Search

Over the years, the world has faced numerous global uncertainties, each leaving a profound impact on the global economy and the financial market. This has increased the research on how these uncertainties affect various stocks. However, limited attention has been directed toward comprehending the combined influence of geopolitical risk, global policy uncertainty, and infectious disease equity market volatility on heterogeneous stock returns. This study sets out to investigate the impact of geopolitical risk (GPRH), global policy uncertainty (GPU), infectious disease equity market volatility (ID-EMV), and their correlations on stock returns in a heterogeneous market context, employing wavelet coherence analysis. The study's outcomes emphasize the temporal nature of these uncertainties’ effects on financial markets. Furthermore, our research shows that there is a stronger influence on stock returns from various markets when the combined effects of GPU, ID-EMV, and GPRH are taken into account than when the effects are taken into account separately. This implies that times when all of these factors are operating concurrently will see greater fluctuations in markets than times when only one of them acts in the market. The findings of the study provide significant insight into the complex relationship between economic indicators and stock market performance, allowing investors and policymakers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of global financial markets.

Abstract In this paper we revisit a generalised crossing equation that follows from harmonic analysis on the conformal group, and is of particular interest for the cosmological bootstrap programme. We present an exact solution to this equation, for dimensions two or higher, in terms of 6j symbols of the Euclidean conformal group, and discuss its relevance. In the process we provide a detailed derivation of the analogue of the Biedenharn-Elliot identity for said 6j symbols.

Corals and other biomineralizing organisms use proteins and other molecules to form different crystalline polymorphs and biomineral structures. In corals, it's been suggested that proteins such as Coral Acid Rich Proteins (CARPs) play a major role in the polymorph selection of their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aragonite exoskeleton. To date, four CARPs (1-4) have been characterized: each with a different amino acid composition and different temporal and spatial expression patterns during coral developmental stages. Interestingly, CARP3 is able to alter crystallization pathways in vitro, yet its function in this process remains enigmatic. To better understand the CARP3 function, we performed two independent in vitro CaCO3 polymorph selection experiments using purified recombinant CARP3 at different concentrations and at low or zero Mg2+ concentration. Our results show that, in the absence of Mg2+, CARP3 selects for the vaterite polymorph and inhibits calcite. However, in the presence of a low concentration of Mg2+ and CARP3 both Mg-calcite and vaterite are formed, with the relative amount of Mg-calcite increasing with CARP3 concentration. In all conditions, CARP3 did not select for the aragonite polymorph, which is the polymorph associated to CARP3 in vivo, even in the presence of Mg2+ (Mg:Ca molar ratio equal to 1). These results further emphasize the importance of Mg:Ca molar ratios similar to that in seawater (Mg:Ca equal to 5) and the activity of the biological system in a aragonite polymorph selection in coral skeleton formation.

Abstract We study four-point functions of spinning operators in the flavor current multiplet in four dimensional N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs, using superspace techniques. In particular we explicitly construct the differential operators relating the different components of the super-correlator. As a byproduct of our analysis, we report the computation of the four-point amplitudes of gluons in bosonic Yang-Mills theories on AdS5 and we give evidence of an AdS double copy relation between the gluon amplitude and its gravitational counterpart.

Abstract We study a class of two-point functions in a conformal field theory near a wedge. This is a set-up with two boundaries intersecting at an angle θ. We compute it as a solution to the Dyson-Schwinger equation of motion for a quartic interaction in the d = 4 − ϵ bulk and on one of the boundaries in d = 3 − ϵ, up to order (ϵ). We have extracted the anomalous dimensions from such correlators, which we complemented with Feynman diagrams computations.

Abstract The calculation of physical quantities in certain quantum field theories such as those of the Argyres-Douglas type is notoriously hard, due to the lack of a Lagrangian description. Here we tackle this problem following two alternative approaches. On the one hand, we use localization on the four-sphere to compute two-correlators and OPE coefficients in Argyres-Douglas superconformal theories. On the other hand, we use the conformal bootstrap machinery to put stringent bounds on such coefficients, only relying on the knowledge of central charge and conformal dimension of the operators. We compare the results obtained with these two methods and find good agreement for all rank-one cases and for the rank-two Argyres-Douglas theories (A 1, A 4) and (A 1, A 5), in the moduli space of pure SU(5) and SU(6) super Yang-Mills. We also apply our results from localization to obtain bounds on the dimensions of the lightest neutral unprotected operators of the CFTs.

Abstract We start a systematic study of quarter-BPS operators in four-dimensional N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(N) making use of recently developed tools in conformal field theory. We adapt the technology of embedding space tensor structures in four dimensions to the problem of computing R-symmetry tensor structures, and we use the underlying chiral algebra to obtain the superconformal Ward identities. This allows us to fix the protected part of the four-point correlators, up to few ambiguities. As applications, we use the Lorentzian inversion formula to study the leading order OPE data in the large N supergravity limit and we make contact with the OPE limit of the five-point function of half-BPS operators.

Na atual conjuntura em que se encontra a pecuária leiteira da região amazônica, que é predominantemente agricultores familiares, baixa renda na atividade, e ainda escassez de estudos sobre o tema neste tipo de ambiente, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a aplicabilidade da ferramenta administrativa 5W2H como auxiliar nas correções e melhorias na produção de leite destes produtores. Os estudos foram realizados na região do Cone Sul do estado de Rondônia e tinham a produção de leite como principal atividade da propriedade. Foi realizado uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e quantitativa, com a observação direta das propriedades in loco, além de entrevista com os proprietários, realizando uma minuciosa pesquisa com intuito de descobrir falhas e problemas na produção de leite. Após o levantamento das falhas e problemas das propriedades assistidas, foi utilizada a ferramenta de gestão Matriz GUT, logo em seguida colocadas propostas de resolução utilizando a ferramenta de gestão 5W2H. Os resultados apontaram para o problema de escore corporal baixo, relacionados ao manejo de pastagens, como não adubação, adubação errada, seja com adubo químico ou resíduos e infestação alta de ectoparasitas no rebanho, sendo viável a utilização como ferramenta auxiliadora a 5W2H, demonstrando ser de fácil utilização, com boa aceitação entre os agentes envolvidos, trazendo um comprometimento e um retorno satisfatório, atuando como referência para sustentar as decisões e realização dos apontamentos. Percebeu-se que é possível identificar o uso das ferramentas de gestão para os problemas detectados na propriedade rural, visando uma orientação ordenada, e ainda, espera-se colaborar na extensão rural, por meio da geração de conhecimento e das técnicas que se mostraram eficientes.

Abstract We initiate the study of one-loop gluon amplitudes in AdS space. These amplitudes were recently computed at tree level for a variety of backgrounds of the form AdS d+1 × S 3. For concreteness, we compute the one-loop correction to the massless gluon amplitude on AdS 5 ×S 3, which corresponds to the four-point correlator of the flavor current multiplet in the dual 4d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFT. This requires solving a mixing problem that involves tree-level amplitudes of arbitrarily massive Kaluza-Klein modes. The final answer has the same color structure as in flat space but the dependence on Mandelstam variables is more complicated, with logarithms replaced by polygamma functions.

Este artigo analisa o Programa Paraná Fala Inglês (PFI), na sua segunda fase, em uma universidade pública do norte-paranaense, sob a perspectiva de seus participantes (coordenadoras e professores). Assim, ele i) examina a visão dos participantes sobre o programa no processo de internacionalização da universidade; ii) analisa suas expectativas iniciais a respeito do PFI e como estas foram sendo (ou não) concretizadas; iii) investiga os pontos positivos e lacunares do programa, de acordo com a perspectiva dos integrantes. Os dados foram gerados por meio da aplicação de questionários dissertativos e a discussão realizada se embasa em trabalhos acerca da internacionalização (JORDÃO; MARTINEZ, 2015; STALLIVIERI,2002; MARRARA; RODRIGUES, 2016, dentre outros). Os resultados indicam que o programa tem contribuído com a internacionalização acadêmica por meio da oferta de cursos e de editais de mobilidade, além de ser um contexto relevante e diferenciado para a formação docente continuada. Apesar de alguns pontos lacunares apontados, os aspectos positivos se sobressaem e as expectativas de todos os participantes se concretizaram ou foram ressignificadas.

Abstract We perform a numerical bootstrap study of the mixed correlator system containing the half-BPS operators of dimension two and three in N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super Yang-Mills. This setup improves on previous works in the literature that only considered single correlators of one or the other operator. We obtain upper bounds on the leading twist in a given representation of the R-symmetry by imposing gaps on the twist of all operators rather than the dimension of a single one. As a result we find a tension between the large N supergravity predictions and the numerical finite N results already at N ∼ 100. A few possible solutions are discussed: the extremal spectrum suggests that at large but finite N, in addition to the double trace operators, there exists a second tower of states with smaller dimension. We also obtain new bounds on the dimension of operators which were not accessible with a single correlator setup. Finally we consider bounds on the OPE coefficients of various operators. The results obtained for the OPE coefficient of the lightest scalar singlet show evidences of a two dimensional conformal manifold.

We consider a crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR) for CFT four point correlation with identical scalar operators, which is manifestly symmetric under the cross-ratios $u,v$ interchange. This representation has several features in common with the CSDR for quantum field theories. It enables a study of the expansion of the correlation function around $u=v=1/4$, which is used in the numerical conformal bootstrap program. We elucidate several remarkable features of the dispersive representation using the four point correlation function of $\Phi_{1,2}$ operators in 2d minimal models as a test-bed. When the dimension of the external scalar operator ($\Delta_\sigma$) is less than $\frac{1}{2}$, the CSDR gets contribution from only a single tower of global primary operators with the second tower being projected out. We find that there is a notion of low twist dominance (LTD) which, as a function of $\Delta_\sigma$, is maximized near the 2d Ising model as well as the non-unitary Yang-Lee model. The CSDR and LTD further explain positivity of the Taylor expansion coefficients of the correlation function around the crossing symmetric point and lead to universal predictions for specific ratios of these coefficients. These results carry over to the epsilon expansion in $4-\epsilon$ dimensions. We also conduct a preliminary investigation of geometric function theory ideas, namely the Bieberbach-Rogosinski bounds.

Objetivo: Considerando que o setor de aviação civil brasileiro registrou representativa participação no PIB brasileiro e tem gerado significativa contribuição no valor agregado para economia, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o disclosure nas demonstrações financeiras das empresas Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S. A., Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S. A. e Latam Airlines Group S. A. a partir do enfoque teórico e normativo do CPC 25 no período de 2013 a 2018. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, onde se analisou como ocorre a divulgação das Provisões e Passivos Contingentes apresentadas nas demonstrações financeiras das companhias aéreas brasileiras listadas no Brasil, Bolsa, Bovespa (B3) – Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S. A., Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S. A. e Latam Airlines Group S. A., no período de 2013 a 2018. A técnica utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo, onde buscou-se verificar, primeiramente, como são classificadas as provisões e os passivos contingentes divulgadas pelas companhias de linhas aéreas. Em seguida, se apurou o quanto cada categoria representa (em valores) em relação as provisões e passivos contingentes divulgados. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que as informações ainda são falhas em relação à aderência às orientações do CPC 25 (2009) quanto à evidenciação de passivos contingentes, fato que pode representar uma barreira na análise da transparência dos dados e das informações aos potenciais usuários da informação contábil. Quanto às provisões, observou-se maior frequência de divulgação de informações que se referem a tributos, área cível, trabalhista e devolução de aeronaves. Contribuições do Estudo: Esse estudo permite analisar aspectos relativos à natureza, reconhecimento e mensuração das provisões e passivos contingentes, sobretudo, em relação à transparência na divulgação e classificação desses itens, estimulando a diminuição da assimetria informacional dentre os usuários das informações contábeis.

Abstract We present a dispersion relation in conformal field theory which expresses the four point function as an integral over its single discontinuity. Exploiting the analytic properties of the OPE and crossing symmetry of the correlator, we show that in perturbative settings the correlator depends only on the spectrum of the theory, as well as the OPE coefficients of certain low twist operators, and can be reconstructed unambiguously. In contrast to the Lorentzian inversion formula, the validity of the dispersion relation does not assume Regge behavior and is not restricted to the exchange of spinning operators. As an application, the correlator 〈ϕϕϕϕ〉 in ϕ 4 theory at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point is computed in closed form to order є 2 in the E expansion.

Background Various glucocorticoid replacement therapies (GRTs) are available for adrenal insufficiency (AI). However, their effectiveness in restoring glucocorticoid rhythm and exposure lacks adequate biochemical markers. We described the diurnal salivary cortisol (SalF) and cortisone (SalE) rhythm among different GRTs and analysed the associations between saliva-derived parameters and life quality questionnaires. Methods Control subjects (CSs, n = 28) and AI patients receiving hydrocortisone (HC, n = 9), cortisone acetate (CA, n = 23), and dual-release hydrocortisone once (DRHC-od, n = 10) and twice a day (DRHC-td, n = 6) collected 9 saliva samples from 07:00 to 23:00. Patients compiled Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Addison disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaires. SalE and SalF were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exposure was monitored using SalE for HC and DRHC and SalF for CA. Area under the curve (AUC) was computed. Different GRTs were compared by Z -scores calculated from saliva-derived parameters. Questionnaire results predictors were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Results Compared with controls, all GRTs resulted in glucocorticoid overexposure in the morning. Hydrocortisone, CA, and DRHC-td caused overexposure also in afternoon and evening. Compared with other treatments, CA determined increased Z -score-07:00 (P <.001), DRHC-td determined increased Z -score-AUC07:00→14:00 (P =.007), and DRHC-od induced lower Z -score-AUC14:00→23:00 (P =.015). Z -scores-AUC14:00→16:00 ≥.619 best predicted questionnaire scores. Conclusions None of the GRTs mimics normal glucocorticoid rhythmicity and exposure. SalE, SalF, and Z -score may be useful markers for monitoring and comparing different GRTs. Excess glucocorticoid in early afternoon best associated with depressive symptoms and worse life and sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We explore and exploit the relation between non-planar correlators in N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills, and higher-genus closed string amplitudes in type IIB string theory. By conformal field theory techniques we construct the genus-one, four-point string amplitude in AdS5 × S 5 in the low-energy expansion, dual to an N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills correlator in the ’t Hooft limit at order 1/c 2 in a strong coupling expansion. In the flat space limit, this maps onto the genus-one, four-point scattering amplitude for type II closed strings in ten dimensions. Using this approach we reproduce several results obtained via string perturbation theory. We also demonstrate a novel mechanism to fix subleading terms in the flat space limit of AdS amplitudes by using string/M-theory.

Abstract We propose a method to analytically solve the bootstrap equation for two point functions in boundary CFT. We consider the analytic structure of the correlator in Lorentzian signature and in particular the discontinuity of bulk and boundary conformal blocks to extract CFT data. As an application, the correlator 〈ϕϕ〉 in ϕ 4 theory at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point is computed to order ϵ 2 in the ϵ expansion.

Abstract Three-dimensional Chern-Simons vector models display an approximate higher spin symmetry in the large N limit. Their single-trace operators consist of a tower of weakly broken currents, as well as a scalar σ of approximate twist 1 or 2. We study the consequences of crossing symmetry for the four-point correlator of σ in a 1/N expansion, using analytic bootstrap techniques. To order 1/N we show that crossing symmetry fixes the contribution from the tower of currents, providing an alternative derivation of well-known results by Maldacena and Zhiboedov. When σ has twist 1 its OPE receives a contribution from the exchange of σ itself with an arbitrary coefficient, due to the existence of a marginal sextic coupling. We develop the machinery to determine the corrections to the OPE data of double-trace operators due to this, and to similar exchanges. This in turns allows us to fix completely the correlator up to three known truncated solutions to crossing. We then proceed to study the problem to order 1/N 2. We find that crossing implies the appearance of odd-twist double-trace operators, and calculate their OPE coefficients in a large spin expansion. Also, surprisingly, crossing at order 1/N 2, implies non-trivial O(1/N) anomalous dimensions for even-twist double-trace operators, even though such contributions do not appear in the four-point function at order 1/N (in the case where there is no scalar exchange). We argue that this phenomenon arises due to operator mixing. Finally, we analyse the bosonic vector model with a sextic coupling without gauge interactions, and determine the order 1/N 2 corrections to the dimensions of twist-2 double-trace operators.

The effects of increasing doses of three exogenous enzymes preparations with fibrolytic activity (FIB - 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg mL-1liquid volume incubated), amylolytic activity (AMZ - 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL-1liquid volume incubated), and proteolytic activity (PRO - 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg mL-1 liquid volume incubated ) on gas production (GP), kinetic parameters, and fermentation profile of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu were evaluated using the in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal liquid was obtained from two rumen-cannulated Santa Inês sheep maintained on pasture. Accumulated gas production was measured during 96 hours of incubation, measured at 18 different time points. The determined parameters were pH, asymptotic gas production (mL g-1), rate of gas production (h-1), lag time (h), organic matter digestibility (OMD, g g-1 DM), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ kg-1 DM), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, mg g-1 DM). Increasing the FIB dose linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production. However, the rate of gas production and the lag time showed linear decreases (P < 0.05). Addition of FIB also linearly increased (P < 0.05) the GP at all incubation times, as well as the OMD, NDFD and ME. Addition of AMZ linearly increased (P < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production, but GP linear increased (P < 0.05) only at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The rate of gas production and the lag time decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to increasing AMZ addition. Inclusion of PRO did not affect (P > 0.05) asymptotic gas production, but there was quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the rate of gas production, the lag time, and the GP at the 6-hour and 12-hour time points. The OMD, NDFD and ME were not affected by PRO addition. Thus, fibrolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes are effective in reducing the lag time and increasing the in vitro gas production from Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu forage, and fibrolytic enzymes improve the in vitro fermentation profile.

Abstract We consider higher spin operators in weakly coupled gauge conformal field theories. Crossing symmetry of mixed scalar correlators relates different higher spin towers and we study the consequences for the spectrum and structure constants of higher spin operators of different twists. Constraints are obtained to all loops in perturbation theory. The large spin contributions to the structure constants can be resummed into a theory-dependent prefactor times a universal factor, whose structure of poles agrees with the one that would be obtained from a Witten diagram supergravity computation, although only crossing symmetry is assumed. Finally, our results provide an all loop expression for the double null limit of mixed correlators, which is in perfect agreement with the correlator/Wilson loop correspondence.

We reviewed the recent developments in the study of conformal field theories in generic space time dimensions using the methods of the conformal bootstrap, in its analytic aspect. These techniques are solely based on symmetries, particularly on the analytic structure and in the associativity of the operator product expansion. We focused on two applications of the analytic conformal bootstrap: the study of the ϵ expansion of the Wilson–Fisher model via the introduction of a dispersion relation and the large N expansion of the maximally supersymmetric Super Yang–Mills theory in four dimensions.

Abstract Motivated by AdS/CFT, we address the following outstanding question in large N conformal field theory: given the appearance of a single-trace operator in the O × O $$ \mathcal{O}\times \mathcal{O} $$ OPE of a scalar primary O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ , what is its total contribution to the vacuum four-point function OOOO $$ \left\langle \mathcal{OOOO}\right\rangle $$ as dictated by crossing symmetry? We solve this problem in 4d conformal field theories at leading order in 1/N. Viewed holographically, this provides a field theory reconstruction of crossing-symmetric, four-point exchange amplitudes in AdS5. Our solution takes the form of a resummation of the large spin solution to the crossing equations, supplemented by corrections at finite spin, required by crossing. The method can be applied to the exchange of operators of arbitrary twist τ and spin s, although it vastly simplifies for even-integer twist, where we give explicit results. The output is the set of OPE data for the exchange of all double-trace operators O O n , ℓ $$ {\left[\mathcal{O}\mathcal{O}\right]}_{n,\ell } $$ . We find that the double-trace anomalous dimensions γ n,ℓ are negative, monotonic and convex functions of ℓ, for all n and all ℓ > s. This constitutes a holographic signature of bulk causality and classical dynamics of even-spin fields. We also find that the “derivative relation” between double-trace anomalous dimensions and OPE coefficients does not hold in general, and derive the explicit form of the deviation in several cases. Finally, we study large n limits of γ n,ℓ, relevant for the Regge and bulk-point regimes.

Abstract We propose and demonstrate a new use for conformal field theory (CFT) crossing equations in the context of AdS/CFT: the computation of loop amplitudes in AdS, dual to non-planar correlators in holographic CFTs. Loops in AdS are largely unexplored, mostly due to technical difficulties in direct calculations. We revisit this problem, and the dual 1/N expansion of CFTs, in two independent ways. The first is to show how to explicitly solve the crossing equations to the first subleading order in 1/N 2, given a leading order solution. This is done as a systematic expansion in inverse powers of the spin, to all orders. These expansions can be resummed, leading to the CFT data for finite values of the spin. Our second approach involves Mellin space. We show how the polar part of the four-point, loop-level Mellin amplitudes can be fully reconstructed from the leading-order data. The anomalous dimensions computed with both methods agree. In the case of ϕ 4 theory in AdS, our crossing solution reproduces a previous computation of the one-loop bubble diagram. We can go further, deriving the four-point scalar triangle diagram in AdS, which had never been computed. In the process, we show how to analytically derive anomalous dimensions from Mellin amplitudes with an infinite series of poles, and discuss applications to more complicated cases such as the N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory.

Abstract We consider the four-point correlator of the stress tensor multiplet in N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM in the limit of large central charge c ∼ N 2. For finite values of g 2 N single-trace intermediate operators arise at order 1/c and this leads to specific poles in the Mellin representation of the correlator. The sign of the residue at these poles is fixed by unitarity. We consider solutions consistent with crossing symmetry and this pole structure. We show that in a certain regime all solutions result in a negative contribution to the anomalous dimension of twist four operators. The reason behind this is a positivity property of Mack polynomials that leads to a positivity condition for the Mellin amplitude. This positivity condition can also be proven by assuming the correct Regge behaviour for the Mellin amplitude. For large g 2 N we recover a tower of solutions in one to one correspondence with local interactions in a effective field theory in the AdS bulk, with the appropriate suppression factors, and with definite overall signs. These signs agree with the signs that would follow from causality constraints on the effective field theory. The positivity constraints arising from CFT for the Mellin amplitude take a very similar form to the causality constraint for the forward limit of the S-matrix.

Avaliou-se os efeitos de doses crescentes de três enzimas exógenas: fibrolíticas (FIB), 0; 0,6; 1,2; 1,8 e 2,4 mg mL-1 volume de líquido incubado; amilolíticas (AMZ), 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg mL-1 volume de líquido incubado, proteolíticas (PRO), 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg mL-1 volume de líquido incubado, sobre a produção de gases (PG), parâmetros cinéticos e perfil da fermentação da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu usando a técnica in vitro de produção de gases. O líquido ruminal foi obtido de dois ovinos Santa Inês canulados no rúmen, mantidos em regime de pastejo. A produção de gases acumulada foi obtida durante 96h00 de incubação, mensurada em 18 tempos. Ao final da incubação foram determinados o pH, produção de gás assintótica (mL g-1), taxa de degradação fracional (h-1), lag time (h), digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DMO, g/g MS incubada por 24h00), energia metabolizável (EM, MJ kg-1 MS) e a digestibilidade da fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (DFDN, mg g-1 MS). As doses de FIB aumentaram linearmente (P < 0,05) a produção de gases assintótica. Entretanto, a taxa de degradação fracional e lag time reduziram linearmente (P < 0,05). A adição de FIB também aumentou linearmente (P < 0,05) a PG em todos os tempos de incubação, DMO, DFDN e EM. A inclusão de AMZ aumentou linearmente (P < 0,05) a produção de gases assintótica, e a PG somente nos tempos 6 e 12 horas após a incubação. A taxa de degradação fracional e lag time reduziu linearmente (P < 0,05) com a inclusão de AMZ. A inclusão de PRO não modificou (P > 0,05) a produção de gás assintótica, mas promoveu efeito quadrático (P < 0,05) na taxa de degradação fracional, lag time, e PG nos tempos 6 e 12. No entanto, PRO não afetou DMO, DFDN e EM. As enzimas fibrolíticas, amilolíticas e proteolíticas são efetivas em reduzir o lag time e aumentar a produção de gases in vitro da Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu, e as enzimas fibrolíticas melhoram o perfil da fermentação in vitro.