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The increasing occurrence of severe vulnerabilities, such as natural catastrophes and man-made attacks, has resulted in a corresponding rise in power outages on a global scale. Given the growing recognition of such exceptional occurrences, there is a pressing need to examine the matters pertaining to resilience and the mitigation of risks. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in power system resiliency, as well as an exploration of the measures required to ensure a sustainable environment.These instances of measures include resilience by enabling localized generation and distribution of electricity,diversification of energy resources, withstanding of severe weather conditions, cyberattacks and enabling communities to proactively address the consequences of power outages. There are multiple approaches to bolstering resiliency, which aim to facilitate recovery from unforeseen circumstances and promote stability in the face of uncertain events. These measures also serve to mitigate the impact of unexpected incidents such as power outages. Integrating unpredictable renewable energy sources like solar and wind power into energy networks is difficult, especially in terms of resilience. Renewable energy output fluctuates owing to weather and time of day, requiring sophisticated grid management, energy storage, and demand-response mechanisms to maintain system balance and resilience. This study elucidates the enhanced principles of power system dependability and resilience, in addition to several ways for establishing a sustainable power ecosystem. It examines the complex dynamics of risk assessment, including equipment failures, natural disasters, and human errors, to determine their likelihood and implications. Moreover, the study thoroughly examines the critical moments that occur after accidents, emphasizing the need of prompt reaction and recovery measures in reducing downtime and restoring regular operations to impacted power networks. This involves determining the fundamental reasons behind the incidents, such as whether they arise from equipment malfunctions, human mistakes, external influences like natural calamities, or cyber assaults. In addition, the report examines the efficacy of current response protocols and emergency procedures in reducing the impact of accidents and restoring regular operations to impacted electrical systems.

Photonics, the field of study that focuses on the production, detection, and control of light, is transforming the advancement of offshore wind energy systems. This systematic analysis examines the various aspects of photonics in improving the effectiveness, dependability, and environmental friendliness of offshore wind farms. Optical fibers with large data-carrying capacity enable reliable transfer of both data and power between offshore installations and onshore facilities, ensuring effective communication and control. In addition, photonics-based underwater communication systems and sensors enhance the upkeep and functioning of subsea components. Photonics advancements also enhance the efficiency of energy conversion and storage solutions by integrating additional solar energy sources and improving battery systems. One of the main advantage is that despite the immense potential, the harsh marine environment poses significant challenges, such as corrosion and system degradation, which must be addressed through durable materials and protective strategies. The review also emphasizes the high initial costs and the complex integration processes required for photonics systems with existing offshore infrastructure. However, the long-term benefits in terms of improved energy efficiency, reduced operational downtime, and carbon footprint reduction make these technologies promising for future offshore wind farm deployments. The paper calls for further research in developing more robust photonic components and enhancing their cost-effectiveness, especially in large-scale real-world applications.

This article addresses the optimality and stability issues of a Tidal power based hybrid power system (HPS). The Tidal system gets destabilized by the uncertain variation of tidal waves and wind input. Stability of the system is restored through the introduction of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) controller. The controller is optimized through the process of configuration of Hyper Spherical Search (HSS) based algorithm. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the suggested controllers is conducted through comparison analyses in order to regulate the voltage profile of the interconnected power network under various loading scenarios. The efficacy of the suggested controllers is assessed by stability analysis utilizing Eigen and Nyquist plots. Further, it is quite evident that optimal tuning is possible in case of the controller where the parameters can create significant impact on the system performance. Consequently, a novel heuristic optimization technique, such as HSS Algorithm are suggested to find the best output of the proposed controller. Finally, by using real-data, the performance as well as robustness of the suggested controller have examined by utilizing a real-time digital simulation platform, specifically the OPAL-RT 5142.

This Power quality problem is a vital issue in current-day power system with the increased penetration of distributed generation (DG) systems which greatly affects the stability and reliability of the system. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of detection and classification strategies for monitoring power quality (PQ) disturbances. Specifically, the focus is on PQ disturbances caused as a result of load switching and variations in environmental factors, such as changes in solar irradiation and wind speed. Twelve different types of PQ disturbances under various operating scenarios are considered for the detection and classification study. Twelve different statistical features are extracted by passing the disturbances through robust H-infinity filter in order to minimize the data size and computational complexities. The statistical properties of PQ disturbances are initially categorized using the Fast Generalized Fuzzy-C means (FGFCM) clustering approach. Further, the disturbances are correctly classified by pattern classification approach like support vector machines (SVM) in order to distinctly classify them. The validity of the classification analysis is reinforced by the inclusion of experimental data gathered from a prototype wind energy system and photovoltaic (PV) system setup. Again, Genetic algorithm (GA) is used for extracting optimal features and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied for optimising the heuristic parameters of the SVM in order to improvise the classification accuracy under normal, noisy as well as increased penetration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) systems.

This multilevel inverter produces a multi-stepped output voltage based on series connection of power cells making the use of standard low voltage components. The proposed topology uses only one voltage source and with combination of capacitors and is able to produce maximum boost with reduced number of components and voltage stress. One module can generate 7 voltage levels by using one DC power supply and two capacitors. This paper also proposes suitable ways of extension to achieve higher voltage levels thereby making the harmonic distortion very low. The proposed topology specifically addresses a very potential problem associated with capacitor type inverter that is unsteadiness or disproportionate discharge of capacitor voltage. Another potential problem is high inrush current during charging and this is also addressed in a unique. A comprehensive comparison between the proposal and other capacitor based multilevel inverter topologies is carried out based on number of components, voltage stress, cost function and other performance parameters. The main novelty lies in the reduction in number of components, multiple extension variants basic topology, addressing capacitor voltage imbalance and high inrush current during charging. Finally, the working, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed inverter are validated by laboratory prototype models.

Abstract An adaptive fractional fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFFSMC) based power system stabilizer (PSS) is proposed for damping out low‐frequency oscillations in single machine infinite bus and multimachine power systems under various operational contingencies. The proposed stabilizer is a combination of adaptive fuzzy control with a fractional order proportional integral derivative controller and sliding mode controller. A fractional sliding surface is adopted which enables the system to remain in the proposed robust sliding surface stably to eliminate the effects of chattering at any initial conditions. In addition, fractional adaptive rules based on fuzzy sets were used for optimal selection of parameters of the controller. Here, the stability issue is addressed through Lyapunov synthesis. Speed deviation and acceleration are considered as input signals to the proposed controller. A comparative analysis of performance indices such as settling time, maximum peak overshoot is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach. In addition, stability analysis using Eigen value, integral time absolute error and shape of demerit were also presented to augment the stability study. The simulation results confirm that the proposed AFFSMC‐PSS shows superior robust damping performance as compared to other approaches.

This paper presents a Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter (HSAPF) optimized by hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-GWO) and Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (FOPIDC) for reactive power and harmonic compensation under balance and unbalance loading conditions. Here, the parameters of FOPID controller are tuned by PSO-GWO technique to mitigate the harmonics. Comparing Passive with Active Filters, the former is tested to be bulky and design is complex and the later is not cost effective for high rating. Hence, a hybrid structure of shunt active and passive filter is designed using MATLAB/Simulink and in real time experimental set up. The compensation process for shunt active filter is different from predictable methods such as (p-q) or ( ${i}_{d}-{i}_{q}$ ) theory, in which only the source current is to be sensed. The performance of the proposed controller is tested under different operating conditions such as steady and transient states and indices like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Input Power Factor (IPF), Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q) are estimated and compared with that of other controllers. The parameters of FOPIDC and Conventional PID Controller (CPIDC) are optimized by the techniques such as PSO, GWO and hybrid PSO-GWO. The comparative simulation/experiment results reflect the better performance of PSO-GWO optimized FOPIDC based HSAPF with respect to PSO/GWO optimized FOPIDC/CPIDC based HSAPF under different operating conditions.

Ergonomic design of a product considers design, cognitive and behavioral information during the design stage with a view to improve the comfort level of the user and aesthetic look of the product. However, a large number of products are available in the market place possessing a wide range of features to address the ergonomic considerations. Many times, the features may be redundant and hardly enhance interaction between the user and the product leading to user dissatisfaction. But few important features focusing its functionality and physical comfort can possibly address the usability of product and improve satisfaction level of the user. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (MADM) approach integrating both subjective and objective weights for each criterion so that superior ergonomically designed product can be evaluated. The methodology is explained with the help of an example of selection of an office chair. Three popular approaches have been considered to compare the ranking of alternatives. Keywords: Multi-attribute decision making (MADM), TOPSIS (Techniques for Order Preference by Similarity to Identical Solution), VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenjea), PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations)

Stability of a standalone hybrid power system (HPS) in a smart grid is always a challenging task. Further, the operational stability of the power system depends on the associated communication infrastructure. Therefore, it is always crucial to pick up a controller that can assure system's stability along with performance, despite disturbances like (load and input wind variations) with communication delays. Present study focuses on reactive power management and voltage stability issues of an isolated HPS. The stability aspects of HPS are improved through reactive power compensation, by custom power devices like static var compensator. The control aspects of SVC as well as the whole hybrid system are taken care by H∞ linear matrix inequalities approach. Further, H-infinity control, Lyapunov stability along with linear matrix inequalities techniques estimate the delay boundary of controllers. The iterative performance of the proportional–integral–derivative controllers, and robust H∞ damping controller of the HPS, are designed through LMI approach. Later experimental study of the HPS is done, with a prototype model in dSPACE real-time control environment. In this case, dSPACE 1104 is added for data acquisition and control. Adaptability and robustness of the proposed controllers are verified under fluctuating loads and uncertain wind power input.

This paper projects an isolated hybrid model of Offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine and discusses the stability and reactive power management issue of the whole system. The hybrid system often loses its stability as it becomes prone to uncertain load and input parameters and therefore the necessity of Reactive power management becomes necessary. The overall stability of the hybrid offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine is made possible by the management of reactive power in the hybrid system through the application of FACTS devices. And therefore the dynamic hybrid model of the DFIG and DDPMSG based offshore wind-diesel-tidal turbine is analysed for stability with different input parameters like wind and tidal energies. For detailed modelling and simulation, a small signal model of the whole hybrid system is designed and reactive power management of the system is achieved by the incorporation of a STATCOM controller. For improvement of stability and reactive power compensation of the hybrid system, GA and PSO optimised STATCOM controller is used.

This paper contributes an innovative gating signal generation technique based on fuzzy sliding mode pulse width modulation (FSMPWM) with a Series Hybrid Active Power Filter (SEHAPF) for reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD). Hybrid filters are used for compensating reactive power on the load side and mitigate harmonics for the growth of power quality under variable source and load conditions in the utility system. The objective of the paper is to eradicate the various power quality (PQ) problems with development in power factor and reducing distortion in transmission and distribution line due to harmonics. With the implementation of FSMPWM of the proposed filter, the gating pulses are generated by implementing a Mamdani fuzzy rule with sliding surfaces. For producing a fixed pulse the presented method reduces the chattering reaction by controlling the narrow boundary coating on the sliding surface. The results of the projected technique are analyzed and compared with the traditional hysteresis band current controller (HCC). The overall proficiency and results are examined with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.