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DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6  ×  6  ×  6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

In liquid argon time projection chambers exposed to neutrino beams and running on or near surface levels, cosmic muons, and other cosmic particles are incident on the detectors while a single neutrino-induced event is being recorded. In practice, this means that data from surface liquid argon time projection chambers will be dominated by cosmic particles, both as a source of event triggers and as the majority of the particle count in true neutrino-triggered events. In this work, we demonstrate a novel application of deep learning techniques to remove these background particles by applying deep learning on full detector images from the SBND detector, the near detector in the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino Program. We use this technique to identify, on a pixel-by-pixel level, whether recorded activity originated from cosmic particles or neutrino interactions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Acciarri, Adams, Andreopoulos, Asaadi, Babicz, Backhouse, Badgett, Bagby, Barker, Basque, Bazetto, Betancourt, Bhanderi, Bhat, Bonifazi, Brailsford, Brandt, Brooks, Carneiro, Chen, Chen, Chisnall, Crespo-Anadón, Cristaldo, Cuesta, de Icaza Astiz, De Roeck, de Sá Pereira, Del Tutto, Di Benedetto, Ereditato, Evans, Ezeribe, Fitzpatrick, Fleming, Foreman, Franco, Furic, Furmanski, Gao, Garcia-Gamez, Frandini, Ge, Gil-Botella, Gollapinni, Goodwin, Green, Griffith, Guenette, Guzowski, Ham, Henzerling, Holin, Howard, Jones, Kalra, Karagiorgi, Kashur, Ketchum, Kim, Kudryavtsev, Larkin, Lay, Lepetic, Littlejohn, Louis, Machado, Malek, Mardsen, Mariani, Marinho, Mastbaum, Mavrokoridis, McConkey, Meddage, Méndez, Mettler, Mistry, Mogan, Molina, Mooney, Mora, Moura, Mousseau, Navrer-Agasson, Nicolas-Arnaldos, Nowak, Palamara, Pandey, Pater, Paulucci, Pimentel, Psihas, Putnam, Qian, Raguzin, Ray, Reggiani-Guzzo, Rivera, Roda, Ross-Lonergan, Scanavini, Scarff, Schmitz, Schukraft, Segreto, Soares Nunes, Soderberg, Söldner-Rembold, Spitz, Spooner, Stancari, Stenico, Szelc, Tang, Tena Vidal, Torretta, Toups, Touramanis, Tripathi, Tufanli, Tyley, Valdiviesso, Worcester, Worcester, Yarbrough, Yu, Zamorano, Zennamo and Zglam.)