that a variety of laser platforms exist to rejuvenate the skin by resurfacing the outer layer of the skin as well as heating the lower layers of the dermis. Based on reliable clinical effectiveness and a limited side effect profile, we can confirm that nonablative fractionated technologies greatly improve the appearance of lentigines, rhytids; eliminate sun damage, attenuate scarring due to acne and other causes; and treat hyperpigmentation. The Fraxel (Solta Medical) laser system delivers pulses across a wide range of density and energy levels. We determined that when increasing the pulse energy this led to an increase in thermolysis microzone depth and width without damaging the surrounding tissue. Due to its performance and various clinical applications, Fraxel laser can be optimally considered to be the gold standard for skin rejuvenation., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The natural history of calf deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is still uncertain and it is debated whether it warrants to be diagnosed and treated. We aimed to investigate the complication rate of untreated isolated calf DVT (ICDVT). Symptomatic outpatients were prospectively managed with serial compression ultrasonography (SCUS). Those without proximal DVT and with likely pre-test clinical probability (PCP) or altered D-dimer received immediate subsequent complete examination of calf deep veins (CCUS) by a different operator. The result of CCUS was kept blind both to the managing doctor and the patient and disclosed after three months. Primary outcome was the rate of venous thromboembolism at three months. We examined 431 subjects (196 males; median age 68.0 years) in whom five outcomes were recorded (1.2%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.4-2.7). If CCUS results had been available, outcomes would have been recorded in 3/424 patients (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.2-2.1) with two events in subjects negative at both serial and complete CUS. ICDVT was diagnosed in 65 subjects (15.3%; 95% CI: 12-19); of whom 59 remained uneventful (one was lost to follow-up). A significant higher rate of outcomes was recorded in subjects with than without ICDVT (5/64; 7.8%; 95% CI: 3-17 vs. 3/351; 0.8%; 95% CI: 0-2; p=0.003). However, after excluding two events picked at serial CUS in subjects with ICDVT, the difference became barely significant (3/64; 4.7%; 95% CI: 1-13; p=0.049). Thrombotic evolution of untreated ICDVT in high-risk subjects may be relevant. Larger studies are needed to address this issue.

Background/aims: The aim is to evaluate, using evaporimetry, the possibility of getting further information supporting clinical reading of allergic, irritant reactions and doubtful patch test reactions., Methods: The investigation was carried out on 204 patients (182 female and 22 male, mean age 31.6 years), patch tested routinely as suspects of allergic contact dermatitis. We evaluated 326 reactions (203 allergic, 123 irritant or doubtful)., Results: Mean values pf TEWL were: for the positive allergic reactions, 7.21 (SD, 2.26) at 48 h, 15.77 (SD, 5.50) at 72 h; and for the irritant or doubtful reactions, 7.55 (SD, 1.72) at 48 h, and 5.77 (SD, 1.41) at 72 h. TEWL in the 2 reactions groups at 72 h was significantly different (p<0.01)., Conclusions: The study shows (i) concordance between the evaporimeter values and the visual score; (ii) at 72 h, the evaporimeter values are increased in the allergic reactions but not in irritant or doubtful reactions; (iii) evaporimetry in the differential diagnoses of patch test reactions was deemed useful.