Search

Five heat treatment methods including hot-air drying at 60 ℃, pasteurization at 80 ℃, four kinds of baking (110~140 ℃), steaming at 100 ℃ and boiling at 100 ℃ were used to treat Ziziphus jujuba cv. Huizao. The effect of different heating temperatures and heat treatment methods on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, total procyanidin content, phenolic compounds content, triterpenic acids content and antioxidant capacities of jujube were analyzed. The results showed that the active compound contents and antioxidant activities of jujube decreased after hot-air drying at 60 ℃, pasteurization at 80 ℃, steaming at 100 ℃ and boiling at 100 ℃. And the active compound contents in baked jujube at 110~140 ℃ showed an upward trend with the increasing of temperature. After baking at 140 ℃, the contents of total phenol, total flavonoid, total procyanidin and total triterpenic acids reached 341.3, 473.8, 659.3 and 560.4 mg UAE/100 g md. Baking treatment enhanced the antioxidant activities of jujube. After baking at 130 ℃, the DPPH· scavenging capacity of jujube reached 62.97 mmol TE/100 g md, and the ABTS+· scavenging capacity reached 47.96 mmol TE/100 g md. After baking at 130 and 140 ℃, the contents of active compound in jujube were higher than other groups and the antioxidant activities were stronger than other groups, so baking would be a suitable heat treatment methods for Ziziphus jujuba cv. Huizao processing.

In order to improve the database of biochemical components of mulberry germplasm resources and screen the leaves of high-quality edible medicinal mulberry germplasm resources, this study used entropy weight-TOPSIS method to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional, functional and color quality of four main mulberry varieties (Shansang 305, Husang 197, 707 and Xiaoyesang) in Shaanxi Province. The correlation between the quality indexes of mulberry leaves of different varieties was also analyzed. The results showed that the content of ash, crude protein, total phenols, DNJ and other components were significantly different among different varieties of mulberry leaves (P

Sound-producing movements in percussion performance require a high degree of fine motor control. However, there remains a relatively limited empirical understanding of how performance level abilities develop in percussion performance in general, and marimba performance specifically. To address this issue, nine percussionists performed individualised excerpts on marimba within three testing sessions spaced 29 days apart to assess early, intermediate, and late stages of motor learning. Motor learning was quantified via analyses of both the temporal control of mallet movements, and the spatial variability of upper-limb movements. The results showed that temporal control of mallet movements was greater in the intermediate compared to the early learning session, with no significant additional improvements revealed in the late learning session. In addition, spatial variability in the left and right elbows decreased within the intermediate compared to the early learning session. The results suggest that temporal control of mallet movements may be driven by reductions in spatial variability of elbow movements specifically. As a result, this study provides novel evidence for kinematic mechanisms underlying motor learning in percussion which can be applied towards enhancing musical training.

The present study investigated motor kinematics underlying performance-related movements in marimba performance. Participants played a marimba while motion capture equipment tracked movements of the torso, shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hands. Principal components analysis was applied to assess the movements during the performance related to sound production and sound preparation. Subsequent cluster analyses sought to identify coupling of limb segment movements that may best characterize performance styles present in the performance. The analysis revealed four clusters that were thought to reflect performance styles of expressive performance, postural sway, energy efficiency, and a blend of the former styles. More specifically, the expressive cluster was best characterized by limb movements occurring along the vertical z-axis, whereas the postural sway cluster was characterized by forwards and backwards motions of the torso and upper limbs. The energy efficient cluster was characterized by movements of the body moving left to right along the marimba, whereas the blended style demonstrated limited delineation from the alternate styles. Such findings were interpreted as evidence that performance styles occur within a framework of biomechanical constraints and hierarchical stylistic factors. Overall, the results provided a more holistic understanding of motor execution in percussion performance.

Umami peptides are important taste components of foods. In this study, umami peptides from Hypsizygus marmoreus hydrolysate were purified through ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and RP-HPLC, and then identified using LC-MS/MS. The binding mechanism of umami peptides with the receptor, T1R1/T1R3, was investigated using computational simulations. Five novel umami peptides were obtained: VYPFPGPL, YIHGGS, SGSLGGGSG, SGLAEGSG, and VEAGP. Molecular docking results demonstrated that all five umami peptides could enter the active pocket in T1R1; Arg277, Tyr220, and Glu301 were key binding sites; and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction were critical interaction forces. VL-8 had the highest affinity for T1R3. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that VYPFPGPL (VL-8) could be steadily packed inside the binding pocket of T1R1 and the electrostatic interaction was the dominant driving force of the complex (VL-8-T1R1/T1R3) formation. Arg residues (151, 277, 307, and 365) were important contributors to binding affinities. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of umami peptides in edible mushrooms.

The music of Steve Reich has been widely written about. In this article I will focus on choreographies set to live performances of Drumming (1971). Drumming is perhaps Reich's most important early work and a culmination of his various musical explorations and compositional techniques. I have selected three choreographers: Laura Dean, creator of the first choreography set to the music of Drumming (1972); Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker, a choreographer whose works such as Drumming (1998) share Reich's underlying principle of structures as processes; and Ginette Laurin, whose La vie qui bat (1999) was a joint production between Montreal dance company O Vertigo and the Société de musique contemporaine du Québec (SMCQ). As this issue celebrates SMCQ's 50th anniversary, this article will center on the making and performance practice of La vie qui bat. In preparing this article, the author interviewed Russell Hartenberger (Steve Reich and Musicians), Ginette Laurin, and Walter Boudreau (Artistic Director of the SMCQ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and performance practice of the Canadian composer Brian Cherney's music is contextualized in interviews with violist Marina Thibeault, pianist Julia Den Boer, and percussionist Paul Vaillancourt. These three musicians performed major works by Cherney in "Illuminations: Brian Cherney at 75" to celebrate the work and life of the composer. All three interviewees analyze the challenges presented by Cherney's scores and discuss the ways they found inspiration in the interpretation of the music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]