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Mixing within micro- and millichannels is a pivotal element across various applications, ranging from chemical synthesis to biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The inherent low Reynolds number flow in these channels often results in a parabolic velocity profile, leading to a broad residence time distribution. Achieving efficient mixing at such small scales presents unique challenges and opportunities. This review encompasses various techniques and strategies to evaluate and enhance mixing efficiency in these confined environments. It explores the significance of mixing in micro- and millichannels, highlighting its relevance for enhanced reaction kinetics, homogeneity in mixed fluids, and analytical accuracy. We discuss various mixing methodologies that have been employed to get a narrower residence time distribution. The role of channel geometry, flow conditions, and mixing mechanisms in influencing the mixing performance are also discussed. Various emerging technologies and advancements in microfluidic devices and tools specifically designed to enhance mixing efficiency are highlighted. We emphasize the potential applications of micro- and millichannels in fields of nanoparticle synthesis, which can be utilized for biological applications. Additionally, the prospects of machine learning and artificial intelligence are offered toward incorporating better mixing to achieve precise control over nanoparticle synthesis, ultimately enhancing the potential for applications in these miniature fluidic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective dissemination is crucial if innovation and development in teaching and learning in higher education are to lead to sustainable changes in practice. In 2003, King used an agricultural metaphor to challenge innovators to understand the purposes behind their dissemination aims. Similar to the way that seed can be spread, one could choose to widely scatter the information, and hope it grows wherever it lands; one could actively direct the scattering; or one could nurture and propagate future adoption in an ongoing manner. A recent investigation into dissemination strategies used in Australian teaching and learning innovation grants shows that certain dissemination strategies might make the ground more fertile and receptive to the seeds sown. To those engaged in funded projects grappling with translating project outputs and outcomes to sustainable changes in practice, this paper offers a framework and tools designed to help prepare the soil and cultivate change.

Effective dissemination is crucial if innovation and development in teaching and learning in higher education are to lead to sustainable changes in practice. In 2003, King used an agricultural metaphor to challenge innovators to understand the purposes behind their dissemination aims. Similar to the way that seed can be spread, one could choose to widely scatter the information, and hope it grows wherever it lands; one could actively direct the scattering; or one could nurture and propagate future adoption in an ongoing manner. A recent investigation into dissemination strategies used in Australian teaching and learning innovation grants shows that certain dissemination strategies might make the ground more fertile and receptive to the seeds sown. To those engaged in funded projects grappling with translating project outputs and outcomes to sustainable changes in practice, this paper offers a framework and tools designed to help prepare the soil and cultivate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to describe the obstacles and solutions in developing and implementing a prospective obstetric database registry that collects biopsychosocial data on women during pregnancy and postpartum. The clinical goals of the registry were to improve both diagnosis of mental health and substance use problems and access to mental health care during pregnancy. The research goals were to examine the impact of psychiatric illness and substance use on birth outcomes. Study Setting and Registry Design: A questionnaire that contained validated instruments for mental health, substance use and psychosocial stressors was developed and administered to all pregnant women in an academic medical center obstetric clinic. Results were incorporated with reminder and decision support systems to ensure active follow-up of patients with mental health needs. Automated medical record information was collected for future analysis of outcomes. Program Implementation: Barriers to program implementation were overcome by a multifaceted intervention that included educational outreach to patients, providers and staff; integration of the registry into preexisting clinical protocols; reminder systems at workstations; provision of mental health decision support through perinatal social work and psychiatric consultation; and utilization of a “stepped-care” model to delivering mental health services. Conclusion: A mental health registry that merges clinical and research needs can be successfully integrated into the obstetric clinic setting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]