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This study aims to predict the yield and vegetative growth of 'Golden Reinders' apple trees grafted on M.9 rootstock over the economic lifespan of an orchard (15 years). Mathematical models with high determination coefficients were applied to data collected during the first 7 years following orchard establishment in the "Göller Yöresi" region. Fifteen trees were selected after orchard establishment, and their yield and trunk diameter values were recorded over a 7-year period. Regression models for yield and vegetative growth were developed using data processed with the Matlab program. Results were comparatively evaluated, revealing the power regression model as prominent in determining the year-tree trunk diameter relationship, while the Fourier regression model took precedence in establishing the tree trunk diameter-yield relationship. The study concludes that understanding how yield and vegetative growth evolve throughout the economic lifespan of apple orchards can be effectively achieved through such modeling approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different crop load levels on apple trees' yield and physiological characteristics, emphasizing the relationship between stem water potential and crop load and the link between trunk diameter growth and crop load. It was conducted in 2014 at Station Expérimentale Fruits et Légumes (SUDEXPE-CEHM) in Southern France. The 'JoyaTM' apple on Pajam-1 rootstock was used as the plant material. Trees were subjected to hand thinning to obtain four final crop load levels as high (100%; 10 fruit/cm2 of branch cross-sectional area (BCSA)), medium-high (75%; 7.5 fruit/cm2 of BCSA), medium-low (50%; 5 fruit/cm2 of BCSA) and low (25%; 2.5 fruit/cm2 of BCSA). The four crop load levels were set up in a randomized block design with four replications, and each plot was formed of five uniform trees. Stem water potential was weakly affected by crop load but was mainly driven by vapor pressure deficit. The maximum daily trunk diameter, by and large, reduced while crop load level increased. The increase in crop load level was negatively related to fruit size, acidity and soluble solids content. Crop load did not affect bitter pit incidence. However, in parallel to the increasing crop load level, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and water productivity increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derim is the property of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mutation breeding is one of the efficient ways to create new genotypes. The starting material of this study was the 'Amasya', a Turkish apple cultivar. This study aimed to identify optimal mutagen dosage that is the most important prerequisite to create a proper mutant population, and evaluate the genetic variability for morpho-agronomic traits (e.g. tree height and fruit number) in the putative apple mutants of 'Amasya' irradiated at the optimal mutagen dosage. In the first year of the study, to determine the optimal mutagen dosage, dormant 'Amasya' scion woods were irradiated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 gray dosages using 60Co source. The optimal mutagen dosage was determined as 29.01 gray for 'Amasya' concerning the 50% shoot length reduction in comparison to the nonirradiated control plants. In the following year, more or less 2000 dormant 'Amasya' scion woods were irradiated at the optimal mutagen dosage to generate a mutant population of 'Amasya' apple cultivar. Mutation frequency based on the visual observations of plant abnormalities was observed. Then three years, genetic uniformity was analyzed through the growth of the mutant population, and mutation frequency (%) determined. These results indicated that there was considerable genetic variability in response to irradiation for evaluated traits. Most of the plants in the putative mutant population, nearly 80%, had a significantly shorter tree height and trunk cross-sectional area than standard 'Amasya'. The mutants/genotypes identified in this study could be used improvement of new promising apple cultivars with good agronomical traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit production should be adapted to future scenarios that are frequently associated with scarce resources, especially freshwater and fertilizers. New biologically-based fruit production strategies, i.e. taking into account tree growth and water status, are required to optimize irrigation and fertilization under abiotic stress conditions. It was hypothesized that a moderate abiotic stress, here deficit irrigation with or without nitrogen deficit, in the preharvest period, could decrease postharvest losses due to diseases and pruning weights due to reduced vegetative growth, without sacrificing the yield and fruit quality. This study was conducted over two years using the same trees of 'Moncante' nectarine cultivar grown in a commercial orchard. Trees were assigned to three treatments: (1) full irrigation at 80% estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), (2) deficit irrigation, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation, and (3) deficit irrigation and deficit nitrogen, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation and 75% of usual N-fertilization adopted by the grower in this commercial orchard. Deficit irrigation alone and in combination with deficit nitrogen reduced postharvest diseases and pruning weights without significant yield losses. Our results suggest that ETc-based approaches of reduced water irrigation may be a sustainable way to decrease phytosanitary inputs and workload in the orchard while maintaining the orchard performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University / Gazi Osman Pasa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orchard performance is influenced by weed competition. In this study, the effects of weed competition on nutrient contents, chemical and physical fruit quality properties were sought. The study was carried out in a high-density apple orchard ('Golden Delicious'/M.9) over two consecutive growing seasons. The effect of weed competition was studied at three different levels: weak, moderate and strong. Fruit firmness, soluble solids content, macronutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium) and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio in fruit were significantly affected by weed competition. Strong weed competition negatively affected soluble solids content and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. In both trial years, soluble solids content was significantly higher in weak weed competition. In the first year of the study, soluble solids content ranged between 13.77±0.06% (strong weed competition) and 15.20±0.10% (weak weed competition). In the following year, soluble solids content values were determined as 13.13±0.23% in strong weed competition and 13.83±0.21% in weak weed competition. Weak weed competition showed superiority for fruit weight and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. As a whole, this study indicates that insufficient weed control in tree rows might be a limiting factor for fruit quality in high-density apple orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the growth dynamics of young and mature trees contributes to development of efficient orchard management practices. In this experiment, the aim was to provide apple growers with practical information on how vegetative growth (at both shoot and whole-tree level), yield and fruit quality change during the transition period, from young to mature trees. The experiment orchard was planted at 3.5 m × 1 m inter-row and intra-row spacings, respectively, with 'Golden Delicious'/M.9 trees. Trees were trained since planting as modified vertical axis. Vegetative growth at shoot level reacted differently to yield load than that at the whole-tree level. The yield, yield efficiency and annual canopy volume increase and decrease (a vegetative growth indicator at the whole-tree level) showed a positive correlation with shoot length. TCSA (annual increase and actual TCSA), as another vegetative growth indicator at whole-tree level in the experiment, correlated negatively with shoot length. The yield varied biennially and, was greatest in the seventh year after planting (21.76±8.46 kg tree-1, corresponding to an orchard yield of ~62 t ha-1) that is an acceptable tonnage in the region of the experiment. To maintain the balance between vegetative growth and fruiting, orchard management practices should be conducted considering yield. No pruning or light pruning is recommended in the 'off-year' of biennial cycle of fruiting as a result of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University / Gazi Osman Pasa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Branching in apples is determined by two main mechanism. These are apical dominance (paradormancy) and apical control (acrotony). Apical dominance is the inhibition exerted by the shoot apex over axillary bud outgrowth, whereas apical control is the repression of a lateral branch growth by dominating branchs above it. These mechanisms determined the canopy development are under control genetic factors such as rootstock and variety. The effects of the apical mechanims can be reduced with different applications such as heading and the use of plant growth regulators such as 6-benzyladenine (BA). Understanding these mechanisms are important for branched nursery tree production, pruning and training. Hormones, environmental factors, nutritional effects, assimilate allocation and gravimorphism may affect branching process. in this study, studies about apical mechanisms were examined, the gathered information was summarised and the results of scientific research which producers can tranfer into practice are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of mix infections of Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), which are the most common viruses of pome fruits in Turkey and the world, on fruit yield and quality were investigated on apple trees. Statistical analysis of fruit quality and physiological measurements of viruses-infected and non infected trees revealed that fruit firmness in 2010, soluble solid content, pH and acidity in 2011 were statistically significant. This study proved that the effects of viruses on yield and quality of apple trees can be more effectively revealed with single inoculations in the controlled environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]