116 results on '"Braselton, W. E."'
Search Results
2. Contaminant concentrations in Illinois mink and otter
- Author
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Halbrook, Richard S., Woolf, A., Hubert, Jr, G. F., Ross, S., and Braselton, W. E.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Influences on copper bioaccumulation, growth, and survival of the midge, Chironomus tentans, in metal-contaminated sediments
- Author
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Besser, J. M., Kubitz, J. A., Ingersoll, C. G., Braselton, W. E., and Giesy, J. P.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Common loons (Gavia immer) nesting on low ph lakes in northern Wisconsin have elevated blood mercury content
- Author
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Meyer, M. W., Evers, D. C., Daulton, T., and Braselton, W. E.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The efficacy of mineral oil combined with feed restriction in enhancing the elimination of heptachlor epoxide from mink (Mustela vison)
- Author
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Crum, J. A., Aulerich, R. J., Polin, D., Braselton, W. E., and Bursian, S. J.
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- 1994
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6. The reproductive effects of dietary heptachlor in mink (Mustela vison)
- Author
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Crum, J. A., Bursian, S. J., Aulerich, R. J., Polin, D., and Braselton, W. E.
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- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and activated charcoal in reducing the toxicity of dietary aflatoxin to mink
- Author
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Bonna, R. J., Aulerich, R. J., Bursian, S. J., Poppenga, R. H., Braselton, W. E., and Watson, G. L.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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8. Rapid Assay of Hypothalamic Aromatase Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
- Author
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Wilke, D. L. and Braselton, W. E.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
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9. Rapid Separation of Testosterone and its Microsomal Metabolites by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
- Author
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Newton, J. F., Braselton, W. E., Lepper, L. F., Mccormack, K. M., and Hook, J. B.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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10. Mutagenicity and effect on gap - junctional intercellular communication of 4, 4′-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) and its oxidized metabolites.
- Author
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Kuslikis, B. I., Trosko, J. E., and Braselton, W. E.
- Published
- 1991
11. Measurement of antidiabetic sulfonylureas in serum by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
- Author
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Braselton Jr., W. Emmett, Bransome Jr., Edwin D., Huff, Thomas A., Braselton, W E Jr, Bransome, E D Jr, and Huff, T A
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- 1977
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12. Elimination of PBBs in rats. Effect of mineral oil and/or feed restriction
- Author
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Braselton, W. E., Polin, D., Bursian, S. J., Biondo, N., Render, J. A. Biondo, I. Su, W. E. Braselton,and J. A. Render, Su, I., Underwood, M. S., and Wiggers, P. A.
- Subjects
- *
ELIMINATION (Mathematics) , *RATS - Published
- 1991
13. The efficacy of mineral oil combined with feed restriction in enhancing the elimination of heptachlor epoxide from mink (Mustela vison)
- Author
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Braselton, W. E., Crum, J. A., Aulerich, R. J., Bursian, S. J., and Polin, D.
- Published
- 1994
14. The reproductive effects of dietary heptachlor in mink (Mustela vison)
- Author
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Polin, D., Crum, J. A., Braselton, W. E. E. Braselton, Aulerich, R. J., and Bursian, S. J.
- Subjects
REPRODUCTION - Published
- 1993
15. Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and activated charcoal in reducing the toxicity of dietary aflatoxin to mink
- Author
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Poppenga, R. H., Braselton, W. E., Bursian, S. J., Aulerich, R. J., Bonna, R. J., and Watson, G. L.
- Subjects
ACTIVATED carbon - Published
- 1991
16. Geographic trend in mercury measured in common loon feathers and blood
- Author
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Major, A., Burgess, N., Braselton, W. E., Reaman, P. S., Meyer, M. W., Scheuhammer, A. M., Kaplan, J. D., and Evers, D. C.
- Subjects
BIOACCUMULATION ,BIRDS ,MERCURY ,TOXICOLOGY - Abstract
The common loon (Gavia immer) is a high-trophic-level, long-lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (n = 455) andblood (n = 381) samples from adult loons were collected between Juneand September in five regions of North America: Alaska, northwesternUnited States, Upper Great Lakes, New England, and the Canadian Maritimes. Concentrations of Mg in adults ranged from 2.8 to 36.7 mu g/g (fresh weight) in feathers and from 0.12 to 7.80 mu g/g (wet weight) in whole blood. Blood Hg concentrations in 3 to 6-week-old juveniles ranged from 0.03 to 0.78 mu g/g (wet weight) (n = 183). To better interpret exposure data, relationships between blood and feather Hg concentrations were examined among age and sex classes. Blood and featherHg concentrations from the same individuals were significantly correlated and varied geographically (r
2 ranged from 0.03 to 0.48). Blood and feather Hg correlated strongest in areas with the highest blood Hg levels, indicating a possible carryover of breeding season Hg that is depurated during winter remigial molt. Mean blood and feather Hg concentrations in males were significantly higher than concentrations in females for each region. The mean blood Hg concentration in adults was 10 times higher than that in juveniles, and feather Hg concentrations significantly increased over 1 to 4-year periods in recaptured individuals. Geographic stratification indicates a significant increasing regional trend in adult and juvenile blood Hg concentrations from west to east. This gradient resembles U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency-modeled predictions of total anthropogenic Hg deposition across the United States. This gradient is clearest across regions. Within-region blood Hg concentrations in adults and juveniles across nine sites of one region, the Upper Great Lakes, were less influenced by variations in geographic Hg deposition than by hydrology and lak [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1998
17. Common loons (Gavia immer) nesting on low pH lakes in northern Wisconsin have elevated blood mercury content
- Author
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Evers, D. C., Daulton, T., Braselton, W. E., and Meyer, M. W.
- Subjects
COMMON loon ,POLLUTION measurement - Published
- 1995
18. MERCURY EXPOSURE IN MICHIGAN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY.
- Author
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FISCHER, L J, BRASELTON, W E, and KAMRIN, M A
- Published
- 1996
19. Influences on copper bioaccumulation, growth, and survival of the midge, Chronomus tentans, in metal-contaminated sediments
- Author
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Braselton, W. E., Besser, J. M., Giesy, J. P., Ingersoll, C. G., and Kubitz, J. A.
- Published
- 1995
20. Chlorpropamide metabolite levels in serum.
- Author
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Braselton, W. Emmett, Bransome Jr., Edwin D., Huff, Thomas A., Braselton, W E, Bransome, E D Jr, and Huff, T A
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- 1982
- Full Text
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21. A case of anaemia in a neonatal warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and evaluation of serum-soluble iron in warthogs.
- Author
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Kenny DE, Braselton WE, Taylor RA, Morgan T, and Hesky RB
- Subjects
- Anemia blood, Anemia diagnosis, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune blood, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune diagnosis, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune veterinary, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency blood, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency diagnosis, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency veterinary, Animals, Female, Hematocrit veterinary, Iron, Dietary administration & dosage, Iron, Dietary therapeutic use, Male, Swine, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Anemia veterinary, Iron blood, Swine Diseases blood
- Abstract
A 38-day-old male warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) with marked anaemia (haematocrit = 14 %) presented to the Denver Zoological Gardens hospital with ataxia, tachypnoea, suspected stunted growth and cardiomegaly. The piglet demonstrated some features consistent with both iron deficiency anaemia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Serum-soluble iron was below the level of detection (< 8.96 micromol/l). Iron deficiency anaemia is a well recognised entity in domestic swine reared on concrete and denied access to soil. Fifteen captive warthogs were subsequently evaluated for serum soluble iron content (mean = 21.62 +/- 4.36 micromol/l as well as 5 neonatal warthog piglets that required hand-rearing. Only 1 of 5 neonatal warthog piglets had measurable serum soluble iron (9.50 micromol/l). These data suggest that warthogs are similar to domestic swine and are born with low iron stores. Some form of iron supplementation should be considered for captive neonatal warthog piglets, especially if they are reared on concrete.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A retrospective study on the disappearance of blood lead in cattle with accidental lead toxicosis.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Braselton WE, and Donch D
- Subjects
- Accidents, Animals, Cattle, Female, Half-Life, Male, Orchiectomy veterinary, Reference Values, Retrospective Studies, Cattle Diseases pathology, Lead pharmacokinetics, Lead Poisoning veterinary
- Abstract
Lead poisoning in cattle and other food animals is of public health significance because of the potential for human exposure to lead through ingestion of contaminated meat and milk products derived from lead-poisoned animals. In Michigan, lead poisoning in livestock is a reportable disease, and positive cattle are quarantined until they test negative (<0.05 ppm blood lead). There is surprisingly little information on blood lead kinetics in cattle. The half-life has been variably reported as 9 weeks and 1-2 months. Because these data did not fit those obtained from cases received at the Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, a retrospective study was conducted to review all cases of accidental lead poisoning in cattle between 1990 and 1998. This information is needed to estimate when quarantined lead-poisoned cattle can be released. The results showed that the half-life of blood lead was quite variable and ranged from 48 to 2,507 days. The shortest half-lives (48, 56, and 57 days) were found in a lactating herd of 20-month-old heifers. The longest half-life, 2,507 days, was found in a 9-month-old castrated bull, which ingested a discarded automobile battery. Of the 24 animals monitored, only 8/24 (33%) had half-lives between 6 and 14 weeks. In conclusion, the half-life of blood lead is difficult to predict in accidental cases of cattle poisoning.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Relationship between plasma iohexol clearance and urinary exogenous creatinine clearance in dogs.
- Author
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Finco DR, Braselton WE, and Cooper TA
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid veterinary, Creatinine blood, Creatinine urine, Dogs blood, Dogs urine, Female, Kidney surgery, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Linear Models, Male, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission veterinary, Contrast Media pharmacokinetics, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dogs metabolism, Glomerular Filtration Rate veterinary, Iohexol pharmacokinetics, Kidney metabolism, Kidney Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if plasma iohexol clearance, computed by a 1-compartment model defined by 3 plasma samples. was an accurate measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. Twenty-two adult Beagle dogs of both genders were studied. Ten dogs had intact kidneys, and 12 dogs had surgically reduced renal mass. A bolus injection of iohexol was made, and blood was obtained for plasma iohexol assay after 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Plasma was analyzed for iohexol concentration by means of 3 assay methods: chemical, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). Urinary clearance of exogenous creatinine was used to measure GFR for three 30-minute periods occurring between 150 and 240 minutes after iohexol injection. Plasma clearance of iohexol and renal clearance of creatinine were compared by linear regression analysis and by limits of agreement techniques. Plasma iohexol clearance and urinary exogenous creatinine clearance were significantly correlated (chemical R2 = .90; HPLC R2 = .96; and ICP R2 = .96). The 1-compartment iohexol clearance:exogenous creatinine clearance ratios were 1.04 +/- 0.17, 1.05 +/- 0.14, and 1.10 +/- 0.15 for the chemical, HPLC, and ICP methods of assay, respectively, indicating that plasma iohexol clearance slightly overestimated GFR. Assuming a +/- 2 standard deviation interval for error, corrected plasma iohexol clearance measured GFR with +/-34% accuracy for the chemical, +/-26% accuracy for the HPLC, and +/-27% accuracy for the ICP method. These results indicate that plasma iohexol clearance should have utility for detection of renal dysfunction earlier in the course of progressive renal disease than is possible with measurement of plasma creatinine or urea concentrations.
- Published
- 2001
24. The use of blood analyses to evaluate mineral status in livestock.
- Author
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Herdt TH, Rumbeiha W, and Braselton WE
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Animals, Domestic metabolism, Minerals metabolism, Nutrition Assessment, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Domestic blood, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Cattle blood, Minerals blood, Nutritional Status
- Abstract
Animal responses are useful means of evaluating and assessing nutritional status. Blood mineral concentrations can be useful nutritional responses, although there are important limitations. The nutritional value in monitoring blood mineral concentrations varies with the specific mineral, being generally most valuable for those minerals in which homeostasis is regulated primarily by renal excretion, as opposed to regulation by variable absorptive efficiency. Examples of minerals for which blood concentrations are good measures of nutritional intake are selenium and magnesium. Blood mineral concentrations are affected by multiple variability factors. The strategy for use in mineral status assessment is to minimize non-nutritional variation by grouping animals for testing based on physiologic factors that affect, or are likely to affect, the concentration of the mineral or minerals being tested. Care should be taken to use the proper sampling protocol, so as not to cause artifactual variation. Removal of the serum from the clot within 2 hours of sample collection is an important step, among others. Sampling adequate numbers of animals and evaluating the herd mean and SD can minimize the effect of random variation on interpretation.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Intracellular magnesium concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus.
- Author
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Bebchuk TN, Hauptman JG, Braselton WE, and Walshaw R
- Subjects
- Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac etiology, Arrhythmias, Cardiac veterinary, Dogs, Gastric Dilatation complications, Gastric Dilatation metabolism, Magnesium blood, Stomach Volvulus complications, Stomach Volvulus metabolism, Dog Diseases metabolism, Gastric Dilatation veterinary, Magnesium metabolism, Stomach Volvulus veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To quantify and compare intracellular magnesium concentrations (Mgi) in clinically normal dogs (control dogs) and dogs that have gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV dogs) and to determine whether there is a difference in Mgi and serum magnesium concentrations (Mgs) between GDV dogs with and without cardiac arrhythmias., Animals: 41 control dogs and 21 GDV dogs., Procedure: Rectus abdominis muscle specimens were obtained from control and GDV dogs for determination of Mgi. Blood samples were obtained from GDV dogs for determination of Mgs, and dogs were monitored for 48 hours for cardiac arrhythmias. Muscle specimens were frozen at -40 C, oven dried at 95 C, and digested with concentrated nitric acid. Multielemental analyses were performed by simultaneous/sequential inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy with fixed-cross flow nebulization. The Mg, was standardized to sulfur content to correct for the amount of fat and fascia in the muscle specimen. Mean (+/- SEM) values were recorded in parts per million (ppm). Results-There were no significant differences in Mgi between control (627 +/- 11.1 ppm) and GDV (597 +/- 20.5 ppm) dogs, in Mgi between GDV dogs with (590 +/- 34 ppm) and without (584 +/- 29 ppm) cardiac arrhythmias, and in Mgs between GDV dogs with (1.77 +/- 0.26 ppm) and without (1.51 +/- 0.09 ppm) cardiac arrhythmias. There was no correlation between Mgs and Mgi (R2 = 0.0001)., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results indicate that Mg depletion is not pathophysiologically important in dogs with GDV and does not play a role in the cardiac arrhythmias detected in these patients.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Augmentation of mercury-induced nephrotoxicity by endotoxin in the mouse.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Fitzgerald SD, Braselton WE, Roth RA, Pestka JJ, and Kaneene JB
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine blood, Cytokines metabolism, Drug Synergism, Escherichia coli, Kidney pathology, Kidney Diseases pathology, Male, Mercuric Chloride metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C3H, Microscopy, Electron, Organ Size drug effects, Urodynamics drug effects, Endotoxins toxicity, Kidney Diseases chemically induced, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Mercuric Chloride toxicity
- Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and mercury are compounds of food safety concern. Endotoxin is a product of cell walls of gram negative bacteria. Humans are constantly exposed to LPS through infection plus translocation into circulation from the gastrointestinal tract. Food is the major source of mercury in humans. The toxic interaction between LPS and mercury has not been well investigated. In a previous study, we demonstrated that LPS potentiated mercury-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. Whether this observation was species specific was not clear. In this study we tested the hypothesis that LPS enhances mercuric chloride (HgCl(2))-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. In a 2x2 factorial design, mice received either Escherichia coli 0128:B12 endotoxin (2.0 mg/kg body weight) or 200 microliter of 0.9% sodium chloride (saline), and this was followed 4 h later by either mercury (1.75 mg mercuric chloride per kg body weight) or 200 microliter of saline. Mice were monitored for 48 h. Monitored end-points included body and renal weights, urine volume, renal histology and ultrastructural pathology, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, selected serum and urine cytokines, and renal mercury concentrations. Endotoxin by itself was not nephrotoxic at the dose used in this study. Overall, mice given LPS plus mercury were the most severely affected. Mice given LPS and mercury also had significantly greater renal mercury concentration than those given mercury alone (P=0.05). In conclusion, LPS potentiates mercury-induced nephrotoxicity in the mouse.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The postmortem diagnosis of cholecalciferol toxicosis: a novel approach and differentiation from ethylene glycol toxicosis.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Braselton WE, Nachreiner RF, and Refsal KR
- Subjects
- Animals, Bile chemistry, Calcium analysis, Cholecalciferol analysis, Diagnosis, Differential, Dogs, Hypercalcemia etiology, Hypercalcemia veterinary, Kidney chemistry, Phosphorus analysis, Tissue Distribution, Urinalysis veterinary, Cholecalciferol toxicity, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Ethylene Glycol toxicity
- Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop a novel approach to postmortem diagnosis of cholecalciferol (CCF) toxicosis in dogs using kidney, bile, and urine samples, and to differentiate CCF from ethylene glycol (EG) toxicosis. To achieve these objectives, specimens collected from 2 previous laboratory studies in which dogs were given a single oral toxic dose of CCF (8.0 mg/kg) were used. For EG toxicosis, historical data from the previous 13 years (1985-1998) were reviewed and confirmed cases of EG toxicosis were selected. The historical data were used to compare trace mineral concentrations, specifically of calcium and phosphorus to differentiate between intoxications caused by CCF from that caused by EG in dogs. Kidneys, bile, and urine from dogs that died of CCF toxicosis were analyzed for 25 monohydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and compared to known control unexposed dogs. Results of this study show that biliary and renal 25(OH)D3 concentrations and renal calcium to phosphorus ratio are of diagnostic value in dogs exposed to toxic concentrations of CCF. The renal calcium to phosphorus ratio was <0.1 in normal dogs, 0.4-0.9 in dogs that died of CCF toxicosis, and >2.5 in dogs that died of EG toxicosis.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Potentiation of mercury-induced nephrotoxicity by endotoxin in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Fitzgerald SD, Braselton WE, Roth RA, and Kaneene JB
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine blood, Drug Synergism, Escherichia coli chemistry, Kidney drug effects, Kidney pathology, Kidney ultrastructure, Kidney Diseases chemically induced, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Organ Size drug effects, Polyuria blood, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Weight Loss drug effects, Endotoxins toxicity, Kidney Diseases pathology, Mercury toxicity
- Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) and mercury are nephrotoxic compounds of food safety concern. Endotoxin is a product of cell walls of gram negative bacteria. Humans are constantly exposed to LPS through food, water and air. Food is the main source of mercury exposure for humans. Endotoxin potentiates the toxicity of a number of xenobiotics, but its interaction with nephrotoxic heavy metals has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that endotoxin enhances mercury-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty-two, 41-43-day-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly to four groups of eight rats each as follows: group I received 0.9% sodium chloride, group II received 2.0 mg of Escherichia coli 0128:B12 LPS kg(-1) once, group III received 0.5 mg mercuric chloride kg(-1) once, and group IV received 2.0 mg E. Coli 0128:B12 LPS kg(-1) once 4 h before receiving 0.5 mg mercury chloride kg(-1) once. Mercury, LPS and 0.9% sodium chloride were all injected IV through the tail vein. Rats were monitored for 48 h after mercury injection. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and polyuria were significantly increased in rats given LPS plus mercury relative to those given either agent alone or saline (P=0.05). The most severe morphologic lesions were found in rats given LPS plus mercury, which also had significantly greater renal mercury concentration than those given mercury alone (P < or = 0. 05). In conclusion, LPS potentiated mercury-induced nephrotoxicity.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism.
- Author
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Becker TJ, Graves TK, Kruger JM, Braselton WE, and Nachreiner RF
- Subjects
- Animals, Antithyroid Agents therapeutic use, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Cats, Creatinine blood, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate drug effects, Glomerular Filtration Rate veterinary, Hyperthyroidism drug therapy, Kidney physiology, Male, Methimazole therapeutic use, Specific Gravity, Thyroxine blood, Treatment Outcome, Urine chemistry, Antithyroid Agents pharmacology, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Hyperthyroidism veterinary, Kidney drug effects, Methimazole pharmacology
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism. Twelve cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism and 10 clinically normal (i.e., control) cats were included in this study. All cats initially were evaluated with a history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, basal serum total thyroxine concentration, complete urinalysis, and urine bacterial culture. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by a plasma iohexol clearance (PIC) test. After initial evaluation, hyperthyroid cats were treated with methimazole until euthyroidism was achieved. Both groups of cats were then reevaluated by repeating the initial tests four to six weeks later. The mean (+/-standard deviation) pretreatment estimated GFR for the hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (3.83+/-1.82 ml/kg per min) than that of the control cats (1.83+/-0.56 ml/kg per min). Control of the hyperthyroidism resulted in a significantly decreased mean GFR of 2.02+/-0.81 ml/kg per minute when compared to pretreatment values. In the hyperthyroid group, the mean increases in serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine concentrations and the mean decrease in the urine specific gravity after treatment were not statistically significant when compared to pretreatment values. Two of the 12 hyperthyroid cats developed abnormally high serum creatinine concentrations following treatment. These results provide evidence that cats with hyperthyroidism have increased GFR compared to normal cats, and that treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with methimazole results in decreased GFR.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Use of pamidronate disodium to reduce cholecalciferol-induced toxicosis in dogs.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Fitzgerald SD, Kruger JM, Braselton WE, Nachreiner R, Kaneene JB, and Frese KK
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium blood, Cholecalciferol blood, Creatinine blood, Dog Diseases chemically induced, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Glomerular Filtration Rate veterinary, Kidney Cortex pathology, Male, Pamidronate, Phosphorus blood, Potassium blood, Random Allocation, Sodium blood, Specific Gravity, Urea blood, Urine chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Cholecalciferol toxicity, Diphosphonates therapeutic use, Dog Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether pamidronate disodium can reduce cholecalciferol-induced toxicosis in a dose-related manner., Animals: 20 clinically normal, 8- to 12-month-old male Beagles., Procedure: All dogs were given 8 mg of cholecalciferol (CCF)/kg of body weight once orally, then were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 5 dogs each. Dogs were treated with IV administration of 0.9% NaCl solution (SC group), 0.65 mg of pamidronate/kg in 0.9% NaCl solution (LP group), 1.3 mg of pamidronate/kg in 0.9% NaCl solution (MP group), or 2.0 mg of pamidronate/kg in 0.9% NaCl solution (HP group) on days 1 and 4 after administration of CCF. Dogs were observed for 14 days, and serial blood samples were collected for serum biochemical, electrolyte, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analyses. Urine samples were collected for determination of specific gravity. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by plasma iohexol clearance. Histologic examination of renal tissue was performed., Results: One dog in the SC group was euthanatized 3 days after administration of CCF because of severe clinical signs of toxicosis. Dogs in the HP group had significantly higher mean GFR (day 3), serum potassium concentrations (day 14), and urine specific gravity (days 7 and 14) and significantly lower mean serum creatinine concentrations and total calcium X phosphorus concentration product (days 4 and 7) than dogs in the SC group. Dogs in the HP group had no abnormal findings on histologic examination of renal tissue, dogs in the LP and MP groups had trace to mild mineralization of renal tissue, and dogs in the SC group had moderate mineralization and cellular necrosis of proximal renal tubules., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Pamidronate disodium is a potentially useful drug to reduce CCF-induced toxicosis and other causes of hypercalcemia associated with increased bone resorption in dogs.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification and quantification of isazophos in a famphur pour-on and in bovine tissues after a toxic exposure.
- Author
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Braselton WE, Johnson JL, Carlson MP, and Schneider NR
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain enzymology, Cattle, Cattle Diseases etiology, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry veterinary, Insecticides analysis, Organothiophosphorus Compounds analysis, Cattle Diseases chemically induced, Insecticides poisoning, Organothiophosphates chemistry, Organothiophosphorus Compounds poisoning
- Abstract
A sample identified as "Warbex pour-on," expected to contain 13.2% famphur, and bovine tissue samples from 2 heifers that died after exhibiting signs of organophosphate intoxication were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A product formulation problem was suspected because brain cholinesterase activities were depressed in both animals. Electron impact (EI) GC/MS of the pour-on revealed 9.7% famphur and an unidentified peak with approximately 76% of the peak area of the famphur. The unidentified peak showed a molecular ion at m/z 313, with a single Cl isotope cluster. Methane chemical ionization (MeCI) MS confirmed the molecular weight at 313 (1 Cl). A search on the molecular formula C9H17N3O3PSCl yielded a single match, isazophos. EI and MeCI GC/MS of reference isazophos confirmed the identity of the suspect peak. The concentration of isazophos in the pour-on was determined to be 6.0%. Famphur and isazophos were identified by their EI spectra and GC retention times in extracts of liver and brain from the 2 deceased animals. A GC/MS procedure utilizing selected ion monitoring (SIM) was developed for quantification of isazophos in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat of additional affected animals sacrificed at various times after exposure. Isazophos remained in animal tissues for as long as 94 days after topical exposure. Isazophos was present in fetal liver 70 days after exposure of the dam. High levels (6-3,500 ppm) of isazophos and famphur remained on the skin at 39 days postexposure.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Use of pamidronate to reverse vitamin D3-induced toxicosis in dogs.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Kruger JM, Fitzgerald SF, Nachreiner RF, Kaneene JB, Braselton WE, and Chiapuzio CL
- Subjects
- Analgesics administration & dosage, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Calcitonin administration & dosage, Cholecalciferol blood, Cholecalciferol urine, Creatinine urine, Diphosphonates administration & dosage, Dog Diseases chemically induced, Dogs, Hypercalcemia chemically induced, Hypercalcemia drug therapy, Ion-Selective Electrodes veterinary, Kidney Cortex pathology, Male, Pamidronate, Radioimmunoassay veterinary, Random Allocation, Urea blood, Zinc urine, Analgesics therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Calcitonin therapeutic use, Cholecalciferol toxicity, Diphosphonates therapeutic use, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Hypercalcemia veterinary
- Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether pamidronate disodium can reduce vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia in dogs and whether combination treatment with calcitonin is more effective than treatment with pamidronate alone., Animals: 20 clinically normal male Beagles., Procedure: All dogs were given 8 mg of cholecalciferol (CCF)/kg of body weight once orally, then were assigned randomly to 4 groups of 5 dogs each. Dogs were given 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 1), calcitonin SC and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 2), pamidronate and 0.9% NaCl solution IV (group 3), or a combination of all 3 agents (group 4). Dogs were observed for 28 days, and serial blood and urine samples were collected for determination of serum biochemical, electrolyte, and 25(OH)D3 values, CBC, and urine mineral excretion. Samples of kidney, stomach, lung, aorta, liver, duodenum, and brain were evaluated by light microscopy and quantitative mineral analysis., Results: Two dogs in group 1 were euthanatized 4 days after CCF administration because of severe clinical signs of disease. Dogs in group 3 lost less weight and had significantly lower serum phosphorus, total and ionized calcium, and urinary zinc concentrations, compared with dogs in group 1. On day 4, serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in dogs of groups 3 and 4, compared with dogs in group 1. Mild to moderate mineralization of kidneys and stomach were observed in the 2 group-1 dogs euthanatized on day 4., Conclusions: Pamidronate administration effectively prevents CCF-induced hypercalcemia and mineralization of soft tissues., Clinical Relevance: Pamidronate is a potentially useful antidote against CCF toxicosis in dogs.
- Published
- 1999
33. Health evaluation of free-ranging rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocomes) in Argentina.
- Author
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Karesh WB, Uhart MM, Frere E, Gandini P, Braselton WE, Puche H, and Cook RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Argentina epidemiology, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Birds parasitology, Communicable Diseases diagnosis, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Specimen Handling veterinary, Bird Diseases diagnosis, Birds blood, Communicable Diseases veterinary, Health Status
- Abstract
As part of annual colony counts in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, a health survey of rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocomes) was conducted in 1994. Forty-five birds were examined during handling procedures, and blood and fecal samples were collected for laboratory analysis. All birds appeared to be in good condition. No ecto- or endoparasites were found. Hematology, plasma chemistry, and plasma mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology. Antibodies against Chlamydia sp., avian adenovirus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, and paramyxovirus-1, -2, and -3 were found. Mean plasma chemistry and mineral values differed between individuals testing positive and negative on serologic tests. There was no serologic evidence of exposure to avian influenza virus, duck viral enteritis, infectious bursal disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, Aspergillus sp., or Salmonella pullorum. Trace amounts of endrin were found in the plasma of one bird, but all other chlorinated pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were below detectable limits.
- Published
- 1999
34. Toxaphene toxicosis in a beef herd.
- Author
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Rumbeiha WK, Braselton WE, Donch D, Slanker M, Mauer MC, Jantz S, and Rumler P
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases chemically induced, Cattle Diseases pathology, Liver pathology, Michigan, Poisoning mortality, Poisoning pathology, Time Factors, Toxaphene pharmacokinetics, Cattle Diseases mortality, Insecticides poisoning, Poisoning veterinary, Toxaphene poisoning
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (Lama guanicoe).
- Author
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Karesh WB, Uhart MM, Dierenfeld ES, Braselton WE, Torres A, House C, Puche H, and Cook RA
- Subjects
- Analgesics, Opioid antagonists & inhibitors, Anesthetics antagonists & inhibitors, Animals, Animals, Domestic blood, Animals, Domestic immunology, Animals, Domestic physiology, Animals, Wild blood, Animals, Wild immunology, Antibodies blood, Antidotes pharmacology, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Camelids, New World blood, Camelids, New World immunology, Communicable Diseases diagnosis, Communicable Diseases immunology, Communicable Diseases veterinary, Drug Combinations, Enzymes blood, Female, Fentanyl analogs & derivatives, Fentanyl antagonists & inhibitors, Flumazenil pharmacology, Immobilization, Male, Minerals blood, Naltrexone pharmacology, Narcotic Antagonists pharmacology, Physical Examination veterinary, Reference Values, Sheep blood, Sheep immunology, Sheep physiology, Tiletamine antagonists & inhibitors, Vitamins blood, Zolazepam antagonists & inhibitors, Animals, Wild physiology, Camelids, New World physiology, Health Status
- Abstract
Twenty free-ranging guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in Chubut Province, Argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. All but two animals appeared to be in good condition. Hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. Serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Johne's disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), foot and mouth disease, leptospirosis (17 serovars), parainfluenza-3, and vesicular stomatitis. Blood samples from 20 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) maintained in the same reserve with the guanaco were also collected at the same time for serology tests. No guanaco had positive serologic tests. Sheep were found to have antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Johne's disease, leptospirosis, and parainfluenza-3. There was no apparent difference in external appearance or condition, or statistical difference in blood test values, between the animals that were positive or negative for parasite ova.
- Published
- 1998
36. Pseudohypophosphatemia in two dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.
- Author
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Harkin KR, Braselton WE, and Tvedten H
- Subjects
- Anemia, Hemolytic blood, Anemia, Hemolytic immunology, Animals, Artifacts, Calcium blood, Diagnosis, Differential, Dogs, Hypophosphatemia blood, Hypophosphatemia diagnosis, Magnesium blood, Male, Phosphates blood, Potassium blood, Risk Factors, Sodium blood, Anemia, Hemolytic veterinary, Dog Diseases, Hypophosphatemia veterinary
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Immobilization and health assessment of free-ranging black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek).
- Author
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Karesh WB, Wallace RB, Painter RL, Rumiz D, Braselton WE, Dierenfeld ES, and Puche H
- Subjects
- Anesthetics administration & dosage, Animal Welfare, Animals, Drug Combinations, Female, Male, Tiletamine administration & dosage, Zolazepam administration & dosage, Cebidae physiology, Health Status, Immobilization, Telemetry
- Abstract
Eight free-ranging black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek) were immobilized with Telazol in Bolivia for the purpose of radio-collaring. During this procedure, the animals received complete medical examinations, and samples were collected for health analyses. Biochemical test results varied with the degree of condition of the animals, and a variety of physical abnormalities were found. Evidence of previous infections with Leptospira sp., encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus was found. All findings contribute to establishing baseline health values for the species. The handling of primates for research projects provides a valuable opportunity to collect health-related data and samples that can contribute to wildlife management and conservation efforts. The capture and handling of free-ranging primates is always accompanied by risk of injury or mortality. It is ethically important to maximize the amount of information gathered during these procedures. Furthermore, sharing the undesirable impacts with the scientific community enables informed decisions to be made during future project development.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Health evaluation of black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus petersi) using blood chemistry and serology.
- Author
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Karesh WB, Rothstein A, Green W, Reuter HO, Braselton WE, Torres A, and Cook RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Communicable Diseases diagnosis, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral immunology, Electrolytes blood, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Male, Namibia epidemiology, Physical Examination veterinary, Antelopes blood, Communicable Diseases veterinary, Enzymes blood, Health Status, Minerals blood
- Abstract
As part of ongoing ecological studies of black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus petersi) in northern Namibia, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 26 animals captured for translocation in 1992. All animals appeared to be in good condition and no abnormality was noted during physical examination. Serum chemistry and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and were within the normal ranges for domestic ruminants. Antibody titers for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea were detected. Serological tests for bluetongue, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, parainfluenza 3, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and anaplasmosis were negative. Significant differences in disease prevalence were not found between sexes.
- Published
- 1997
39. Health evaluation of free-ranging and hand-reared macaws (Ara spp.) in Peru.
- Author
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Karesh WB, del Campo A, Braselton WE, Puche H, and Cook RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Animals, Wild, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Cohort Studies, Communicable Diseases diagnosis, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Enzymes blood, Hematologic Tests veterinary, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Metals blood, Parasitic Diseases, Animal diagnosis, Parasitic Diseases, Animal epidemiology, Peru epidemiology, Physical Examination veterinary, Bird Diseases diagnosis, Communicable Diseases veterinary, Health Status, Psittaciformes blood, Psittaciformes parasitology
- Abstract
As part of ongoing ecological studies and reproduction enhancement efforts for macaws in southwestern Peru, a health survey of parent- and hand-reared scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and blue and gold macaws (Ara ararauna) was conducted in 1994. Thirty-three birds were examined during handling procedures, and blood samples were collected from 27 (9 parent reared, 18 hand reared) for laboratory analysis. All but one bird appeared to be in good condition, with no abnormality noted during physical examination. Hematology, plasma chemistries, and plasma vitamin and mineral levels were studied and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology. Positive antibody titers for Salmonella and psittacine herpesvirus were found. These diseases have the potential to affect wildlife population dynamics, and Salmonella may have public health significance. Serological tests for avian influenza, infectious laryngotracheitis, paramyxovirus-1, -2, -3, polyoma virus, chlamydiosis, and aspergillosis were negative. Differences in disease prevalence were found between rearing situations.
- Published
- 1997
40. Biopsy mineral analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy with ultrasonic nebulization.
- Author
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Braselton WE, Stuart KJ, Mullaney TP, and Herdt TH
- Subjects
- Animals, Biopsy, Cattle, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Nutritional Status, Organ Specificity, Spectrophotometry, Atomic methods, Ultrasonics, Copper analysis, Liver chemistry, Liver cytology, Trace Elements analysis
- Abstract
Liver copper concentration is generally considered the best measure of copper nutritional status in cattle. Ultrasonic nebulization in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was investigated as a method to provide adequate sensitivity to allow accurate simultaneous measurement of copper and 14 additional elements from needle biopsy samples. The element concentration frequency distribution profile of 12 elements routinely present in liver was compared to profiles of the elements in fat, muscle, vena cava, kidney, and clotted blood. The profiles could be used to confirm the authenticity of the liver biopsy sample. Element concentrations in biopsy samples taken in triplicate from the five lobes of a bovine liver were compared to those from triplicate wedge sections taken adjacent to the biopsies and analyzed by conventional ICP-AES. Precision between biopsies was equal to or better than precision between wedge samples. Some element concentrations determined by the biopsy procedure differed statistically from those determined by the wedge procedure, but differences were not sufficient to influence clinical interpretation of data.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Measurement of serum iohexol by determination of iodine with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy.
- Author
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Braselton WE, Stuart KJ, and Kruger JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Dogs, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spectrum Analysis, Contrast Media pharmacokinetics, Iodine blood, Iohexol pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
We used inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy to measure serum iodine to determine plasma clearance of iohexol, an iodinated radiographic contrast agent. We determined I at 178.276 nm on the phosphorus 178.287 nm channel of the polychromator by utilization of spectrum shifter offset software, while correcting for P with the sequential P 214.914 nm emission line. Determination of I on the polychromator provided excellent precision in the measurement of serum I, even though the interelement correction of P was done with a sequential P line. Total imprecision (CV) (n = 13) was 16% (at 13.7 mg/L I), 8.6% (28.7 mg/L), 3.6% (59.0 mg/L), 2.6% (120.5 mg/L), 1.7% (237.8 mg/L), 1.2% (478.7 mg/L), and 1.8% (597 mg/L). The linear range was 15 to 600 mg/L. Iohexol added to serum (mg/L I) and recoveries (%) were 15 (91.3%), 30 (95.7%), 60 (98.3%), 120 (100.4%), 240 (99.1%), 480 (99.7%), and 600 (99.5%). Studies on dogs and cats administered a single intravenous injection of iohexol indicated that a dose of 300 mg I/kg body weight was sufficient for measurement of glomerular filtration rate by using a single compartment model for plasma clearance with three samples drawn 3 to 7 h after treatment. With this protocol, correlation coefficients were > 0.99 on the beta phase of the plasma disappearance curve.
- Published
- 1997
42. Multi-element assay of mammary secretions and sera from periparturient mares by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Rook JS, Braselton WE, Nachreiner RF, Lloyd JW, Shea ME, Shelle JE, and Hitzler PR
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium analysis, Calcium blood, Copper analysis, Copper blood, Female, Horses blood, Horses physiology, Iron analysis, Iron blood, Ivermectin therapeutic use, Labor, Obstetric blood, Labor, Obstetric physiology, Magnesium analysis, Magnesium blood, Mammary Glands, Animal chemistry, Manganese analysis, Manganese blood, Potassium analysis, Potassium blood, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Sodium analysis, Sodium blood, Spectrum Analysis methods, Zinc analysis, Zinc blood, Horses metabolism, Ivermectin analogs & derivatives, Labor, Obstetric metabolism, Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism, Minerals analysis, Minerals blood, Spectrum Analysis veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To document and determine changes in the mineral profiles of sera and mammary secretions from a population of periparturient mares., Animals: 18 clinically normal periparturient Arabian broodmares., Procedure: Inductively coupled argon emission spectroscopy was used to measure Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn concentrations in sera and mammary secretions of periparturient mares. In addition, S was measured in mammary secretions., Results: Serum concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, and Zn remained constant throughout late pregnancy and the first 7 days of lactation. Compared with values on day 11 before foaling, mammary fluid concentrations of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, P, S, and Zn increased prior to parturition and all element concentrations, except Ca, decreased with the onset of lactation. In contrast, Na concentrations in mammary secretions decreased precipitously as parturition approached. Iron concentrations in mammary secretions remained relatively constant up to the time of parturition, decreased at parturition, and remained constant during lactation., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Prior to foaling, increasing concentrations of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, P, S, or Zn in mammary secretions in concert with precipitous decreases in Na concentrations may provide a predictive index of impending parturition in the mare and a means of assessing fetal readiness for birth.
- Published
- 1997
43. MS/MS screen for the tremorgenic mycotoxins roquefortine and penitrem A.
- Author
-
Braselton WE and Rumler PC
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Ergolines chemistry, Ergolines toxicity, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings, Mass Spectrometry methods, Mycotoxicosis diagnosis, Mycotoxins chemistry, Mycotoxins toxicity, Piperazines, Dog Diseases, Ergolines analysis, Indoles, Mycotoxicosis veterinary, Mycotoxins analysis
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Winter poisoning of coyotes and raptors with Furadan-laced carcass baits.
- Author
-
Allen GT, Veatch JK, Stroud RK, Vendel CG, Poppenga RH, Thompson L, Shafer JA, and Braselton WE
- Subjects
- Animal Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Animals, Animals, Wild, Bird Diseases diagnosis, Birds, Carbofuran analysis, Female, Gastrointestinal Contents chemistry, Insecticides analysis, Male, Poisoning diagnosis, Poisoning veterinary, Seasons, Bird Diseases chemically induced, Carbofuran poisoning, Carnivora, Insecticides poisoning
- Abstract
Three bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and two coyotes (Canis latrans) found in a field in north-central Kansas (USA) in December 1992 were poisoned by flowable carbofuran (Furadan 4F) placed on sheep (Ovis aries) carcasses to kill coyotes. The carbofuran was placed on the carcasses in October 1992, but the coyotes and raptors apparently were killed in late December. Thus, flowable Furadan can cause direct and secondary deaths of wildlife under some circumstances for at least 60 days following placement.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Effects of previous grazing treatment and consumption of locoweed on liver mineral concentrations in beef steers.
- Author
-
Galyean ML, Ralphs MH, Reif MN, Graham JD, and Braselton WE Jr
- Subjects
- Animals, Barium analysis, Barium metabolism, Calcium analysis, Calcium metabolism, Cattle blood, Cattle physiology, Cattle Diseases blood, Copper analysis, Copper metabolism, Eating physiology, Iron analysis, Iron metabolism, Liver metabolism, Magnesium analysis, Magnesium metabolism, Male, Minerals metabolism, Molybdenum analysis, Molybdenum metabolism, Plant Poisoning blood, Plant Poisoning metabolism, Selenium analysis, Selenium blood, Selenium metabolism, Zinc analysis, Zinc metabolism, Animal Feed standards, Cattle metabolism, Cattle Diseases metabolism, Liver chemistry, Minerals analysis, Plant Poisoning veterinary, Poaceae
- Abstract
Twelve Hereford steers (average BW = 231 kg) that had previously grazed native rangeland (Range) or irrigated winter wheat pasture (Wheat) were allowed to graze locoweed-infested rangeland from April 1 to June 9, 1994 (six steers/previous grazing treatment). Relative consumption level of locoweed and other forage classes was measured as observed bites per steer. Liver biopsy and whole blood samples were obtained from each steer before and after grazing. Liver samples were analyzed for several minerals by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, and whole blood samples were analyzed for Se. Liver concentrations of Ba (P < .001), Cd (P < .001), Ca (P < .01), Cr (P < .01), Ni (P < .001), Na (P < .01), and V (P < .001) were greater and concentrations of Mn (P < .09), P (P < .01), and K (P < .07) were less in Wheat than in Range steers. Liver concentrations of Fe, Mg, S, and Zn and whole blood Se concentrations did not differ (P > .10) between the two groups. Liver concentrations of Cr (P < .04) and Mn (P < .001) were less, and Fe concentrations were greater (P < .01), in samples taken after grazing than in samples taken before grazing of locoweed-infested range. Whole blood Se concentrations decreased (P < .01) from the beginning to the end of the grazing period, but this effect was not related (P > .15) to locoweed consumption. Changes in liver concentrations of minerals were compared relative to consumption levels of all forage classes in the locoweed-infested range. Liver concentrations of Cu decreased (r2 = .45; P < .02) as the percentage of bites consumed as locoweed increased, but concentrations after grazing locoweed-infested range were still within normal ranges. Changes in liver concentrations of other minerals were not related (P > .15) to consumption of locoweed. These data indicate that previous grazing history can have significant effects on liver mineral stores and that, under our conditions, consumption of locoweed by grazing beef steers altered liver Cu concentrations. Toxic effects of locoweed consumption would likely occur before Cu deficiency would be induced by grazing locoweed-infested range; hence, supplementation of Cu would seem unlikely to alter the course of locoweed toxicosis.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Zinc phosphide poisoning in a horse.
- Author
-
Drolet R, Laverty S, Braselton WE, and Lord N
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry veterinary, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Intestines pathology, Lipidoses pathology, Lipidoses veterinary, Lung pathology, Phosphines analysis, Poisoning diagnosis, Poisoning pathology, Poisoning veterinary, Pulmonary Edema pathology, Pulmonary Edema veterinary, Rodenticides analysis, Stomach pathology, Zinc Compounds analysis, Horse Diseases chemically induced, Phosphines poisoning, Rodenticides poisoning, Zinc Compounds poisoning
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Composition of milk from llamas in the United States.
- Author
-
Morin DE, Rowan LL, Hurley WL, and Braselton WE
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcium analysis, Chlorides analysis, Colorado, Female, Illinois, Kentucky, Lactation, Lactose analysis, Lipids analysis, Michigan, Milk Proteins analysis, Minerals analysis, Potassium analysis, Sodium analysis, Spectrum Analysis, Trace Elements analysis, Camelids, New World, Milk chemistry
- Abstract
Neonatal llamas must receive supplemental milk when the dam has inadequate milk yield or fails to accept the cria. Data on llama milk composition are limited, and selection of suitable milk supplements has been difficult. Milk from 83 llamas on eight farms in four states (Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, and Colorado) was collected, and milk composition was analyzed. Llamas had no history or signs of mastitis, and major mastitis pathogens were not isolated from the milk. Total solids were determined gravimetrically. A colorimetric method, a dye-binding assay, and the modified Mojonnier method were used to quantify lactose, protein, and fat, respectively. Concentrations of seven macrominerals and 17 trace elements were obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and Cl was quantified by anion chromatography. Llama milk was higher in sugar (6.5%) and lower in fat (2.7%) and energy content (70.0 kcal/100 g) than milks of domestic ruminants. Llama milk also contained more Ca and less Na, K, and Cl. In general, milk composition was not affected by stage of lactation, lactation number, or body condition score of the llama, but several milk constituents varied among farms.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Dicoumarol (moldy sweet clover) toxicosis in a group of Holstein calves.
- Author
-
Yamini B, Poppenga RH, Braselton WE Jr, and Judge LJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Dicumarol pharmacokinetics, Poisoning pathology, Cattle Diseases, Dicumarol poisoning, Food Contamination, Poaceae, Poisoning veterinary, Silage
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Plasma mineral concentrations in preterm infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge.
- Author
-
Rajaram S, Carlson SE, Koo WW, and Braselton WE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Calcium blood, Calcium pharmacokinetics, Copper blood, Copper pharmacokinetics, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, University, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Magnesium blood, Magnesium pharmacokinetics, Male, Patient Discharge, Potassium blood, Potassium pharmacokinetics, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Zinc blood, Zinc pharmacokinetics, Food, Fortified analysis, Infant Food, Infant, Premature blood
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether prolonged feeding of preterm infant formula to preterm infants can accelerate recovery to normal plasma zinc levels without affecting plasma mineral homeostasis., Design: Part of concurrent prospective feeding trials in a university hospital-based population., Subjects and Intervention: Preterm infants (n = 33; birth weight, 1037 +/- 157 gm) were fed a preterm infant formula with higher concentrations of zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, and potassium until 2 months past expected term, then a term infant formula. Term infants (n = 38; birth weight, 3318 +/- 401 gm) fed this term infant formula from birth were a reference group for comparison with study infants and with published values. Plasma mineral levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy., Results: Preterm infants fed a preterm infant formula after discharge from the hospital appeared to achieve normal plasma zinc concentrations by at least 2 months past term without adverse effects on mineral homeostasis.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Effects of supplemental dietary sodium chloride and restricted drinking water on mink.
- Author
-
Restum JC, Bush CR, Malinczak RL, Watson GL, Braselton WE, Bursian SJ, and Aulerich RJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Chlorides metabolism, Male, Mink blood, Mink urine, Organ Size drug effects, Potassium metabolism, Sodium metabolism, Mink metabolism, Sodium Chloride, Dietary toxicity, Water Deprivation physiology
- Abstract
Thirty-six male mink were fed diets that contained 0, 1, 2 or 4% supplemental salt (sodium chloride) and were given drinking water ad libitum for 7 d. Three mink on each diet were then placed on ad libitum, 50% ad libitum or 25% ad libitum drinking water for the next 14 d. Ad libitum water consumption was directly proportional to the salt content of the diets. Feed consumption was inversely related to the level of dietary salt, although water restriction had a greater effect in reducing feed consumption than did the supplemental salt. The clinical signs of salt toxicity-water restriction observed were increased thirst, mild dehydration, decreased feed consumption, decreased body weight, rough coat, crusty nose and eyes, irritability in the early stage, and lethargy in the later stages. In general, serum and urinary sodium and chloride ion concentrations increased with increasing dietary salt concentrations. Expressed as a percent of brain weight, liver, spleen, kidney and heart weights of mink fed supplemental salt were less than the control weights. Adrenal gland weights increased in response to water restriction. Brain sodium concentrations were not affected by salt supplementation when drinking water was provided ad libitum. However, restricting drinking water generally resulted in increased brain sodium concentrations. Mild to moderate micro- or macrovesicular vacuolar changes were observed in the livers of some mink fed each level of dietary salt, but were especially prominent in the mink restricted in drinking water.
- Published
- 1995
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