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A dermoid cyst is an ectodermally differentiated form of teratoma. Its occurrence in the parotid gland is very rare. Such a presentation must be properly evaluated in order to rule out malignancy. We describe the diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of a parotid dermoid cyst in an 18-year-old man. We also review the embryologic pathogenesis of the tumor and the usefulness of the physical examination, preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography in evaluating the extent of the tumor, its histologic features, and its cystic characteristics. Finally, we discuss the role of surgical management in terms of preserving facial nerve integrity and preventing recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine whether systematic review with meta‐analysis supports the use of corticosteroids to reduce postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain, and voice dysfunction after thyroidectomy. Method: A systematic review of currently available randomized controlled trials in EMBASE and PUBMED databases comparing intravenous perioperative corticosteroids with placebo to prevent postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain, or voice dysfunction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. The quality of studies was evaluated and results synthesized using standard random‐effects meta‐analysis methods. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were eligible for review. Dexamethasone reduced the absolute incidence of postoperative nausea at 24h by 18% (95% CI, 2‐8‐27%), P <. 001, and postoperative vomiting at 24h by 27% (95% CI, 13‐40%), P <. 001 in 4 trials with 304 patients. Dexamethasone increased the absolute incidence of complete response (no episodes of nausea or vomiting) to steroids by 30% (95% CI, 7‐52%), P =. 11 in 3 trials with 246 patients. Dexamethasone reduced the absolute VAS score for pain (0‐10 scale) at 24h by 1.32 95% CI (0.49‐2.15), P =. 002 in 3 trials with 232 patients. There was insufficient data to perform meta‐analysis for voice dysfunction. Conclusion: These results argue strongly for routine use of dexamethasone during thyroidectomy because the intervention is safe and only about 2.5 patients need treatment to prevent one episode of postoperative nausea or vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the Modified Brief Fatigue Inventory (MBFI). This is the first instrument designed to measure intensity and frequency of fatigue specifically in head and neck cancer patients, potentially allowing objective measurement in addressing this common symptom in a concise yet thorough fashion. Method: The 9‐item MBFI was administered to 52 consecutive cancer patients and 57 consecutive controls from the outpatient otolaryngology clinic of an academic tertiary medical center. Subject demographics, co‐morbidities, cancer site, and cancer stage were recorded. Psychometric properties and predictors of the MBFI were analyzed. Results: MBFI 1‐week test‐retest reliability was excellent (r = 0.800, P <. 001). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α =. 938). Construct validity of the MBFI compared to the previously validated Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short Form was excellent (r = 0.814, P <. 001). Discriminant validity of cancer versus controls was significant (P =. 027). Predictors of increased MBFI score included 1) American Society of Anesthesiologists (comorbidity) score (bivariate analysis r = 0.287, P =. 039), 2) cancer stage (analysis of variance P =. 007), and 3) adjuvant radiotherapy (t test P =. 016). No significant relationship was found with age, gender, marital status, education, ethnicity, feeding tube, tracheostomy, or laryngectomy. Conclusion: The MBFI is a reliable and valid tool for measuring fatigue levels in head and neck cancer patients. In the context of initial assessment or posttreatment trending, this brief survey can be rapidly administered, providing valuable objective data on a very common and potentially debilitating symptom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral nasal artery pedicled island flap for the reconstruction of moderately sized alar defects is described. By avoiding distortion of lower nasal landmarks through subperichondrial and subperiosteal dissection over the lateral nasal wall and dorsum, we were able to achieve satisfactory results with excellent color, texture, and symmetry matches in three patients over a 2-year period at an academic surgical center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the Modified Brief Fatigue Inventory (MBFI). This is the first instrument designed to measure intensity and frequency of fatigue specifically in head and neck cancer patients, potentially allowing objective measurement in addressing this common symptom in a concise yet thorough fashion., Study Design: Survey validation., Setting: Academic tertiary medical center., Subjects and Methods: The 9-item MBFI was administered to 52 consecutive cancer patients and 57 consecutive controls. Demographics, comorbidities, cancer site, and cancer stage were recorded. Psychometric properties and predictors of the MBFI were analyzed., Results: The MBFI 1-week test-retest reliability was excellent (r = 0.800, P < .001). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.938). Construct validity of the MBFI compared with the previously validated Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form was excellent (r = 0.814, P < .001). Discriminant validity of cancer patients vs controls was significant (P = .027). Predictors of increased MBFI score included American Society of Anesthesiologists (comorbidity) score (bivariate analysis, r = 0.287, P = .039), cancer stage (analysis of variance, P = .007), and adjuvant radiotherapy (t test, P = .016). Cancer stage and comorbidity were further correlated with a multiple regression linear model. No significant relationship was found with age, sex, marital status, education, ethnicity, feeding tube, tracheostomy, or laryngectomy., Conclusion: The MBFI is a reliable and valid tool for measuring fatigue levels in head and neck cancer patients. In the context of initial assessment or posttreatment trending, this brief survey can be rapidly administered, providing valuable objective data on a very common and potentially debilitating symptom.

Objective: Solid silicone augmentation mentoplasty is a common procedure with consistent aesthetic results in properly selected patients. While many plastic surgeons employ the external approach, the intraoral method affords excellent aesthetic outcomes while avoiding an external scar. This is the largest series in the literature describing the midline intraoral incision approach with minimal disruption of soft tissues., Study Design: Case series., Setting: Academic medical center., Subjects and Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients underwent chin augmentation with solid silicone implants between 2004 and 2010. Among these implants, 105 were placed transorally. Eighty-five patients were followed for at least 1 year. Demographic information, indications, patient satisfaction questionnaire results, and complications were recorded., Results: All implants yielded satisfactory results with no displacement, infection, tissue reaction, lower lip incompetence, mental nerve injury, or intraoral implant contamination. Two cases of superficial mucosal irritation at the suture site were observed and resolved without consequence. Symmetry, projection, and overall balance of facial components were excellent. Although all patients were satisfied with the functional and aesthetic results, 20% stated they would like further augmentation. Patients were extremely satisfied with the lack of an external scar., Conclusions: Based on our series, the intraoral technique with a midline incision avoiding disruption of the mentalis muscle is recommended for its ease, simplicity, patient satisfaction, low complication rate, and circumvention of an external scar. The external approach should be considered in cases that require a very large implant.

Objective: To systematically review outcomes of reinnervation techniques for the management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP)., Data Sources: Medline and Cochrane databases for English-language studies published between 1966 and 2009 on the surgical management of UVFP., Review Methods: Studies were excluded if they reported on bilateral vocal fold paralysis, used nonhuman subjects, or did not assess clinical outcomes. Outcomes of interest were visual analysis, acoustic analysis, perceptual analysis, and electromyography., Results: Of 686 initial studies, 14 studies encompassing 329 patients were eligible for analysis. All studies had a case-series design. Of reported patients, 60.2 percent were men, with mean age of 51 years (range, 12-79 years). The most common reinnervation technique was ansa cervicalis-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which was most commonly performed after thyroidectomy (43.5%). Other techniques with reportable outcomes included primary RLN anastomosis, ansa-to-RLN combined with cricothyroid muscle-nerve-muscle pedicle, ansa-to-thyroarytenoid neural implantation, ansa-to-thyroarytenoid neuromuscular pedicle, and hypoglossal-to-RLN. Median postsurgical follow-up was 12 months, and mean time to first signs of reinnervation was 4.5 months (SD 2.9 months). Visual analysis of glottic gap showed the greatest mean improvement with ansa-to-RLN, from 2.25 (SD 0.886) to 0.75 (SD 0.886) mm (P < 0.01). Acoustic analysis showed greatest improvement with neural implantation, with a change in mean phonation time from seven (SD 1.22) to 16 (SD 5.52) seconds (P < 0.01). Perceptual analysis and electromyography demonstrated improvement in all studies., Conclusion: Reinnervation is effective in the management of UVFP, although the specific method may be dictated by anatomical limitations. Prospective studies utilizing uniform and consistent outcome parameters are necessary., (Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

A dermoid cyst is an ectodermally differentiated form of teratoma. Its occurrence in the parotid gland is very rare. Such a presentation must be properly evaluated in order to rule out malignancy. We describe the diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of a parotid dermoid cyst in an 18-year-old man. We also review the embryologic pathogenesis of the tumor and the usefulness of the physical examination, preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography in evaluating the extent of the tumor, its histologic features, and its cystic characteristics. Finally, we discuss the role of surgical management in terms of preserving facial nerve integrity and preventing recurrence.