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1 Une critique liminaire de la théorie des contrats 2 La voie dialogique à titre de possible ré-humanisation du lien contractuel 3 L'altérité, le fait social et le contrat 4 [...], Nous présentons ici la première des trois étapes d'un projet de recherche portant sur l'élaboration d'une théorie contractuelle renouvelée fondée sur une interprétation dialogique du contrat. Dans le premier texte, qui paraît ici, les auteurs cherchent à inscrire le contrat dans une perspective dialogique englobant plusieurs aspects méthodologiques et conceptuels propres à la linguistique et à la théorie littéraire. Le dialogisme, en favorisant la considération de l'altérité intrinsèque au jeu interprétatif qui anime tout contrat, se présente comme une avenue théorique stimulante pour contrer la réification contemporaine des contractants. À titre d'approche interprétative, il peut permettre de faire place à deux individus socialisés et pleinement personnifiés. En considérant l'entente contractuelle non plus comme un bien économique produit à grande échelle et porteur du discours monologique démultiplié, mais bien comme une norme juridique privée inévitablement appropriée par les deux contractants, les auteurs veulent repositionner l'interprétation des contrats au sein même du volontarisme. Par l'intermédiaire du dialogisme, chaque contractant peut inscrire sa pleine capacité juridique dans le processus normatif. D'entité abstraite dépourvue de complexité, le contractant deviendrait véritable acteur dans l'élaboration et la compréhension de l'entente contractuelle. The following paper présents the first of three stages of a research project seeking to develop a renewed theory of contract based upon a dialogical interpretation of the act of contracting. The authors attempt to frame the contract within a dialogical perspective that draws together several methodological and conceptual considerations found in linguistics and literary theory. By favouring consideration of the intrinsic "otherness" found in the interpretative exchange that forms the substance of any contract, dialogism comes to the fore as a stimulating theoretical approach to counter contemporary reifying of contracting parties. As an interpretative approach, this makes it possible to deal with two individuals, socialized and fully personified. By no longer considering a contractual meeting of the minds as a mass-produced economic commodity grounded in multiparous monological discourse, but indeed as a private legal bond inevitably appropriated by both contracting parties, the authors want to resituate the interpretation of contracts within the bounds of voluntarism. As such, dialogical discourse becomes the medium allowing each contracting party to root their full legal capacity in this normative process. Contracting parties cease to appear as abstract entities devoid of complexity, instead to become dynamic actors in the formulation and understanding of their contractual agreement.

Copyright of Revue Juridique Thémis is the property of Editions Themis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the the social and legal implications of architecture and spatial concepts, focusing on the analysis of the installation work of artists Carey Young, Sophie Calle, and Santiago Sierra. Topics include the artists' use of the idea of legal contracts and the social meaning of space, the works' impact on viewers' perceptions of the museums containing them, and

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents information on the transition of the individualistic view on the theory of contracts to the illustrations on the intersubjective and polyphonic complexities regarding the obligational relationship. The approach includes the concept of polyphony and dialogism Information on the integration of polyphony and dialogism in the private law and contract law is also presented.

An essay is presented on the inter-disciplinarity in the theory of contracts. It further discusses the practice of law and the relation between jurists and the discourses prevailing in the society. It then discusses different multi-disciplinary angles that include linguistics, contemporary arts and literary theory. It also discusses cross-breeding of contract theory with other fields of study which are external to law.

The article provides a comparison of the principal theories of discursive otherness which are relevant to contract analysis in Quebec. It explores the integration of linguistic theory within the legal realm which is used to emphasize its eventual theoretical contribution to contract studies. Examples and illustrative tables are given that links to the principal theories of discursive otherness.

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (sweet flag) collected in the Grondines region, Province of Quebec, was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. Several components were isolated by liquid chromatography and were identified by various NMR experiments such as: ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The major compounds were identified as preisocalamenediol, acorenone, shyobunone, and cryptoacorone. The complete stereochemical structure of cryptoacorone was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the effects of insecticidal soap on the survival, fitness and behavior aphid parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani. Mortality of adult wasps were caused by 17.5 gL of the soap concentration. However, the soap concentration did not have any effect on the survival, growth and fitness of parasitoid immatures and in the number of eggs produced per female parasitoid. Results also showed that aphid parasitoids were likely to accept a lower proportion of the surviving aphids after treatment with insecticidal soap.

Apple trees in an orchard in Quebec, Canada were treated, following label directions, with the fungicide captan (1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) during the 2003 agricultural season. A total of 142 apples from three rows of trees were selected for determination of captan by GC/MS. Individual apples were found to contain captan levels ranging from 16.9 to 6350 ng g-1. Only two individual apple samples exceeded the Canadian maximum residue limit (5000 ng g-1) for captan in apples. Six composite samples, comprising half portions of eight individual apples, were analysed from each of the three experimental rows. Composite samples ranged in concentration from 166 to 2620 ng g-1. The greatest uncertainty associated with the measured concentrations was due to variability among apples rather than the measurement of residue levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE -- The aim of this study was to determine whether premeal pulmonary delivery of rapid-acting, dry-powder insulin (Exubera) plus Uhralente could provide glycemic control comparable to a conventional insulin regimen in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- Three hundred thirty-five subjects were randomly assigned to receive either premeal inhaled insulin plus bedtime Uhralente or two to three injections of regular and NPH insulin for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a change in HbA[sub1c]. RESULTS -- Mean decreases in HbA[sub1c] values were comparable for inhaled (8.1-7.9%) and conventional groups (8.1-7.7%) (adjusted treatment group difference 0.16% [95% CI -0.01 to 0.32]). There were greater reductions for inhaled versus conventional regimen in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (adjusted mean change differences -25.17 and -30.28 mg/dl, respectively [95% CI -43.39 to -6.95 and -54.58 to -5.97, respectively]). Hypoglycemia (events/subject month) was lower for the inhaled (8.6) versus the conventional (9.0) group (risk ratio, 0.96 [95% CI 0.93-0.99]). In subjects receiving inhaled insulin, increased insulin antibody levels were observed, but there were no associated clinical or laboratory changes. Adverse events were comparable between groups. Mild to moderate cough was more frequent in the inhaled insulin group (27 vs. 5%) but decreased during the treatment. Pulmonary function tests were not different between the groups except for a greater decrease in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in the inhaled insulin group. Treatment satisfaction was greater in the inhaled than in the conventional group. CONCLUSIONS -- Inhaled insulin is effective, well tolerated, and well accepted in patients with type 1 diabetes and provides glycemic control comparable to that with a conventional insulin regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the literature, azadirachtin is the major component with insecticidal effect in neem extract, Azadirachta indica. However, other components in the extract can affect its insecticidal potency. A bioassay was developed to determine the insecticidal effect of neem extracts in comparison to a reference product. The bioassay was carried out using drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster) larvae placed on a diet containing various concentrations of BioNEEM® (Safer). After 14 days, the percentage of emergence was calculated to obtain an emergence curve as a function of azadirachtin concentration. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analyses were performed on BioNEEM® and other neem extracts to allow a comparison between the results obtained with the bioassay and the quantity of azadirachtin in the extract. No relation between the quantity of azadirachtin and insecticidal effect was found. These results emphasize the importance of evaluating the total insecticidal activity of neem extracts and not only their concentration in azadirachtin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1986 strawberry plots were treated with dimethoate, malathion, permethrin and cypermethrin at 80% bloom of primary flowers. In 1987 the plots were sprayed with dimethoate, malathion and permethrin at 30% bloom. Residue analysis of these insecticides on the flowers were analyzed using solvent extraction and gas liquid chromatography. Residue analysis at 0 to 18 days on flowers and fruit showed an exponential decrease. Organophosphates tended to degrade more quickly than synthetic pyrethroids. The results are discussed in the context of an integrated pest management program. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

OBJECTIVE -- To compare the effects of a eucaloric diet higher in carbohydrate/lower in fat versus lower in carbohydrate/higher in monounsaturated fat on postmeal triglyceride (TG) concentrations and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in nonobese subjects with type 1 diabetes and in good glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- In a parallel group design study, 30 subjects were randomly assigned and completed one of the two eucaloric diets. Assessments included: BMI, blood pressure, A1C, plasma lipids, and markers of oxidation, thrombosis, and inflammation. At 6 months, subjects were hospitalized for 24 h to measure plasma TG excursions. RESULTS-- There were no significant differences between groups other than decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels and weight gain in the lower-carbohydrate/ higher-monounsaturated fat group. During the 24-h testing, the lower-carbohydrate/higher-monounsaturated fat group had a lower plasma TG profile. CONCLUSIONS -- A diet lower in carbohydrate/higher in monounsaturated fat could offer an appropriate choice for nonobese type 1 diabetic individuals with good metabolic and weight control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Obesity is a chronic disease with a significant and growing impact on Canadians. The "Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity MaNagement" (ACTION) Study investigated perceptions, attitudes and perceived barriers to obesity management among Canadian people with obesity (PwO), healthcare providers (HCPs) and employers. In this study adult PwO (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, based on self‐reported height/weight), HCPs (physicians and allied HCPs managing PwO) and employers (≥20 employees; offering health insurance), completed online surveys between 3 August and 11 October 2017 in a cross‐sectional design. Survey respondents (N = 2545) included 2000 PwO, 395 HCPs and 150 employers. Obesity was viewed as a "chronic medical condition" by most PwO (60%), HCPs (94%) and employers (71%) and deemed to have a large impact on overall health (74%, 78%, 81%, respectively). Many PwO (74%) believed weight management was their own responsibility. While PwO (55%) reportedly knew how to manage their weight, only 10% reported maintaining ≥10% weight reduction for >1 year. Despite low success rates, the most commonly reported effective long‐term weight loss methods tried and/or recommended were "improvements in eating habits" (PwO 38%; HCP 63%) and "being more active" (PwO 39%; HCP 54%). PwO and HCPs reported very different perceptions of the quality and content of their interaction during obesity management discussions. These findings highlight the communication gaps and misunderstanding between PwO, HCPs and employers. This underscores the importance of, and need for, evidence‐based management of obesity and a collaborative approach and understanding of the complex nature of this chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of air-dried leaves of Annona senegalensis Pers. growing in Burkina Faso was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil was found to contain germacrene D (19.2%), γ-caryophyllene (19.1%), γ-cadinene (11.1%) and α-humulene (9.7%) as major components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils, obtained by steam distillation of air-dried leaves of Vitex diversifolia Bak. (Verbenaceae) growing in Burkina Faso was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three components making up 97% of the oils were identified. The oils were found to contain limonene (74.2%) as major component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, development and reproduction of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were studied. Twenty-four hours after application at a concentration of 37.50 g L-1, the soap caused 100% mortality in all aphid instars, and LC50 (lethal concentrations causing 50% mortality in the population) were 1.50, 3.25 and 5.50 g L-1 for first and second instars, third and fourth instars, and adult M. persicae, respectively. Aphids that survived the LC50 had a shorter longevity than the controls. Both insecticidal soap and parasitoids could be used on a crop but, as the LC50 of the third and fourth instars and adult M. persicae are higher than that of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (2.75 g L-1), it is essential to avoid treating aphids with insecticidal soap when adult parasitoids are present in the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between light levels in the understory of a broadleaf forest and the content of six ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd) in 1- and 2-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) roots. Our results revealed that ginsenoside contents in 1- and 2 year-old roots collected in September were significantly related to direct and total light levels, and duration of sunflecks. At this time, the effect of light levels accounted for up to 48 and 62% of the variation in ginsenoside contents of 1- and 2-year-old American ginseng roots. Also, red (R) and far red (FR) light, and the R:FR ratio significantly affected Rd, Rc, and Rg1 contents in 2-year-old roots, accounting for up to 40% of the variation in ginsenoside contents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Apples were sampled directly from orchard trees at 96, 45, and 21 days postapplication with one of three organophosphate insecticides (azinphos methyl, phosalone, or phosmet, respectively). Individual apples were prepared for analysis following one of three postharvest preparations: no preparation, rinsed with deionized water for 10-15 s, or rinsed and peeled. Azinphos methyl, phosalone, and phosmet concentrations ranged from below the level of detection to 5.26 ng/g, 94.7 to 5720 ng/g, and 0.011 to 663 ng/g in the apples that received no postharvest preparation, respectively. Although rinsed apples had lower maximum concentrations than observed in apples with no preparation, levels were not significantly lower. Concentrations of all three OP insecticides in apples that were rinsed followed by peeling, however, were much lower (below detection limits to 0.733 ng/g, azinphos methyl; 0.322-219 ng/g, phosalone; and below detection limits to 44.0 ng/g, phosmet) than observed in apples that had been rinsed alone. Rinsing and peeling of apples resulted in a 74.5-97.9% reduction in OP residues, while rinsing alone lowered mean concentrations by 13.5-28.7% relative to apples that received no postharvest preparation.

Azinphos-methyl, phosalone, and phosmet were applied individually to separate rows of trees within a commercial apple orchard in Quebec, Canada, during the 2003 agricultural season. Apples were collected for residue analysis immediately prior to the harvesting of the remaining apples for market distribution and were prepared for analysis as both individual apples and as composites of eight individuals. Analysis of the three applied compounds, as well as five organophosphate insecticides that were not applied, was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Azinphos-methyl, phosalone, and phosmet, which were applied, were detected in all samples analyzed at concentrations ranging from 0.004 ng/g to 2260 ng/g. Methidathion was not observed in any sample. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, and malathion concentrations ranged from below method detection limits to 0.71 ng/g, and the detection frequency for these compounds ranged from 20% to 100%. Residues measured in this study were all below the Canadian maximum residue limit for apples. Variability factors ranged from 2 to 19 for all compounds observed in this study. Composite samples may not accurately reflect the extremes of exposure from consumption of single servings of apples.