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Brining and dry salting are traditional preservation techniques used to extend the shelf life of foods including seaweeds. In this study, brining (40% NaCl solution weight/volume) and dry salting (30% weight/weight) processes were applied to fresh kelp to achieve a target water activity of less than 0.77, and the effect of salting treatment on consumer acceptance was assessed. The processed samples were stored at 4 °C for 2 weeks until the sensory analysis. Processed kelp samples were used as the primary ingredient in a salad with shredded carrots and sesame dressing. Three salad samples (salad with fresh kelp (control), brined, or dry salted sugar kelp) were presented to the panelists to assess the liking of sensory attributes including salt intensity, color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall liking. Significant differences in the liking of flavor and texture were observed, with consumers rating both treatments made with salted seaweed higher than a salad made from fresh seaweed. Panelists identified the availability and lack of information regarding nutritional benefits as barriers to their seaweed consumption. These results indicate that in addition to extending shelf life, the preservation of kelp by salting may increase consumer acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing interest in the management of osteoradionecrosis via pharmacological therapy as an alternative to surgery. Successful outcomes have been presented in the literature based on clinical and radiographic assessment. The current case reports on a clinically healed case of osteoradionecrosis who subsequently underwent resection for the purpose of oro‐dento‐facial rehabilitation providing a rare insight into the histopathological status of resolved case via medical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intends to analyse the research trends, growth, and collaboration patterns in the field of Water Resources in India. The source for the data collection is the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection Database. A total of 797 publications published during the period from 2016 to 2021 satisfying these search criteria were pulled out to perform further analysis. This study revealed that Water Resources Management is the most productive journal with 26 articles (3.26%), followed by Arabian Journal of Geosciences 22 (2.76%), Environmental Earth Sciences 21 (2.63%) publications got 2nd and 3rd rank respectively. the year 2020 highest number of articles 236 (29%) were published on water resources followed by the year 2019 with 149 (18.69%).The Most productive author Malik, Anurag from Punjab Agricultural University is in the top position with 16 (2.007%) published articles. 177 (22.2%) of the total publication have two authored contributions taking the first position. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay published the highest number of articles i.e., 48 (6.02%) occupy 1st rank. Department of Science & Technology India funded 6.27%of published articles in the field of Water Resources Research.USA has the highest number of collaborative research work with India. China comes second with AFI value of 8.50. The Internationalization Index of Indian Water Resources literature is 73.77.Co-operative efforts show that there are 580 scientific links created between other countries, depicting most publications collaborated with authors from more than two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extremely rare, long-lost, monotypic endemic, Indian liverwort, Sewardiella tuberifera Kash. has recently been recollected after a gap of over three-and-a-half decades from an altogether new location, the Mukteshwar region (2,171 m) of Nainital district in the Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The remarkable rediscovery of this monotypic, endemic Himalayan liverwort is a significant finding for the world's bryological treasure. Along with other rare Himalayan monotypic endemics such as Aitchisoniella himalayensis Kash. and Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash., the currently located sporiferous population of Sewardiella was discovered persisting in small, dispersed, sparse patches with 5-30 individuals. The currently spotted collection site is being considered a 'bryological hotspot'. As the area develops as a popular ecotourism destination, the original habitat of these hepatics in a lime stone-dominated, south-west facing, unstable sloppy site at Mukteshwar is under constant pressure from several developmental activities. Hence, serious conservation steps are needed to protect this hotspot supporting Himalayan bryophyte jewels. To ensure long term perpetuation and conservation of redlisted hepatic taxa, an attempt is being made to translocate part of the population to ecologically and climatically identical safer site, including a developing 'moss garden' at Lingadhar (Nainital). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As primary care dental services continue to offer conscious sedation in practice, this article presents the findings from a record-keeping audit carried out at a dental teaching hospital in the UK. National guidance was used to set out the gold standards for record-keeping. Various shortcomings in terms of documentation were identified. This article enables dental practitioners involved in dental sedation to review their own sedation record-keeping to meet current national standards and ultimately improve clinical practice and the quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental practitioners are well versed in informing patients of the risks and benefits associated with dental extractions. The purpose of this service evaluation was to determine whether patients understood and recalled information relevant to their planned oral surgery procedure, prior to second stage consent. A questionnaire was distributed to patients who were attending for their elective treatment appointment. This explored their ability to recall the planned intervention, the modality of treatment (local anaesthetic, intravenous sedation, or general anaesthetic), understanding of alternative treatment options and the risks associated with the procedure. Completed responses were received from 29 of the distributed questionnaires (response rate=58%). The majority of patients were not aware of the following risks with their procedure: pain, bleeding, bruising, swelling, infection, damage to adjacent structures. Despite a well-documented consent form and comprehensive discussion, we identified that patients may not comprehend or recollect the risks associated with their dental extraction. As dental professionals we have a duty to seek ways to facilitate patient understanding and maximise their autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human roseolovirus U20 and U21 are type I membrane glycoproteins that have been implicated in immune evasion by interfering with recognition of classical and non-classical MHC proteins. U20 and U21 are predicted to be type I glycoproteins with extracytosolic immunoglobulin-like domains, but detailed structural information is lacking. AlphaFold and RoseTTAfold are next generation machine-learning-based prediction engines that recently have revolutionized the field of computational three-dimensional protein structure prediction. Here, we review the structural biology of viral immunoevasins and the current status of computational structure prediction algorithms. We use these computational tools to generate structural models for U20 and U21 proteins, which are predicted to adopt MHC-Ia-like folds with closed MHC platforms and immunoglobulin-like domains. We evaluate these structural models and place them within current understanding of the structural basis for viral immune evasion of T cell and natural killer cell recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an overhaul in the provision of dental services. This prompted the introduction of teledentistry clinics at King's Dental Institute for patients who had been referred to the oral surgery department. This article presents findings from a retrospective analysis conducted to consider the effectiveness of such virtual clinics as well as discussing the benefits and challenges of teledentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L. major acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a mitochondrial protein, involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. The protein is expressed as an apo-protein, and post-translationally modified at Ser 37 by a 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl transferase. Crystal structure of the apo-form of the protein at pH 5.5 suggests a four helix bundle fold, typical of ACP's. However, upon lowering the pH to 5.0, it undergoes a conformational transition from α-helix to β-sheet, and displays amyloid like properties. When left for a few days at room temperature at this pH, the protein forms fibrils, visible under Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using an approach combining NMR, biophysical techniques, and mutagenesis, we have identified a Phe residue present on helix II of ACP, liable for this change. Phosphopantetheinylation of Lm ACP, or mutation of Phe 45 to the corresponding residue in E. coli ACP (methionine), slows down the conformational change. Conversely, substitution of methionine 44 of E. coli ACP with a phenylalanine, causes enhanced ThT binding. Thus, we demonstrate the unique property of an exposed Phe in inducing, and phophopantetheine in inhibiting amyloidogenesis. Taken together, our study adds L. major acyl carrier protein to the list of ACPs that act as pH sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warm inflation is a natural and well-motivated description of cosmic inflation which accounts for the inflaton dissipation and radiation production during the inflationary phase, neglected in the standard cold description. It results in crucial differences in the imprints on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation from the standard cold description. In this study, we consider warm inflation models with λ ϕ 4 and λ ϕ 6 potentials and estimate their model parameters consistent with CMB using the CosmoMC numerical code. These models are characterized by the inflaton self coupling, λ , and the dissipation parameter, Q P , due to the inflaton's dissipation into the other fields. Therefore, information about these physical parameters is essential from the perspective of the model building. In our analysis, we also calculate the spectral index, n s , and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r , for the mean values of the parameters and show that for the weak dissipative regime, r , is within the sensitivity of the next generation CMB polarization experiments, which is an important observational test for these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise control of cell death in the nervous system is essential for development. Spatial and temporal factors activate the death of Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts) by controlling the transcription of multiple cell death genes through a shared enhancer. The activity of this enhancer is controlled by abdominal A and Notch, but additional inputs are needed for proper specificity. Here, we show that the Cut DNA binding protein is required for neuroblast death, regulating reaper and grim downstream of the shared enhancer and of abdominal A expression. The loss of cut accelerates the temporal progression of neuroblasts from a state of low overall levels of H3K27me3 to a higher H3K27me3 state. This is reflected in an increase in H3K27me3 modifications in the cell death gene locus in the CNS on Cut knockdown. We also show that cut regulates the expression of the cohesin subunit Stromalin. Stromalin and the cohesin regulatory subunit Nipped-B are required for neuroblast death, and knockdown of Stromalin increases H3K27me3 levels in neuroblasts. Thus, Cut and cohesin regulate apoptosis in the developing nervous system by altering the chromatin landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acidic and alkaline electrolyzed water (EW) were investigated for their bactericidal effects when sprayed on the surface of beef, chevon (goat meat), and pork inoculated with Escherichia coli K12. Inoculated meat samples were subjected to different treatment times ranging from 2 to 12 min and enumerated on tryptic soy agar to determine the effective log reductions of microbial populations. Acidic EW treated beef, chevon, and pork samples resulted in the highest log reductions of approximately 1.16 (4 min), 1.22 (12 min), and 1.30 log10 CFU/mL (10 min), respectively; and alkaline EW treatments resulted in 1.61, 0.96, and 1.52 log10 CFU/mL reductions at 12 min treatment, respectively. In general, no significant difference in bacterial reduction (p > .05) among the different types of meat was observed. Experimental data were used to fit two microbial reduction models. The Weibull model best described E. coli reduction from meat surfaces. Practical applications: Foodborne microorganisms are responsible for a large number of outbreaks and foodborne illnesses. Several conventional methods such as heat and chemicals have been used for many years to ensure the safety of food. Meat is the most consumed food as a source of protein. Since meat is usually marketed raw, chlorine‐based washing technologies are commonly preferred for surface decontamination. However, these technologies may leave some chemical residues in meat that might alter its color, flavor, and texture. Electrolyzed oxidizing water is an alternative nonthermal technology that has been used in recent years to improve the safety of food products. This study thus focuses on determining the efficacy of acidic and alkaline electrolyzed water in inactivating Escherichia coli on beef, chevon, and pork surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Learning disability is thought to interfere in speech recognition in a large number of individuals. These intelligibility deficits are enhanced in the presence of background noise.The objective of the present study is to compare the Word Recognition Scores of children with Learning Disability (LD) and age matched typical children in the age range of 9 to 12 years, in quiet and in presence of noise (four-talker babble).Material and Method:Study group includes 30 children who have been diagnosed with LD and control group has 45 typical children. After otoscopic examination, Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Impedance audiometry, Word Recognition Scores (WRS) were obtained in quiet, +15 dB, +8 dB and 0 dB Signal to Noise Ratios (SNR). Nonparametric tests like Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Mann-Whitney Test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used to analyse statistical significance.Results: Children with LD have poorer WRS as compared to controls, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) are found at +8 dB SNR and 0 dB SNR. Both groups showed reduction of scores with decreasing SNR. Conclusions: Children with LD show increased speech recognition deficits in the presence of noise. Moderate amount of background noise can interfere with speech perception and can impair educational outcomes in children, with more effect on younger children. Modifications should be implemented in classrooms and during intervention process of children with LD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• hPRE-HoxA3 was identified in the human genome using ENCODE Chip data. • hPRE-HoxA3 acts as Polycomb/Trithorax Response Element. • hPRE-HoxA3 interacts with the known PRE, D11-12, and also other PcG enriched genomic loci. • hPRE-HoxA3 regulates the expression of its target genes by conferring a 3-D PcG enriched chromatin domain. Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins (PcG, TrxG) epigenetically regulate developmental genes. These proteins bind with specific DNA elements, the Polycomb Response Element (PRE). Apart from mutations in polycomb/ trithorax proteins, altered cis -elements like PRE underlie the modified function and thus disease etiology. PREs are well studied in Drosophila, while only a few human PREs have been reported. We have identified a polycomb responsive DNA element, hPRE-HoxA3, in the intron of the HoxA3 gene. The hPRE-HoxA3 represses luciferase reporter activity in a PcG-dependent manner. The endogenous hPRE-HoxA3 element recruits PcG proteins and is enriched with repressive H3K27me3 marks, demonstrating that hPRE-HoxA3 is a part of the PcG-dependent gene regulatory network. Furthermore, it interacts with D11-12, the well-known PRE in the human Hox cluster. hPRE-Hox3 is a part of the 3-dimensional chromosomal domain organization as it is involved in the long-range interaction with other PcG enriched regions of Hox A, B, C, and D clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell death can have both cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles in normal development. Previous studies have shown that the central cell death regulators grim and reaper are required for the developmentally important elimination of stem cells and neurons in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that cell death in the nervous system is also required for normal muscle development. In the absence of grim and reaper , there is an increase in the number of fibers in the ventral abdominal muscles in the Drosophila adult. This phenotype can be partially recapitulated by inhibition of cell death specifically in the CNS, indicating a non-autonomous role for neuronal death in limiting muscle fiber number. We also show that FGFs produced in the cell death defective nervous system are required for the increase in muscle fiber number. Cell death in the muscle lineage during pupal stages also plays a role in specifying fiber number. Our work suggests that FGFs from the CNS act as a survival signal for muscle founder cells. Thus, proper muscle fiber specification requires cell death in both the nervous system and in the developing muscle itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]