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Abstract Visual prostheses such as the Argus II provide partial vision for individuals with limited or no light perception. However, their effectiveness in daily life situations is limited by scene complexity and variability. We investigated whether additional image processing techniques could improve mobility performance in everyday indoor environments. A mobile system connected to the Argus II provided thermal or distance-filtered video stimulation. Four participants used the thermal camera to locate a person and the distance filter to navigate a hallway with obstacles. The thermal camera allowed for finding a target person in 99% of trials, while unfiltered video led to confusion with other objects and a success rate of only 55% ( $$p

In this study, we have examined two specific research questions. First, whether firms around the world with negative performance feedback would resort to more environmental, social, governance [ESG] performance or otherwise. Second, we examine whether firms’ ESG controversies and stakeholder orientation in a cross-country context, with distinctive legal system and ethical behaviour, would motivate them to undertake more ESG performance in such negative performance feedback conditions. Our primary findings show that negative performance feedback of a firm impacts its ESG performance in a strongly negative manner. Furthermore, we prove that both high stakeholder orientation and high ESG controversies significant negatively moderate firms’ ESG inclinations. This holds true irrespective of country-specific legal system and ethical behaviour contexts.

Abstract The Human Activity Recognition (HAR) problem leverages pattern recognition to classify physical human activities as they are captured by several sensor modalities. Remote monitoring of an individual’s activities has gained importance due to the reduction in travel and physical activities during the pandemic. Research on HAR enables one person to either remotely monitor or recognize another person’s activity via the ubiquitous mobile device or by using sensor-based Internet of Things (IoT). Our proposed work focuses on the accurate classification of daily human activities from both accelerometer and gyroscope sensor data after converting into spectrogram images. The feature extraction process follows by leveraging the pre-trained weights of two popular and efficient transfer learning convolutional neural network models. Finally, a wrapper-based feature selection method has been employed for selecting the optimal feature subset that both reduces the training time and improves the final classification performance. The proposed HAR model has been tested on the three benchmark datasets namely, HARTH, KU-HAR and HuGaDB and has achieved 88.89%, 97.97% and 93.82% respectively on these datasets. It is to be noted that the proposed HAR model achieves an improvement of about 21%, 20% and 6% in the overall classification accuracies while utilizing only 52%, 45% and 60% of the original feature set for HuGaDB, KU-HAR and HARTH datasets respectively. This proves the effectiveness of our proposed wrapper-based feature selection HAR methodology.

The plasmonic antenna probe is constructed using a silver rod embedded in a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) ad-drop filter. Rabi antennas are formed when space-time control reaches two levels of system oscillation and can be used as human brain sensor probes. Photonic neural networks are designed using brain-Rabi antenna communication, and transmissions are connected via neurons. Communication signals are carried by electron spin (up and down) and adjustable Rabi frequency. Hidden variables and deep brain signals can be obtained by external detection. A Rabi antenna has been developed by simulation using computer simulation technology (CST) software. Additionally, a communication device has been developed that uses the Optiwave program with Finite-Difference Time-Domain (OptiFDTD). The output signal is plotted using the MATLAB program with the parameters of the OptiFDTD simulation results. The proposed antenna oscillates in the frequency range of 192 THz to 202 THz with a maximum gain of 22.4 dBi. The sensitivity of the sensor is calculated along with the result of electron spin and applied to form a human brain connection. Moreover, intelligent machine learning algorithms are proposed to identify high-quality transmissions and predict the behavior of transmissions in the near future. During the process, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3332(±0.2338) was obtained. Finally, it can be said that our proposed model can efficiently predict human mind, thoughts, behavior as well as action/reaction, which can be greatly helpful in the diagnosis of various neuro-degenerative/psychological diseases (such as Alzheimer's, dementia, etc.) and for security purposes.

In this current era, the identification of both known and novel cell types, the representation of cells, predicting cell fates, classifying various tumor types, and studying heterogeneity in various cells are the key areas of interest in the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Due to the nature of the data, cluster identification in single-cell sequencing data with high dimensions presents several difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a new framework that combines various strategies such as imputed matrix, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) feature selection, and shrinkage clustering to discover gene signatures from scRNA-seq data. Firstly, we conducted the pre-filtering of the “drop-out” value in the data focusing solely on imputing the identified “drop-out” values. Next, we applied the MRMR feature selection method to the imputed data and obtained the top 100 features based on the MRMR feature selection optimization scores for further downstream analysis. Thereafter, we employed shrinkage clustering on the selected feature matrix to identify the cell clusters using a global optimization approach. Finally, we applied the Limma-Voom R tool employing voom normalization and an empirical Bayes test to detect differentially expressed features with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.001. In addition, we performed the KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis of the identified biomarkers using David 6.8 software. Furthermore, we conducted miRNA target detection for the top gene markers and performed miRNA target gene interaction network analysis using the Cytoscape online tool. Subsequently, we compared our detected 100 markers with our previously detected top 100 cluster-specified markers ranked by FDR of the latest published article and discovered three common markers; namely, Cyp2b10, Mt1, Alpi, along with 97 novel markers. In addition, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of both marker sets also yields similar outcomes. Apart from this, we performed another comparative study with another published method, demonstrating that our model detects more significant markers than that model. To assess the efficiency of our framework, we apply it to another dataset and identify 20 strongly significant up-regulated markers. Additionally, we perform a comparative study of different imputation methods and include an ablation study to prove that every key phase of our framework is essential and strongly recommended. In summary, our proposed integrated framework efficiently discovers differentially expressed stronger gene signatures as well as up-regulated markers in single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Background: Restoring sight for the blind using electrical stimulation of the visual pathways is feasible but demands an understanding of the spatial mapping of the visual world at the site of targeted stimulation, whether in the retina, thalamus, or cortex. While a visual cortex stimulator can bypass the eye and create visual percepts, there is an inherent dissociation between this stimulation and eye movements. It is unknown whether and how robustly the brain maintains the oculomotor circuitry in patients with bare- or no-light perception. Objective: To critically and quantitatively evaluate the effect of eye movements have on phosphene locations elicited by cortical stimulation that bypasses the eyes in order to restore sight in blind subjects. Methods: The NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulator (RNS) and the Orion visual cortical prosthesis devices were used to electrically stimulate the visual cortex of blind subjects with bare or no light perception. Eye positions were recorded synchronized with stimulation and the location of the percepts were measured using a handheld marker. Results: The locations of cortical stimulation-evoked percepts are shifted based on the eye position at the time of stimulation. Measured responses can be remapped based on measured eye positions to determine the retinotopic locations associated with the implanted electrodes, with remapped responses having variance limited by pointing error. Conclusions: Eye movements dominate the perceived location of cortical stimulation-evoked phosphenes, even after years of blindness. By accounting for eye positions, we can mimic retinal mapping as in natural sight.

Environmental interactions are ubiquitous in practical instances of any quantum information processing protocol. The interaction results in depletion of various quantum resources and even complete loss in numerous situations. Nonlocality, which is one particular quantum resource marking a significant departure of quantum mechanics from classical mechanics, meets the same fate. In the present work we study the decay in nonlocality to the extent of the output state admitting a local hidden state model. Using some fundamental quantum channels we also demonstrate the complete decay in the resources in the purview of the Bell–Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality and a three-settings steering inequality. We also obtain bounds on the parameter of the depolarizing map for which it becomes steerability breaking pertaining to a general class of two qubit states. Quanta 2019; 8: 57–67.

Big Data is changing how organizations conduct operations. Data are assembled from multiple points of view through online quests, investigation of purchaser purchasing conduct, and then some, and industries utilize it to improve their net revenue and give an overall better experience to clients. Each of these organizations must figure out how to improve the general client experience and meet every client’s novel necessities, and big data helps with this cycle. Through the utilization and reviews of Big Data, travel industry organizations can study the inclinations of more modest portions of their intended interest group or even about people in some cases. In this paper, a Crow Search Optimization-based Hybrid Recommendation Model is proposed to get accurate suggestions based on clients’ preferences. The hybrid recommendation is performed by combining collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. As a result, the advantages of collaborative filtering and content-based filtering are utilized. Moreover, the intelligent behavior of Crows’ assists the proper selection of neighbors, rating prediction, and in-depth analysis of the contents. Accordingly, an optimized recommendation is always provided to the target users. Finally, performance of the proposed model is tested using the TripAdvisor dataset. The experimental results reveal that the model provides 58%, 58.5%, 27%, 24.5%, and 25.5% better Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, Precision, Recall, and F-Measure, respectively, compared to similar algorithms.

Dengue is the most common and widespread arboviral infection in the world today. It is an increasingly prevalent tropical arbovirus infection with significant morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever is a recurrent problem in West Bengal. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive report on the diagnosis of Dengue fever cases with age and sex preponderance, data available from January 2013 to December 2016 at Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal. This is a cross-sectional investigative study done at Malda Medical College. In suspected Dengue fever cases, serum samples were tested for presence of Dengue NS1 antigen and presence of Dengue specific IgM antibodies by IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA), strictly following the manufacturer’s protocol. On the year 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Dengue confirmed cases were 25, 33, 68 and 1102 respectively. The number of Dengue cases in 2016 clearly outnumbered the Dengue cases in 2013, 2014 and 2015. In our study the highest numbers of cases were recorded in the age group 11 to 30 years and males were more affected than females. The majority of the cases were reported during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Dengue is increasing its geographical areas mostly everywhere now and this Dengue epidemiology demands efforts and support for controlling the disease effectively.

A Zika virus disease outbreak occurred in Roatán, Honduras, during September 2015–July 2016. Blood samples and clinical information were obtained from 183 patients given a clinical diagnosis of suspected dengue virus infection. A total of 79 patients were positive for Zika virus, 13 for chikungunya virus, and 6 for dengue virus.

Quantum mechanics is compatible with scenarios where the relative order between two events can be indefinite. Here we show that two independent instances of a noisy process can behave as a perfect quantum communication channel when used in a coherent superposition of two alternative orders. This phenomenon occurs even if the original process has zero capacity to transmit quantum information. In contrast, perfect quantum communication does not occur when the message is sent directly from the sender to the receiver through a superposition of alternative paths, with an independent noise process acting on each path. The possibility of perfect quantum communication through independent noisy channels highlights a fundamental difference between the superposition of orders in time and the superposition of paths in space.

Entanglement is of paramount importance in quantum information theory. Its supremacy over classical correlations has been demonstrated in a numerous information theoretic protocols. Here we study possible adequacy of quantum entanglement in Bayesian game theory, particularly in social welfare solution (SWS), a strategy which the players follow to maximize sum of their payoffs. Given a multi-partite quantum state as an advice, players can come up with several correlated strategies by performing local measurements on their parts of the quantum state. A quantum strategy is called quantum-SWS if it is advantageous over a classical equilibrium (CE) strategy in the sense that none of the players has to sacrifice their CE-payoff rather some have incentive and at the same time it maximizes sum of all players' payoffs over all possible quantum advantageous strategies. Quantum state yielding such a quantum-SWS is called a quantum social welfare advice (SWA). We show that any two-qubit pure entangled state, even if it is arbitrarily close to a product state, can serve as quantum-SWA in some Bayesian game. Our result, thus, gives cognizance to the fact that every two-qubit pure entanglement is the best resource for some operational task.

Flexible work arrangements are now becoming truly normal, aiming to enhance workers' quality of life. Currently, various businesses and organizations are adopting this contracting model to accomplish multiple objectives; aiding workers in managing their jobs a balance of their lives, on the one side, and efficiently and effectively fulfilling their organizational needs and requirements. The biggest push for businesses may be to satisfy the satisfaction of their employees so that they can perform well for the good of all stakeholders. However, swift developments have played an essential role in creating and executing bendable work arrangements in the corporate world. For instance, service industries need funding for long-term educational, banking and telecommunication missions and for press and other sectors responsible for finding innovative job practices that concentrate on consumer loyalty with additional stretching working conditions. The researcher seeks to investigate the effects on employee achievement of flexible working arrangements. It is also evident that flexible working arrangements can be very helpful to enhance and maintain the efficiency of workers. Many flexible arrangement considerations, including job aptitude for versatility and dependability and the approach to flexible working time, have a significant effect on the accomplishment of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All companies aspire to compete against their rivals, retain a strategic edge in the industry, gain the largest market share and be inspired to bring out their utmost to achieve their desired goals at work. Few businesses think they will gain growth and wealth by important assets for their workers. Unfortunately, most companies appear to exploit the dismissal of their workers and talented applicants. Recognizing the critical position of workers appears to have a major effect on operational performance as most companies aim to maintain staff by empowering and enhancing the working standards of their employees. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce certain techniques to retain high quality and ensure performance and efficiency. The research examined the influence of organizational participation and encouragement in banks' work results. A study of 100 participants was tested, and findings were evaluated using the chi-square analysis. The findings revealed a substantial level below 5% which indicates that the study variables are closely linked. The quantitative approach and qualitative framework have been used to analyze their perception of the effects of job retention on the success of workers. Approach a single case study for various branches by implementing a similar case study and addressing a larger number of samples. This allows the researcher to remove the survey challenge and hold evidence from a larger community with a deeper comprehension of the idea of encouragement and how it influences workers' output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce and study the notion of pairwise s-compact spaces in bitopological spaces. The notion of pairwise s-compactness is stronger than the notion of pairwise compactness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this article is to introduce the notions weaker than pairwise paracompactness, and to obtain some of their properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a global scale, lung cancer remains a common malignancy and is largest cause of many deaths related to cancer. Despite the significant advancements in lung cancer diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, many individuals exhibit resistant responses to proven therapies. This focuses on the critical need for novel therapeutic methods to be developed and innovated. Recently, nanotechnology has gained a lot of importance for treating malignancy as it helps improve drug delivery, specificity, reduced dose, and efficient elimination. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are nanocarriers with low particle size, which can be modified for specific delivery. The current review focuses on the significance and application of lipid-based theranostic nanoparticles for cancer therapy, components, method of preparation and factors affecting lipid nanoparticle preparation, along with the clinical trials and patents of LNPs. Therapeutic applications in lung cancer therapy include Chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. Diagnostic applications like SPECT, CT, MRI, PET, Optical fluorescence imaging and NIR. As LNPs are being used more frequently in lung cancer therapy, the ongoing research helps in offering solutions to overcome the issues by conventional treatments. Due to their adaptability to customized medical procedures and the use of numerous components, they hold the potential for treating lung cancer. In conclusion, LNPs offer a viable strategy for treating lung cancer by boosting bioavailability, promoting medication delivery, and removing obstacles. For individualised medicine, they can encapsulate a range of therapeutic, such as immunomodulatory medicines, siRNA, and chemotherapeutic medications. Additional study and clinical validation are required to address scalability, long-term safety, and optimised manufacturing techniques for effective application in lung cancer therapy.

We study a recently proposed Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering inequality (Cavalcanti et al 2015 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32 A74–A81). Analogous to Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality for Bell nonlocality, in the simplest scenario, i.e., two parties, two measurements per party and two outcomes per measurement, this newly proposed inequality has been proved to be necessary and sufficient for steering. In this article we find the optimal violation amount of this inequality in quantum theory. Interestingly, the optimal violation amount matches with optimal quantum violation of CHSH inequality, i.e., Cirel’son quantity. We further study the optimal violation of this inequality for different classes of 2-qubit quantum states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that have become important materials in nanotechnology because of their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. This review emphasizes how crucial MXene conjugates are for several biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer. These two-dimensional (2D) nanoconjugates with photothermal, chemotherapeutic, and photodynamic activities have demonstrated promise for highly effective and noninvasive anticancer therapy. MXene conjugates, with their distinctive optical capabilities, have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency makes them perfect biocompatible and notably proficient nanoscale agents for photothermal applications. The synthesis and characterization of MXenes provide a framework for an in-depth understanding of various fabrication techniques and their importance in the customized formation of MXene conjugates. The following sections explore MXene-based conjugates for nanotheranostics and demonstrate their enormous potential for biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates, such as polymers, metals, graphene, hydrogels, biomimetics, quantum dots, and radio conjugates, exhibit unique properties that can be used for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications in the field of cancer nanotheranostics. An additional layer of understanding into the safety concerns of MXene nanoconjugates is provided by detailing their toxicity viewpoints. Furthermore, the review concludes by addressing the opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of MXene-based nanoconjugates, emphasizing their potential in real-world medical practices.