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Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Apolipoprotein (APO) C3 C3238G and C1100T gene polymorphisms are risk factors for CVD but their relationship with obesity and T2DM in Black Africans has not been fully elucidated. Association of these gene polymorphisms with hypertension and dyslipidemia among obese type 2 diabetics in a Southwest Nigerian population was assessed.One hundred and thirty-eight (138) non-obese diabetics, 107 obese diabetics, 100 obese non-diabetics and 100 control subjects attending metabolic clinic in Osun State Nigeria were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and APOC3 protein were estimated using standard lab procedures. APOC3 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism. Data were analyzed and significant level set at p<0.05. APOC3238G G allele was associated with higher risk of hypertension (OR=2.39, 95%CI=1.03-5.53; p=0.042) in obese diabetics compared to other groups. Highest frequency for hypertension was observed among obese diabetics expressing CC than CG and GG genotypes. GG genotype was associated with dyslipidemia in obese diabetic subjects exhibiting APO C3 C3238G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Homozygous CC genotype showed highest frequency (χ2: 25.515, p<0.05) than other genotypes and was associated with increased atherogenic indices among obese diabetic subjects expressing APO C3 C1100T SNP. APOC3 C1100T gene and polymorphic alleles of the G variant of APOC3 C3238G gene were associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension in obese T2DM individuals, thereby contributing to increased risk of CVD among the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a chronic disease often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Coexistence of diabetes and hypertension have adverse clinical outcomes with micro and macrovascular complications. This study investigates the relationship of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants with occurrence of hypertension in obese type 2 diabetic subjects in Osun State, Nigeria. Four hundred and forty-five participants made up of 138 non-obese diabetics, 107 obese diabetic subjects attending two tertiary Hospitals in Osogbo in addition to 100 obese non-diabetes (positive controls) and 100 non-obese non-diabetes (negative controls) were enrolled in this study. FBS (9.55±0.13 mmol/l) and HbA1c (9.51±0.15 %) showed highest significant increase in obese diabetic subjects compared to other groups. Mean serum MDA was highest among obese diabetics (p<0.05) while least values of superoxide dismutase (121.09±3.10 μ/ml) and catalase (24.97±0.66 pg/ml) were recorded in non-obese diabetics (p<0.05). 21.0% of non-obese diabetics (n=29), 54.2% of obese diabetics (n=58), 45.0% of obese non-diabetic (n=45) and 21% of non-obese non-diabetics (n=21) were hypertensive. Age, sex, marital status, religion and occupation (X²=9.856, 8.405, 22.701, 12.066 and 14.468) respectively were all significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension among obese diabetics. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) showed MDA having the highest cut off point among obese diabetes subject: 0.529 (0.42-0.64 95% CI) with a steep increase in LDL: 0.505(0.40-0.62 95% CI). This study revealed that increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense enzymes are strongly associated with dyslipidemia among obese diabetic subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]