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This study presents an assessment of the Gross Environment Product (GEP) in Uttarakhand, India, evaluating the region's human efforts towards the ecology. Research examines the human efforts being made towards Uttarakhand's air, water, soil, and forest, balancing economic development with environmental sustainability. The GEP equation aggregates diverse environmental indicators to assess ecological efforts being made, showing substantial improvements from 2020 to 2022. Results of the analysis in Uttarakhand shows that Air GEP improved significantly, Soil GEP rose with successful organic farming transitions, Water GEP reflected enhanced conservation efforts, and Forest GEP highlighted effective afforestation measures. The study concludes that strategic sustainable practices can enable ecosystems in Uttarakhand to thrive under human pressures, advocating for the inclusion of GEP in environmental governance for evidence-based decision-making and promoting sustainable development globally. The paper also concludes that though a positive outlook is seen in Uttarakhand GEP but when compared to the pressure on economic activities the efforts needs to increase substantially.

Summary: Macrophages are key innate immune cells involved in multiple biological processes, including peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we describe a protocol for the adoptive cell transfer of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) following sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI). This procedure involves isolating BMDMs from a donor mouse, potentially manipulating them ex vivo, and reintroducing them into an animal following SNCI. Preclinical studies show that BMDMs can infiltrate injured nerves and impact functional recovery, potentially providing a novel therapy for nerve injuries.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jha et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Proteins hold multispectral patterns of different kinds of physicochemical features of amino acids in their structures, which can help understand proteins’ behavior. Here, we propose a method based on the graph-wavelet transform of signals of features of amino acids in protein residue networks derived from their structures to achieve their abstract numerical representations. Such abstract representations of protein structures hand in hand with amino-acid features can be used for different purposes, such as modelling the biophysical property of proteins. Our method outperformed graph-Fourier and convolutional neural-network-based methods in predicting the biophysical properties of proteins. Even though our method does not predict deleterious mutations, it can summarize the effect of an amino acid based on its location and neighbourhood in protein-structure using graph-wavelet to estimate its influence on the biophysical property of proteins. Such an estimate of the influence of amino-acid has the potential to explain the mechanism of the effect of deleterious non-synonymous mutations. Thus, our approach can reveal patterns of distribution of amino-acid properties in the structure of the protein in the context of a biophysical property for better classification and more insightful understanding.

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders affect nearly all people worldwide irrespective of the age and sex of the person. Females are supposed to experience a higher stress and anxiety as compared to the male individuals. The role of serotonin receptor in stress and anxiety condition is supposed to affect this sex-based difference in stress and anxiety condition between male and female animals. Serotonin receptor system is one of the most important molecular mechanism in brain function involved in a number of vital functions such as apetite, sleep, thermoregulation, aggression, learning, mood, cognition as well as in stress and anxiety. The current preclinical study is analyzing the role of serotonin 5HT-5A and 5B receptor in stress and anxiety in male and female rodents. The study suggests here a differential region specific association of both the serotonin receptor under stressful condition between male and female animals.

Thrombin-activated receptor-1 induces angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion in tumors. The protein-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is a G-protein coupled receptor that can be catalyzed by blood-derived serine proteases. Though Protease-activated receptor 1 plays an imperative role in coagulation and hemostasis, recent studies have found that PAR1 activation also affects the central nervous system (CNS) in addition to the vasculature. The present study focused on examining the prevalence of PAR1 in two human gliomas cell lines, D54 and U87, as well as the downstream signaling pathway. PAR1 was significantly more expressed in D54 cells than in U87 cells. An increase in PAR1 activity caused an increase in ERK1/2 activity, along with increased migration and invasion. SCH79797 (antagonist) significantly reduced the migration and invasion of the glioma cell lines. These cell lines' migration and invasion upon activator and inhibitor stimulation were related to PAR1 expression. In cells, Ca + 2 concentration ([Ca + 2]i) is altered by PAR1. Thrombin and TFLLR both induced an increase in [Ca + 2]i that was inhibited by SCH79797 (PAR1 inhibitor). The study concludes that PAR1 signaling contributes to the progression of gliomas. PAR1 and its downstream signaling may act as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of glioma formation.

Introduction: Erythromycin (ERY) is known to induce hepatic toxicity which mimics other liver diseases. Thus, ERY is often used to produce experimental models of drug-induced liver-toxicity. The serum metabolic profiles can be used to evaluate the liver-toxicity and to further improve the understanding of underlying mechanism. Objective: To establish the serum metabolic patterns of Erythromycin induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats using 1H NMR based serum metabolomics. Experimental: Fourteen male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 7 in each group): control and ERY treated. After 28 days of intervention, the metabolic profiles of sera obtained from ERY and control groups were analyzed using high-resolution 1D 1H CPMG and diffusion-edited nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The histopathological and SEM examinations were employed to evaluate the liver toxicity in ERY treated group. Results: The serum metabolic profiles of control and ERY treated rats were compared using multivariate statistical analysis and the metabolic patterns specific to ERY-induced liver toxicity were established. The toxic response of ERY was characterized with: (a) increased serum levels of Glucose, glutamine, dimethylamine, malonate, choline, phosphocholine and phospholipids and (b) decreased levels of isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, glutamate, citrate, glycerol, lactate, threonine, circulating lipoproteins, N-acetyl glycoproteins, and poly-unsaturated lipids. These metabolic alterations were found to be associated with (a) decreased TCA cycle activity and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, (b) dysfunction of lipid and amino acid metabolism and (c) oxidative stress. Conclusion and Recommendations: Erythromycin is often used to produce experimental models of liver toxicity; therefore, the established NMR-based metabolic patterns will form the basis for future studies aiming to evaluate the efficacy of anti-hepatotoxic agents or the hepatotoxicity of new drug-formulations.