Search

The present work deals with the synthesis of lab-made carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CHI) based co-polymer cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLU) which is used as immobilization matrix for the immobilization of Candida rugosa (CRL) lipase (CMC:CHI:GLU:CRL). This immobilized biocatalyst was subjected to characterization such as lipase-activity, kinetic-parameters, water-content, surface-texture, stability and half-life time etc. Effect of various ultrasound parameters (power, frequency, duty cycle, exposure time) on lipase activity is also tested which indicated that, developed biocatalyst has significant activity-stability and half-life-time in ultrasonicated medium. Further, this biocatalyst was applied to synthesize biomass-derived furfuryl derivative which offering excellent conversion of 99 % of bio-based furfuryl ester. The synthetic protocol is optimized in detail (with twelve reaction parameters) under ultrasonicated medium. Recyclability study offered 68 % conversion of the furfuryl ester after sixth reuse. Moreover, the developed protocol is well extended to synthesize various commercially important compounds. Besides this, we investigated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, ΔS*) which demonstrating more feasibility of biocatalytic synthesis in ultrasonicated medium than conventional medium. Finally, green metrics evaluation parameters (E-factor, carbon-efficiency and mass-intensity) are studied which indicating efficient synergetic role of immobilized CMC:CHI:GLU:CRL lipase biocatalysis and ultrasonication in green and sustainable synthesis., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aim: The pandemic COVID-19 occurring due to novel emerging coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is severely affecting the worldwide public health, culture, economy and human social behaviour. Till date, there is no approved medicine/treatment to cure COVID-19, whereas, vaccine development efforts are going on high priority. This review aimed to provide an overview of prior art, recent advances, vaccine designing strategies, current scenario, opportunities and challenges related to development of coronavirus vaccine., Method: A literature survey was conducted using Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar with the search key as: coronavirus vaccine, SARS vaccine, MERS vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. Articles related to above search query were retrieved, sorted, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review., Results: The genome phylogenetic analysis suggested that genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is almost 80% similar to that of SARS-CoV, further both these viruses bind to same host cell receptor ACE-2. Hence it is expected that, previously available literature data about coronavirus vaccine designing may play crucial role in development of rapid vaccine against COVID-19. In view of this, the present review discuss (i) existing information (from 2003 to present) about the type of vaccine, antigen, immunogenic response, animal model, route of administration, adjuvants and current scenario for designing of coronavirus vaccine (ii) potential factors and challenges related to rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine., Conclusion: In conclusion, we discuss possible clues/ target sites for designing of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus based on prior-art., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On the behalf of all authors, I corresponding author confirms that there is no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The present work reports covalent immobilization of steapsin lipase (SL) on Immobead-350 support matrix (IMB) to make a robust biocatalytic system to work under supercritical carbon dioxide condition (Sc-CO 2 ). The developed biocatalyst (IMB:SL) was characterized in details and utilized to convert waste cooking sunflower oil (WCSO) into value-added energy chemical (biodiesel) in Sc-CO 2 . All reaction process parameters were optimized in detail which offered 86.33% yield of biodiesel from WCSO. The developed Sc-CO 2 protocol is compared with the solvent-free conventional synthesis, which indicates almost twofold higher yield of biodiesel in Sc-CO 2 media as compared to solvent-free condition. To extend the scope, we have tested fresh and waste cooking oils (WCO) from various sources, offering 81-94% yield of biodiesel. The biocatalyst activity was investigated in various parameters of supercritical condition to know the biocatalyst stability in Sc-CO 2 . Besides this, IMB:SL biocatalyst was effectively reused up to five recycle.

The present work deals with the designing of biocompatible hybrid blend of cellulosic copolymers made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HMC) and chitosan (CHI) for immobilization of Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML), in order to construct the robust biocatalytic system to synthesize industrially important dodecanoate compounds (fatty acid esters). The present biocatalyst HMC:CHI:RML was characterized in detail by various physical and biochemical methods and subsequently applied for the synthesis of fatty acid esters. The protocol was optimized in detail with kinetic parameters which provides excellent % conversion, and further we have synthesized fifteen industrially important compounds which have wide potential for commercial applications. The immobilized lipase HMC:CHI:RML offered four- to eightfold higher conversion and biocatalytic activity as compared to crude lipase. Besides this, recyclability study was also performed to assess economic and industrial viability.