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Objective: To investigate the results of patients who underwent amniocentesis. Methods: Information about patients who underwent amniocentesis between May 2021 and May 2022 at the perinatology department of training and research hospital was obtained from the database and evaluated. The demographic characteristics of the patients, indications for amniocentesis, and clinical results of the procedures were also evaluated. Maternal age, gestational age at the time of amniocentesis, amniocentesis indication, and karyotyping results were reviewed and analyzed. Results: A total of 579 patients were included in the study. The mean ages of the patients and weeks of gestation at the time of the procedure were 32.28 (minimum 17, maximum 50) and 16.32 (minimum 14, maximum 32), respectively. Amniocentesis was most frequently performed in our clinic, with an indication for increased risk according to the dual screening test. Clear chromosome analysis could not be performed using the quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction method in 17 patients, and 38 patients had an abnormal result for long-term cell culture. Conclusion: Amniocentesis is a frequently used fetal invasive karyotyping procedure. Amniocentesis indications are increasing with the progress of prenatal diagnosis. It is a relatively safe procedure when performed by experienced hands.

Objective: To evaluate the antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal outcomes of congenital lung malformations (CLM) diagnosed prenatally. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating prenatally diagnosed CLMs. Prenatal findings such as diagnosis weeks, additional anomalies, karyotype results, and pregnancy outcomes of the cases were collected from the hospital digital record system. The data of the postnatal long-term course and outcomes of the cases were obtained by contacting the parents by telephone. Results: Forty-seven CLM cases were included in the study. 12.8% of the cases had structural anomalies. Chromosome analysis was performed on 8 (17%) cases and all of them had a normal karyotype. Forty-four (93.7%) cases had a live birth. 19.1% of the cases gave birth prematurely. The newborns had low APGAR scores (

Objective: Double aneuploidy cases involving autosomal and sex chromosomes are very rare. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the clinical features and prognosis of these cases. In this case, a fetus with 48,XYY,+18 karyotype is presented. Case(s): Cystic hygroma, cleft lip and palate, and clubbed foot were detected in the prenatal ultrasonographic evaluation of a 31-year-old pregnant woman at 13 weeks of gestation. Chorionic villus sampling revealed double aneuploidy including Klinefelter and Edwards syndromes. The molecular result was consistent with the occurrence of nondisjunction error involving chromosome 18 in maternal meiosis I (mat MI) but the finding of the extra X chromosome could not be fully explained. Post-abortion fetal pathology specimen confirmed prenatal diagnosis. Conclusion: Double aneuploidy cases may rarely present with structural anomalies due to maternal meiosis error, without advanced maternal age, as in this case.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of 37 pregnant women with the diagnosis of COVID-19. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, perinatal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: The majority of cases with COVID-19 were evaluated as mild (97.3%). None of the women needed intensive care unit or invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality were not observed. The most common symptoms were fever (62.2%) and cough (40.5%). Of all the pregnancies, 5.4% ended with abortion, 2.7% with stillbirth, and 10% of the infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal mortality was not observed. Conclusion: In our study, none of the pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection had severe illness. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 which was possible in several studies is not observed in our patient population.

Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics of pregnant women that have a history of drug use and categorize the drugs according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) system. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. The data obtained from the hospital database were evaluated. The drugs used by pregnant women who were found to use drugs during pregnancy were categorized according to the ATC system. At the same time, demographic data, educational status, income levels, alcohol and cigarette use and obstetric results of the pregnant women were evaluated. Results: Ninety-nine pregnant women evaluated in Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Perinatology Department Council were included. Mean age of pregnant women was 31.7 [18-47, standard deviation (SD)=5.880], mean gravida was 2.81 (1-8, SD=1.452), mean parity was 1.4 (0-5, SD=0.988) and mean gestational week at presentation was 11.27 (5-30, SD=4.692). It was determined that the mean duration of drug use was 66.56 days. It was found that drugs related to the nervous system were used most frequently with a rate of 29.33%, followed by drugs related to the digestive system with a rate of 15.03%. Congenital anomalies were observed in only 5 of 100 pregnant women exposed to the drug. Conclusion: The demographic data of pregnant women and the distribution of the drugs they are exposed to are similar to the literature. However, unlike previous studies, the preference for optional curettage is lower and the incidence of congenital anomaly is not higher than expected.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of cerclage procedure according to indication. Methods The pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of the patients who underwent cerclage with the diagnosis of cervical insufficiency between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into three groups: a history-indicated group, an ultrasound-indicated group and a physical examination-indicated group. Results Seventy-three patients who underwent cerclage were included in the study. Of these, 41 (56.2%) had history-indicated, 17 (23.3%) had ultrasound-indicated and 15 (20.5%) had physical examination-indicated cerclages. Compared to history- and ultrasound-indicated cerclage group, duration from cerclage to delivery (18.6 ± 6.9 weeks vs 17.8±5.9 weeks vs 11 ± 5.3 weeks, p = 0.003) was significantly lower and delivery 0.05). Conclusion Pregnant women who underwent physical examination-indicated cerclage had higher risks for preterm delivery

Objective Our study aimed to evaluate the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of hypertensive pregnant women with or without proteinuria. We compared the predictivity of spot urinary protein to creatinine (P/C) ratio and 24-hour protein excretions on outcomes. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 230 pregnant women with a new diagnosis of hypertension between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation. We divided the patients into two groups according to the protein level determined by 24-hour urine collection and P/C ratio. The presence and level of proteinuria, its relationship with the P/C ratio, and the relationship between these findings and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. Results Gestational age at delivery weeks and latency period (duration between diagnosis of hypertension and delivery) were significantly earlier in pregnant women with ≥300 mg/24-h and P/C ratio ≥0.3. Adverse neonatal outcomes were significant in patients with proteinuria ≥300 mg/24-hour and P/C ratio ≥0.3. Urinary protein levels in 24-hour urine were significantly higher in pregnant women with P/C ratio ≥0.3 and a significantly positive correlation was found between 24-h proteinuria and P/C (r=0.382, p

Objective: We purposed to investigate the difference between near-field and far-field of PI (pulsatility index) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) that are important in the management of fetal growth restriction and fetal anemia. Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 130 single uncomplicated pregnancies. Doppler was applied to near-and far-field of proximal MCA while PSV and PI were recorded and compared between two sides as well as according to body mass index (BMI) and gestational weeks of participants. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between near and far-fields of MCA PI (P = 0.75). However, a statistically significant difference in PSV was observed (P = 0.03), and this was especially noticeable in women with normal BMI (P = 0.009). On the other hand, there was no difference between MCA PI or PSV in women with a BMI higher than 25. Also, no significant difference was observed between groups, which were subcategorized according to gestational weeks. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the far-field PSV values may be higher than near-field MCA PSV values; sonographers should bear in mind that while far and near-field PSV can differ, conversely MCA PI can safely be assessed from both the near and far-fields of MCA in case of technical difficulty.

Abstract Background Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and discovery of fetal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal circulation render possible prenatal screening for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidies. The approach is called “fetal cfDNA screening” and in contrast to noninvasive conventional serum screening, it provides the identification of 98%–99% of fetuses with Down syndrome. Methods Retrospective analysis of targeted noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) (Clarigo Test) pregnancies with moderate risk, which we have reported between 2016 and 2018 years is presented. Two separate laboratory workflows and NGS platforms are used for the same targeted NIPT analysis. Results In total, 4,594 pregnant women were investigated. Initial 3,594 cases are studied by MiSeq platform, the last 1,000 cases by NextSeq. Failure rate for MiSeq platform is 10.9% and for NextSeq is 8.7%. Automatically reported cases constitute 75% of the MiSeq group and 87% of the NextSeq group. Conclusions Targeted NIPT results suggest that MiSeq platform could be used for NIPT which would be an essential option particularly for laboratories with low sample flow. And, the NextSeq platform has easier wet lab process and also increased success rate in automatic reporting which is suitable for centers with high number of NIPT cases.

Paratubal cysts are asymptomatic embryological remnants. These cysts are usually diagnosed during adolescence and reproductive age. In general, their sizes are small but can be complicated by rupture, torsion, or hemorrhage. Paratubal cysts are often discovered fortuitously on routine ultrasound examination. We report a 19-year-old female patient who presented with irregular menses and abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed a huge cystic mass at the right adnexial area. The diagnosis was confirmed as paratubal cyst during laporotomy and, hence, cystectomy and right salpingectomy were performed. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(3.000): 573-576]

Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the success of methotrexate treatment and β-hCG levels in progressive tubal ectopic pregnancies. We defined a retrospective cohort of 394 progressive tubal ectopic pregnancy patients treated with methotrexate. A single-dose methotrexate protocol using 50 mg/m2 was administered to patients with progressive tubal ectopic pregnancy. Surgery was performed in patients who exhibited signs of acute abdomen due to tubal rupture. Of 394 patients that received methotrexate treatment, 335 (84.6%) responded to medical treatment, while the remaining 59 (15.36%) underwent surgery due to treatment failure. β-hCG levels in the failure group were significantly higher as compared with the success group at Day 1, Day 4, and Day 7 (2116±3157 vs. 4178±3422, 2062±3551 vs. 4935±4103, and 1532±3007 vs. 3900±4783, respectively). The receiver operating characteristics curve for β-hCG levels at Day 1 was 0.738, with a cutoff value of 1418 mIU/mL, while sensitivity and specificity values reached the optimum for treatment success (83.1% and 59.4%, respectively). Medical treatment with methotrexate achieved an 85.02% success rate for the treatment of progressive tubal ectopic pregnancy, while success rates for medical treatment decreased significantly when initial β-hCG levels were >1418 mIU/mL.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was too assess the diagnostic value of red cell distribution width and other inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count and mean platelet volume during the first trimester of gestation for predicting the subsequent development of preeclampsia. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 137 patients with preeclampsia and 150 normotensive pregnant women. Study group was assessed for presence of preeclampsia and the values of first trimester red cell distribution width, white blood cell count and mean platelet volume. The receiver operator curve was used to evaluate cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values. Results: The optimal cut-off points to predict preeclampsia were a white blood cell count 10200 cells/mm3 or higher with a sensitivity of 75.1% and specificity of 44.1%, a mean platelet volume 8.6fL or lower with a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 64.4% and a red cell distribution width 15.3% or lower with a sensitivity of 31.2% and specificity of 79.7%. Conclusion: Regarding the association between first trimester red cell distribution width, white blood cell count and mean platelet volume, statistical analysis revealed that these markers were weak predictors of preeclampsia [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000): 224-228]

Purpose: The purpose of our study was too assess the diagnostic value of red cell distribution width and other inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count and mean platelet volume during the first trimester of gestation for predicting the subsequent development of preeclampsia.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 137 patients with preeclampsia and 150 normotensive pregnant women. Study group was assessed for presence of preeclampsia and the values of first trimester red cell distribution width, white blood cell count and mean platelet volume. The receiver operator curve was used to evaluate cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values.Results: The optimal cut-off points to predict preeclampsia were a white blood cell count 10200 cells/mm3 or higher with a sensitivity of 75.1% and specificity of 44.1%, a mean platelet volume 8.6fL or lower with a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 64.4% and a red cell distribution width 15.3% or lower with a sensitivity of 31.2% and specificity of 79.7%.Conclusion: Regarding the association between first trimester red cell distribution width, white blood cell count and mean platelet volume, statistical analysis revealed that these markers were weak predictors of preeclampsia

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study included 31 patients with the diagnosis of PCOS and 33 healthy cases as a control group. Both groups were compared according to demographic characteristics, antropometric measurements, levels of biochemical parameters and serum levels of omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde. Results: When compared with control group, patients in PCOS group were found to have statistically significantly lower age but have higher hirsutism score, fasting glucose level, total testosteron level, free androgen index, LH level and LH/FSH ratio. There was no statistically significant difference among PCOS and control groups in terms of serum omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: No significant change was shown in the levels of serum omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondealdeheyde levels in women with PCOS. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 1-7]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study included 31 patients with the diagnosis of PCOS and 33 healthy cases as a control group. Both groups were compared according to demographic characteristics, antropometric measurements, levels of biochemical parameters and serum levels of omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde.Results: When compared with control group, patients in PCOS group were found to have statistically significantly lower age but have higher hirsutism score, fasting glucose level, total testosteron level, free androgen index, LH level and LH/FSH ratio. There was no statistically significant difference among PCOS and control groups in terms of serum omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondialdehyde levels.Conclusion: No significant change was shown in the levels of serum omentin, osteoprotegerin and malondealdeheyde levels in women with PCOS.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether maternal serum levels of androgens, especially testosterone, are higher in patients with preeclampsia than in matched normotensive control subjects.Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed on 67 preeclamptic patients and 51 normotensive pregnant women. Study group was assessed for presence of preeclampsia and the values of serum free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The receiver operator curve was used to evaluate cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values. Results: Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia (2.36±1.2 pg/ml) than the control group (1.62±0.96 pg/ml) but there was no significant difference in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. The optimal cut-off point to predict preeclampsia was a 2.025 pg/ml or higher levels for free testosteron with a sensitivity of 56%, specificity of 78.4%, positive predictive value of 71.8%, negative predictive value of 64.5% and with a likelihood ratio of 2.6.Discussion: Levels of the potent androgen free testosterone were significantly higher in women with preeclampsia than in normotensive women with similar maternal ages. Although the statistical analysis revealed that these markers were weak predictors of preeclampsia to be used in clinical practice the difference may indicate a role for testosterone in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether maternal serum levels of androgens, especially testosterone, are higher in patients with preeclampsia than in matched normotensive control subjects. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed on 67 preeclamptic patients and 51 normotensive pregnant women. Study group was assessed for presence of preeclampsia and the values of serum free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The receiver operator curve was used to evaluate cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values. Results: Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia (2.36+/-1.2 pg/ml) than the control group (1.62+/-0.96 pg/ml) but there was no significant difference in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. The optimal cut-off point to predict preeclampsia was a 2.025 pg/ml or higher levels for free testosteron with a sensitivity of 56%, specificity of 78.4%, positive predictive value of 71.8%, negative predictive value of 64.5% and with a likelihood ratio of 2.6. Discussion: Levels of the potent androgen free testosterone were significantly higher in women with preeclampsia than in normotensive women with similar maternal ages. Although the statistical analysis revealed that these markers were weak predictors of preeclampsia to be used in clinical practice the difference may indicate a role for testosterone in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 41-46]

Adnexal torsion is an infrequent but significant cause of acute lower abdominal pain in women. While adnexal torsion is generally considered in premenopausal women presenting with acute abdominal pain and a pelvic mass, it is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain during postmenopausal period. The diagnosis of adnexal torsion is often challenging due to nonspesific clinical, laboratory and physical examination findings. Causes of adnexal torsion is also different in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. While a simple functional cyst is often the cause of torsion in premenopausal women, it is more rarely the cause in postmenopausal women. Adnexal torsion is a surgical emergency. The surgery of adnexal torsion is performed either via conventional exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery. Adnexal torsion in postmenopausal women should be considered not only in the setting of sudden onset pain, but also in long-term abdominal discomfort. In this article, we presented a case with adnexal torsion that rarely cause acute abdominal pain in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To compare the obstetric outcomes of cesarean section in women who had a history of four or more previous cesarean sections with those who had a history of two or three previous cesarean sections., Methods: Total 1318 women who underwent repeat cesarean section between January 2013 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 244 (18.5%) had previously had four or more cesarean sections (multiple repeat cesarean section group) and 1074 (81.5%) had previously had two or three cesarean sections (control group). Demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes were compared using the Independent t and chi-square tests., Results: The adhesion rate (p < 0.001), number of blood transfusion (p = 0.044), operation time (p = 0.012), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and tubal ligation surgery (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in multiple repeat cesarean section group compared to control group., Conclusion: Although multiple repeat cesarean section are asscociated with adhesion occurrence, higher number of blood transfusion, increased operation time and length of hospital stay, there is no remarkable difference in serious morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean section., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.