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Copyright of Czech Urology / Ceska Urologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To evaluate the experience with imaging children using photon-counting CT and to point out the basic procedures how to use the method in diagnosing diseases in childhood. Method: Over a period of 22 months, we performed a total of 209 examinations of children using a CT system with a photon-counting detector (Naeotom Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany). Results: The most frequent indication in imaging was examination of the skeleton of the limbs in 64 cases, chest with a focus on pulmonary parenchyma in 56 cases, examination of the abdomen in 32 cases. Examinations of children over 6 years of age (144 times) were indicated more often than in younger children (65 times). Up to six years of age, children's protocols adjusted to the given age and weight category were also used almost exclusively, while in children over 6 years of age, imaging by modified protocols began to predominate. In addition to skeletal imaging, children are dominated by the use of 70 kV protocols, which allowed for effective dose reduction and also have the highest effect of iodine attenuation when contrast medium was administered. The spectral method of imaging was used mainly in skeletal imaging. Conclusion: Photon-counting CT is an imaging method that can take advantage of the advantages of high resolution and increased detection capabilities to increase image quality while reducing the dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that were crucial for the construction of administrative buildings in the regional capitals of the Czech Republic are subject to examination in this article. One primary question is whether the development of office construction reflects the qualitative importance of the cities, or whether there are some other regularities in the spatial distribution of construction. To identify the key factors, controlled interviews with experts professionally involved in the construction of administrative buildings were carried out, and these data were then extended as part of a large-scale questionnaire survey with other experts on the issue. The results have confirmed the dominant position of the capital city of Prague in terms of its qualitative importance, as the remaining regional capitals have less than one-tenth of the volume of modern office building areas. The greatest differences in the construction of administrative buildings have been noted in Brno and Ostrava, despite the fact that they exhibit similar characteristics when considered in the light of respondent-determined factors.

Background: Castleman's disease is an extremely rare heterogenous lymphoproliferative pathology with a mostly benign behavior. It is a localized or generalized lymph node enlargement of an unknown aetiology. Unicentric form is typically a slow-growing solitary mass occurring mostly in the mediastinum, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, pelvis and neck. Aetiology and pathogenesis of CD is probably diverse, varying in different types of this heterogeneous disease. Materials and Methods: Authors present a review of this issue based on their extensive experience. The aim is to summarize the crucial factors in the management of diagnostics and a surgical treatment of the unicentric form of Castleman's disease. One of the key issues in the unicentric form is precise preoperative diagnostics and thus choosing the right surgical treatment strategy. Authors highlight pitfalls of the diagnosis and surgical treatment. Results: All histological types such as a hyaline vascular type, plasmacytic type and a mixed type are presented as well as options of surgical and conservative treatment. Differential diagnosis and malignant potential is discussed. Conclusion: Patients with Castleman's disease should be treated in the highvolume centers, with a great experience in major surgical procedures as well as with preoperative imaging diagnostic techniques. Specialized pathologists and oncologists focusing on this issue are also absolutely necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. Only this complex approach can lead to excellent outcomes in patients with UCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual comparison of different image sets is a common part of a radiologist's work, however, performing the so-called „side-by-side" reading in two windows or even monitors is very time and attention and risky for mistakes. The article presents instructions and examples using MR and CT image fusions in the common practice of a radiologist, where these procedures mean a significant benefit in diagnostics and also fundamentally contribute to the presentation of the identified changes. Current software tools allow its very simple implementation in the routine work of a radiologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) in the oral cavity is a rare variant of blistering pemphigus disease closely associated with mostly malignant tumors. The diagnosis may even precede an underlying malignancy enabling early detection. Here, we describe a previously unreported case of PNP associated with HPV-related tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Methods and Results. A 50-year-old woman was referred to a dentist because of painful oral lesions resembling aphthae major and minor. Later, blisters appeared and an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed an unusual coexistence of subepithelial and intraepithelial blisters raising suspicion of paraneoplastic pemphigus. The patient underwent 18F-FDG PET/MRI, showing a metabolically active process in the left palatal tonsil. Diagnostic biopsy revealed HPV type 16 associated tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. A left tonsillectomy with elective left-sided neck dissection was performed. The postoperative period was complicated by bilateral fluidothorax. Two weeks after radical tumor removal, the mucosal and skin lesions of PNP disappeared. The patient currently shows no evidence of recurrence either of malignancy or PNP eight months after the surgery. Conclusion. PNP is a rare autoimmune blistering disease characterized by polymorphous cutaneous and mucosal lesions associated with internal neoplasms including HPV associated squamous cell carcinoma of a tonsil. In order to identify an occult malignancy, a whole-body PET/CT or PET/MRI scan is recommended. Rarely, accurate patient management may depend on the dentist being familiar with this entity and on interdisciplinary cooperation involving dermatologist, radiologist, pathologist, and pneumologist. A strict patient follow-up is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) represents an emerging biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We focused on the combination of ctDNA and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the follow-up monitoring of advanced-stage NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Eighty-four patients were enrolled in this study. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and ctDNA assessments were performed at baseline and after two cycles of chemotherapy (follow-up). Results: There was a correlation of ctDNA with metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and iodine concentration (IC) at baseline (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.003) and at follow-up (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.001). The objective response was associated with follow-up ctDNA (p<0.001) and the change of all PET/CT parameters. ROC analyses showed that the combination of follow-up ctDNA with changes in SUVmax is very promising for the estimation of objective response and progression-free survival. Conclusion: The combination of ctDNA assessment with PET/CT is a promising approach for the follow-up monitoring of therapy response and prognosis estimation of advanced-stage NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CT examination is a completely routine examination in clinical medical practice, but its benefits have long been used for forensic purposes. Performing targeted post-mortem CT scans (PM-CT) certainly requires a specific approach, but its availability is much better than in the past. The article describes our experience from the systematic implementation of PM-CT in the years 2016-2020. The methodical part presents the basic technical aspects of logistics and scanning techniques together with the approach to evaluation. The following are the numbers of examinations divided according to various parameters, especially the specific indications. The discussion summarizes the possible benefits of PM-CT as well as examples describing the importance of PM-CT in specific indications. From the above experience, it is clear that PM-CT can be a beneficial part of the classic forensic autopsy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is growing attention to paradoxic embolism in association with ischemic stroke in recent times. It can be perceived as a fashion trend but inclination towards this unusual clinical unit has its fairly strong basis in accindental autopsy findings in adults, even for different reasons then association with significant arterial embolism. Current high standard of imaging methods for sure contributes in fast and accurate diagnostics but on the other hand, the knowledge of imaging methods and clinical symptoms is a need from indicating physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the extent of the lung involvement hospitalized at the non-intensive care unit and intensive care unit using the analysis assisted by the artificial intelligence. Method: The retrospective analysis of the sample of 50 patients, who underwent chest CT indicated due to the suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed by the confirmation of the diagnosis by the PCR test. The patients were investigated during spring wave of the epidemic between March and April 2020. The sample was split into two groups hospitalized at the non- ICU (31 pt.) and ICU (19 pt.). We analyzed the data in these patients using software prototype Interactive CT Pneumonia Analysis provided by Siemens Heathineers. The percentage of the consolidation and ground glass opacities were quantified in lobes and lungs. Results: The mean percentage of the opacities related to the whole volume of lungs in patients hospitalized in ICU was 31.56%, 11.25 in patients in non-ICU respectively; the consolidation was affected 5.2% in ICU group, 2.09% in non-ICU group. Domination of right lower lobe was in 39.17% in ICU patients, 18.65% in group of non-ICU patients. Conclusion: The assessment of the lung parenchyma load using lung infection AS assisted analysis enabling the quantification of the affected volume, makes possible to score the patients and making the parametric staging, it allows to estimate the need of intensive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Urology / Ceska Urologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2019, the EPMA celebrated its 10th anniversary at the 5th World Congress in Pilsen, Czech Republic. The history of the International Professional Network dedicated to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM / 3PM) is rich in achievements. Facing the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic it is getting evident globally that the predictive approach, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services is the optimal paradigm in healthcare demonstrating the high potential to save lives and to benefit the society as a whole. The EPMA World Congress Supplement 2020 highlights advances in 3P medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strahlentherapie und Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To analyze variability of intracranial circulation and to design optimization of protocol for patients with acute ischemic stroke and to verify feasibility of new protocol. Method: The test group of 46 patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke, which underwent perfusion CT of the brain and CT angiography, was retrospectively assessed. CT angiography did not prove significant stenosis or occlusion of arteries. By these patients, time of intracranial circulation in arteries and veins was analyzed. Based on this analysis, adjustment of length and timing of perfusion CT of the brain was established with the help of test bolus technique of contrast agent. Two groups of patients were examined according to optimized protocols (20 repeated scans, one scan within 1.5 seconds, whole brain was covered) with different voltage on X-ray tube (80 kV and 70 kV). Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were assessed as standard indicators of dose. Results: All examinations were evaluated as adequate from the point of view of diagnostic quality of examination. Only one examination in the optimized protocol with 70 kV was not evaluable. CT dose index and dose length product were reduced in both optimized perfusion CT protocols. Mean value of CTDIvol and DLP was 130.37 mGy and 2068.17 mGy - cm in the test group. Mean value of CTDIvol and DLP was 85.64 mGy and 1326.44 mGy - cm in the optimized protocol and 50.57 mGy and 783.42 mGy - cm in the optimized protocol with voltage reduced to 70 kV. Conclusion: Optimization of start and reduction of length of perfusion CT of the brain is possible based on test bolus technique of contrast agent. It is possible to significantly reduce dose with the help of low voltage protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has an important role in detection and differential diagnosis of the myocardial amyloidosis versus hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but especially in differential diagnosis of both types of amyloid deposits in the heart muscle -- transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) and light chain amyloidosis (AL). Because of the most specific test to detect ATTR is scintigraphy, the transmural gradient and gradient apex to base of deposits evaluations are challenging in CMR, the imaging of the involvement in right ventricle and in atria is other important roles of CMR. The imaging techniques of CMR suitable in cardiac amyloidosis assessment are late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an effective and widely accessible treatment for patients with advanced, drug-refractory heart failure. It has been shown to reverse maladaptive ventricular remodeling, increase exercise capacity, and lower hospitalization and mortality rates. However, there still exists a considerable proportion of patients who do not respond favorably to the therapy. Tailored left ventricular (LV) lead positioning instead of empiric implantation is thought to have the greatest potential to increase response rates. In our paper, we focus on the rationale for guided LV lead implantation and provide a review of the non-invasive imaging modalities applicable for navigation during LV lead implantation, with special attention to the latest achievements in the field of multimodality imaging and image fusion techniques. Current limitations and future perspectives of the concept are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]