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Background: Treatment guidance for children and older adult patients affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is unclear due to limited representation of these groups in clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a collaborative retrospective study to describe the effectiveness and safety of antileishmanial treatments in children ≤ 10 and adults ≥ 60 years of age, treated between 2014 and 2018 in ten CL referral centers in Latin America. Results: 2,037 clinical records were assessed for eligibility. Of them, the main reason for non-inclusion was lack of data on treatment follow-up and therapeutic response (182/242, 75% of children and 179/468, 38% of adults). Data on 1,325 eligible CL patients (736 children and 589 older adults) were analyzed. In both age groups, disease presentation was mild, with a median number of lesions of one (IQR: 1–2) and median lesion diameter of less than 3 cm. Less than 50% of the patients had data for two or more follow-up visits post-treatment (being only 28% in pediatric patients). Systemic antimonials were the most common monotherapy regimen in both age groups (590/736, 80.2% of children and 308/589, 52.3% of older adults) with overall cure rates of 54.6% (95% CI: 50.5–58.6%) and 68.2% (95% CI: 62.6–73.4%), respectively. Other treatments used include miltefosine, amphotericin B, intralesional antimonials, and pentamidine. Adverse reactions related to the main treatment were experienced in 11.9% (86/722) of children versus 38.4% (206/537) of older adults. Most adverse reactions were of mild intensity. Conclusion: Our findings support the need for greater availability and use of alternatives to systemic antimonials, particularly local therapies, and development of strategies to improve patient follow-up across the region, with special attention to pediatric populations. Author summary: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease caused by a parasite called Leishmania that affects more than 1 million people worldwide each year and mostly causes chronic skin ulcers. The first line treatment continues to be systemic antimonials, despite drawbacks such as numerous daily injections and toxic side effects. Some groups, including children and older adults, are usually not included in clinical trials and, therefore, specific treatment guidance for them is uncertain due to the scarcity of robust evidence. RedeLEISH, a Latin American network of leishmaniasis researchers, conducted a retrospective study of the medical records of children ≤ 10 years of age and adults ≥ 60 years of age, treated between 2014 and 2018 in ten CL referral centers in the region, with the aim of learning about and documenting the effectiveness and tolerability of routine antileishmanial treatments, and ultimately contributing to improving the management of these patient groups. Our findings, based on 1,325 eligible patients' records (589 adults ≥ 60 years of age and 736 children ≤ 10 years of age), showed that in both age groups the disease presents predominantly in a mild form, but that the most commonly used treatment, systemic antimonials, has limited effectiveness. This supports and encourages greater use of local therapies, and other treatment alternatives in these special populations. The results of this study also highlight the need to develop strategies for better follow-up of routine CL treatment and determination of effectiveness, as lack of such information was the principal criterion for exclusion of patients screened for eligibility, and less than 50% of eligible patients had information on two or more follow-up visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a type of scarring alopecia that has been associated with different skin lesions including lichen planus pigmentosus. Both diseases share common pathophysiological mechanisms, which explain their coexistence in the same patient. We report 12 cases of mestizo women with frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus confirmed by histopathology and discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms shared by both diseases. The most important pathophysiological mechanism common to both diseases is the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response, which is directed against keratinocytes and hair follicle stem cells, causing apoptosis and damage to the basal layer, with consequent tissue remodeling that determines the clinical appearance of the lesions of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of a 68 years-old patient who presented with a digital ulcer as an initial expression of limited systemic scleroderma. It shows the importance of a dermatologist intervention with an adequate clinical history, physical examination, screening and clinical and pathological correlation to find an early diagnosis and to establish a suitable treatment in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Hospital Militar Central of Bogotá is an institution that provides fourth level health services, where a great percentage of patientscorresponds to pediatric population. It is then important, to characterize the dermatologic consults from patients seen in the emergency room and those hospitalized in this descriptive retrospective study. The objective of the study was to characterize the most frequent consults in the pediatric population who attended the Dermatology Service of the Hospital Militar Central, by age, disease prevalence and personal records. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study in pediatric patients (0-14 years old) seen in dermatology. The information was obtained from the Dermatology service database. Results: a total of 263 patients were analyzed, 73% from the emergency room and 26% inpatients. The age mean was 4.9 years. In the distribution by age, The scholars occupied the first place in frequency with the 26.2%. 43.75% of the patients who attended the emergency room and 78.87% of the inpatients had a medical history of different diseases, being the most frequent broncho obstructive Syndrome and Oncohematologic disease. Infectious diseases were the most common in patients seen in the emergency room (42.7%) and in inpatients (43.66%). Viral exanthema and herpetic infections occupied the first place respectively. Conclusion: The characterization of the clinical and epidemiological behavior of skin diseases in pediatric population has a strong importance, because it leads to optimization of dermatologic and pediatric attention, that based on the information from this study can develop clinical guidelines to unify diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow up elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hidradenoma is a rare adnexal tumor, and its histogenesis is uncertain, because although initially attributed eccrine origin, confirmed by enzymatic findings, recent reports have described the decapitation secretion in tubular differentiation areas, which would result in some cases of apocrine differentiation. It is often located on the face, neck and trunk. It grows slowly and is usually asymptomatic. Although it often occurs in middle-aged women, there are reports in the literature with a wide age range from 3 to 93 years and it has a low incidence of developing malignancy. We report the case of a woman with a hidradenoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune poliglandular syndrome is an infrequent pathology that is characterized by the coexistence of two or more endocrine insufficiencies due to an autoimmune mechanism. We present a patient with autoimmune poliglandular syndrome type IIIc, who presents with autoimmune thyroid disease, vitiligo, and diabetes mellitus type i. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital hemangiomas are vascular tumors that have an intrauterine growing phase. They are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician with the possibility of a vascular malformation. We present the case of a newborn with a congenital vascular abnormality with a clinical diagnostic of rapid involuting congenital hemangioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limb regeneration studies have been extensively carried out in species of Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae families. So far limited research has been conducted in species belonging to the Plethodontidae family, where some of the species differs from other salamander families due to their direct development, thus absence of a larval life. Here, we describe a protocol to maintain the plethodontid salamanders of genus Bolitoglossa species under laboratory conditions to perform regeneration studies.