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Soybeans with small seed sizes and high seed yield potential are crucial for addressing the needs of soybean-based industries. The objectives of the study were to investigate the maternal effect and quantify the value of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action in F1 plants from soybean crosses with small-seeded. In the present investigation, the experiment was conducted in the screen house of the Indonesian Legume and Tubers Crop Research Institute (ILETRI) located in Malang (East Java, Indonesia) from March to July 2021. The F1 plants were derived from crosses of Lokal Jember × Tidar, Tidar × Gepak Kuning, Gepak Kuning × Detam 3, and their reciprocals. The parental genotypes and F1 plants were all planted. The observed data were plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, number of filled pods, the weight of 10 seeds, and seed yield/plant. The performance of the F1 plants showed variation for all observed traits, which is mostly averaged between the two parents, including 10 seed weight and seed yield. There was no maternal effect for almost all agronomic traits on all crosses and their reciprocals, except for the number of nodes in the cross of Gepak Kuning × Detam 3. Heterosis (hMP) and heterobeltiosis (hHP) of F1 derived from six cross combinations for seven agronomic traits ranged from -25.93 to 186.27 and -94.83 to 114.71, respectively. Based on the potence ratio, the gene action was differed from a cross to cross for seed yield and its components. The degree of dominance for seed size and seed yield varied from overdominance, incomplete dominance, and complete dominance. Thus, based on the present investigation, it is possible to develop soybean varieties with small seed sizes and high yield by using pedigree selection on F2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pod shattering has become the major problem in soybean production. The research aims to identify the pod shattering resistance and to assess the agronomic performances of 50 soybean genotypes and the association among agronomic characters. Methods: The research materials were 50 soybean genotypes which consisted of 47 lines derived from routine crossing programs and three check cultivars. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two replications. The data were observed for yield and its component traits. The oven-dry method was performed in the laboratory to assess the pod shattering resistance. Result: Variation among genotypes was found in the pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters. The genotype by trait biplot graph showed that pod shattering was negatively correlated with the days to maturity and plant height, but positively correlated with the seed size. Soybean genotypes of Grob/G100H-1-588 and G100H/Mhmr-4-993 were resistant to pod shattering and have a high seed weight per plant. These genotypes were potential for further varietal development or could be used as gene sources in the soybean improvement program for pod shattering resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The infestation of the pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis is one of the limiting factors of soybean productivity in Indonesia. The research aims were to identify the level of resistance to the pod sucking bug R. linearis on several soybean genotypes based on the no-choice test (NCT) and free-choice tests (FCT). Methods: The genetic materials used were 49 soybean genotypes. The study was conducted in the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) from August to December 2020, using the randomized block design in triplicates. The evaluation for pod sucking bug resistance was based on NCT and FCT. Result: The FCT resulted in two genotypes with a consistent moderately resistance level (20-40% of damage intensity) to pod sucking bug based on the pod and seed damage intensity. The NCT method resulted in five genotypes as moderately resistant (20-40% of damage intensity) to pod sucking bug based on the seed damage. The NCT resulted in higher average intensity of pod and seed damage (80.25% and 71.23%, respectively) than the FCT (69.91% and 69.09%, respectively). Two soybean genotypes (Degra/Anjasmoro-1-559 and Anjasmoro/IAC100-2-618) with a consistent moderately resistance level could be used for cultivar improvement in the breeding program. The pod trichome density was suggested to be one of the effective morphological defenses against the pod sucking bug attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the major constraints of soybean production in Indonesia is pod shattering which occurs after soybean pod maturity. This study aimed to identify the pod shattering resistance of different pod positions in the plant stem. Metohds: Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in the field research during the dry season 2019. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ten sample plants were randomly taken after R8 phase. Plant was divided into three parts, i.e. upper part, middle part and lower part. The shattering evaluation was done using the oven-dry method in the laboratory. The observation on the number of shattered pods was measured for each part of plant stem. Result: Pod shattering was different among the pod positions as well as among genotypes. One genotype was categorized as resistant, eight genotypes were moderate, six genotypes were susceptible and one genotype was highly susceptible. The highest percentage of the shattered pods was in the lower part of the plant stem, followed by the middle and upper part, respectively. The resistant genotypes showed the shattered pods mostly in the lower part of the stem, the moderate genotypes showed the shattered pods mostly in the lower and middle part of the stem and the susceptible genotypes shattered in all part of the stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean productivity can be increased by constant enhancement in the genetic yield potential of the genotypes and to reduce the yield losses due to different factors. The objectives of the present study were to screen and identify the F5 soybean promising lines through agronomic characters and pod shattering resistance. For soybean yield, the selection was made in the segregating populations through pedigree method which resulted in a total of 591 F5 populations and their four parental genotypes (Anjasmoro, G100H, Rajabasa, and Grobogan). Parental cultivar Anjasmoro is highly resistant to pod shattering, whereas the three other parental cultivars are high yielder but medium to susceptible in resistance to pod shattering. For shattering resistance, each soybean line was planted in 4.0 m single row, and then screened as per oven-dry method. Based on resistance to pod shattering, and the resistant gene source (found in cultivar Anjasmoro), 104 populations (16.40%) were selected out of 591 F5 lines and were classified as 'very resistant' to pod shattering. The pod length was one of the important contributors to the pod shattering resistance. New recombinations between Anjasmoro and other susceptible parental genotypes were able to have resistance to pod shattering and perform better for agronomic traits. Through simultaneous selection for pod shattering resistance and agronomic traits, the 30 lines were further selected based on maximum resistance to pod shattering and high grain yield. These selected F5 lines could be used in future breeding program for the development of soybean genotypes with genetic potential of pod shattering resistance and good yield in the tropical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These last few years, the name of soybeans soared as a source of biodiesel. Soy biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from soybean oil. Soybean potential as an alternative renewable energy source because it is expected to have the highest energy content compared to other alternative fuels. Opportunities to develop biodiesel using soybean oil in Indonesia is quite large, considering the soybean is a commodity that is already known and widely cultivated almost in all over Indonesia. In addition, the use of soybean for biofuel feedstock is expected to motivate farmers to cultivate soybeans, so their use is not limited to non-energy raw materials. Soybean varieties that have a high oil content as well as high yield is a source of major biodiesel feedstock. From 73 soybean varieties that have been released in Indonesia, has an average oil content of 18%. Varieties with high oil content can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Research on the use of soy as an ingredient of energy crops (biodiesel) have been carried out. In fact, soybean oil is the vegetable oil feedstock for most of the biodiesel being produced in the United States today. With the potential for soybean crops in Indonesia, both in terms of availability of land and varieties, the use of soybean oil for biofuel development in Indonesia is the flagship prospective materials for bio fuel substitute than other plants in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system design for low-power rotary applications. The aim of a rotary CPT system is to be free of power cables so it can achieve 360 degrees of free rotation, while remaining simple and easy to clean. In this work, a class-E high-frequency inverter with second-order LC compensation is proposed to drive the rotary CPT system. An LC compensation circuit is applied on both stationary and rotating sides in order to maximise the power transfer by increasing the voltage across the coupling plates. By implementing the proposed technique, the Class-E LCCL rotary CPT system that is efficient and less sensitive to load variations can be achieved. A Boost converter is also proposed here to provide input impedance matching and tune the input power of the Class-E LCCL rotary CPT system. A 10 W multiple plate rotary CPT prototype based on cascaded Boost- Class E LCCL is designed and implemented to demonstrate efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) across the rotating load. The results reveal >76% power transfer efficiency is successfully achieved at 1 MHz operating frequency and with 7.67 W output power.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of assessing velocity time integral at different locations across ventricular outflow tracts for calculating cardiac output (CO) in neonates. Velocity time integral (VTI) and CO were measured at 3 different locations across right and left ventricular outflow tracts using transthoracic echocardiography in healthy term neonates without any major congenital heart disease. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to determine the differences between the VTI and CO sampled at these three locations. Forty-one neonates met inclusion criteria with mean gestational age of 38.6 ± 1 weeks and mean birth weight of 3155 ± 463 g. The median hours after birth when echocardiography was obtained was 23 h (range 11-68 h after birth). Left CO were 121 ± 30 mL/kg/min, 155 ± 38 mL/kg/min, and 176 ± 36 mL/kg/min measured below the valve, hinges of the valve, and tip of the valve, respectively. Right CO were 197 ± 73 mL/kg/min, 270 ± 83 mL/kg/min, and 329 ± 104 mL/kg/min measured below the valve, hinges of the valve, and tip of the valve, respectively. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found in the VTI and CO measured at the 3 different locations across both left and right ventricular outflow tracts.     Conclusions: There is a significant difference in measurements of VTI and CO depending on the location of Doppler gate sampling across the ventricular outflow tracts. Consistency and precision in Doppler gate location are essential for measuring VTI and calculating CO while assessing changes in hemodynamic status in critically ill infants. What is Known: • Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography is increasingly applied to measure cardiac output in critically ill neonates and serial assessments are performed to assess the trend in changes in cardiac output. • Noninvasive measurement using velocity time integral to calculate cardiac output is commonly performed. However, location of Doppler sample gate to measure ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral is not consistent. What is New: • Statistically significant changes in measured velocity time integral and cardiac output are noted based on the location of Doppler gate sampling. • To monitor the cardiac output for trending, it is important to be consistent with regards to the location of the Doppler sample gate to assess changes in cardiac output in critically ill newborns., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common cardiovascular problem that develops in preterm infants and evidence regarding the best treatment approach is lacking. Currently available medical options to treat a PDA include indomethacin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Wide variation exists in PDA treatment practices across Canada. In view of this large practice variation across Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), we plan to conduct a comparative effectiveness study of the different pharmacotherapeutic agents used to treat the PDA in preterm infants., Methods and Analysis: A multicentre prospective observational comparative-effectiveness research study of extremely preterm infants born <29 weeks gestational age with an echocardiography confirmed PDA will be conducted. All participating sites will self-select and adhere to one of the following primary pharmacotherapy protocols for all preterm babies who are deemed to require treatment.Standard dose ibuprofen (10 mg/kg followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg at 24 hours intervals) irrespective of postnatal age (oral/intravenous).Adjustable dose ibuprofen (oral/intravenous) (10 mg/kg followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg at 24 hours intervals if treated within the first 7 days after birth. Higher doses of ibuprofen up to 20 mg/kg followed by two doses of 10 mg/kg at 24 hours intervals if treated after the postnatal age cut-off for lower dose as per the local centre policy).Acetaminophen (oral/intravenous) (15 mg/kg every 6 hours) for 3-7 days.Intravenous indomethacin (0.1-0.3 mg/kg intravenous every 12-24 hours for a total of three doses)., Outcomes: The primary outcome is failure of primary pharmacotherapy (defined as need for further medical and/or surgical/interventional treatment following an initial course of pharmacotherapy). The secondary outcomes include components of the primary outcome as well as clinical outcomes related to response to treatment or adverse effects of treatment., Sites and Sample Size: The study will be conducted in 22 NICUs across Canada with an anticipated enrollment of 1350 extremely preterm infants over 3 years., Analysis: To examine the relative effectiveness of the four treatment strategies, the primary outcome will be compared pairwise between the treatment groups using χ 2 test. Secondary outcomes will be compared pairwise between the treatment groups using χ 2 test, Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test as appropriate. To further examine differences in the primary and secondary outcomes between the four groups, multiple logistic or linear regression models will be applied for each outcome on the treatment groups, adjusted for potential confounders using generalised estimating equations to account for within-unit-clustering. As a sensitivity analysis, the difference in the primary and secondary outcomes between the treatment groups will also be examined using propensity score method with inverse probability weighting approach., Ethics and Dissemination: The study has been approved by the IWK Research Ethics Board (#1025627) as well as the respective institutional review boards of the participating centres., Trial Registration Number: NCT04347720., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Three experiments were conducted to find out whether the standard Implicit Association Test (IAT) could be used to distinguish truthful and deceitful witnesses. We anticipated that IAT effects would be greater after lying. Participants were asked to answer questions with incorrect answers (i.e., the lie condition) or correct answers (i.e., the truthful condition). A third group of participants were not interviewed (a control group). Participants then took the IAT, in which they were asked to associate correct and incorrect answers with positive or negative attributes. Results demonstrate that standard IAT effects are greater after lying than after truth telling, but only when attribute labels were clearly and explicitly linked to positive and negative affect. Theoretical implications are considered.

An 11-year-old patient with diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) developed marked elevation of troponin I in the absence of electrocardiographic signs of ischemia after two episodes of supraventricular tachycardia. At follow-up the level of troponin I returned to normal. The role of troponin I in patients with HCM as a risk marker deserves further evaluation.