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Migrant farmwork is often characterized by harsh working conditions that carry significant physical and mental health consequences. Using a learned helplessness framework, the current study examined the extent to which discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences moderated the effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety. The study also examined the extent to which harsh working conditions mediated the effects of discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences on depression and anxiety. Participants were 241 migrant farmworkers recruited in the Midwest. Participants completed interviews consisting of the Migrant Farmworker Stress Index (MFWSI), Adverse Childhood Events scale (ACEs), Everyday Discrimination Scale, the Centers for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and the seven item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Tests of indirect effects suggested, working conditions mediated the effects of ACEs, immigration legal status fears, and discrimination on CES-D and GAD-7 scores (p-values < .05). Higher ACEs and discrimination also appeared to be associated with larger effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety (p-values < .05), while legal status fears did not significantly moderate the effect of harsh working conditions on either outcome (p-values > .05). Likely through different mechanisms, adverse childhood experiences, discrimination and immigration legal status are associated with higher risk of harsh working conditions and subsequently these conditions account for much of the relations between these three stressors with depression and anxiety. Additionally, discrimination and adverse childhood experiences appear to then enhance the effects of working conditions.

The predominant catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may be hepatotoxic in high doses. Our objective was to investigate the influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) genotypes on changes in liver injury biomarkers in response to long-term, high-dose green tea extract (GTE) supplementation among postmenopausal women. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (N = 1,075), in which participants were randomized to consume high-dose GTE (843 mg/day EGCG) or placebo capsules for 12 months. Analysis of covariance adjusting for potential confounders was performed to examine changes in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST: ALT ratio, and alkaline phosphatase from baseline to months 3, 6, 9, and 12 across COMT and UGT1A4 genotypes. Mean age and BMI within the GTE group (n = 400) were 59.8 yrs and 25.1 kg/m2, respectively, and 98% of subjects were white. From baseline to month 3, mean AST: ALT ratio change was +1.0% in the COMT (rs4680) A/G genotype versus −4.8% in the A/A genotype (p = 0.03). From baseline to months 6 and 9, respectively, mean ALT change was +78.1% and +82.1% in the UGT1A4 (rs6755571) A/C genotype versus +28.0% and +30.1% in the C/C genotype (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The UGT1A4 (rs6755571) A/C genotype may be an important risk factor for clinically-relevant serum transaminase elevations with 6-9 months of high-dose GTE supplementation among postmenopausal women. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of GTE-related hepatotoxicity may allow for a genetically-informed paradigm for therapeutic use of GTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalography is a technique, which allows to capture brain activity. Devices BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) are being used to evaluate the UX (User eXperience). We present a study where was designed an experiment using the OPENBCI device. The experiment consisted of capturing the brain activity to analyse the data of a group of people (women; men) when they interacted with a classic game called Snake. Therefore, the study designed two interaction ways. First interaction involved a traditional interaction with computer and keyboard. The second interaction involve the use of NFC cards and a mobile device. Also, were applied questionnaires, such as: SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin), NASA-TLX and SUS (System Usability Scale), to compare the information recollected through of the BCI, which consistency with the data was reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold-coated gradient-index filters based on nanoporous anodic alumina (Au-coated NAA–GIFs) were used as model platforms to elucidate how Tamm plasmons can be tailored by engineering the geometric features of the plasmonic and photonic components of these hybrid structures. NAA–GIFs with well-resolved, intense photonic stopbands at two positions of the visible spectrum were fabricated through sinusoidal pulse anodization. These model photonic crystals were used to assess how the quality of Tamm plasmon resonances can be enhanced by tuning the features of the dielectric mirror and the thickness of the porous gold coating layer. It is found that the highest value of the quality factor of Tamm resonance (QTamm = 237) is obtained for 11 nm of gold on a dielectric mirror with low porosity corresponding to the resonant spectral position of λTamm of ∼698 nm. Our analysis indicates that Tamm resonances in as-produced Au-coated NAA–GIFs are weak due to the constrained range of wavelengths (narrow bands) at which these photonic crystal structures reflect light. However, after broadening of their photonic stopband upon pore widening, Tamm resonances become better resolved, with higher intensity. It is also observed that the quality of light confinement worsens progressively with the thickness of the porous gold coating layer after a critical value. In contrast to conventional surface plasmon resonance systems, this hybrid Tamm porous system does not require complex coupling systems and provides a nanoporous structure that can be readily tailored for a range of photonic technologies such as sensing and lasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista AUS is the property of Revista AUS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Población & Sociedad is the property of Población & Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing number of electronic devices on board and the use of novel composite materials in the aerospace industry create a harsh electromagnetic environment that must be studied. In this article, a UAV demonstrator (DEMO-E3) with different test cases is evaluated through the low-level swept field test following a nested resonant chambers approach, which is framed under the high intensity radio frequency measurements. The aim is to analyze the difference in terms of the shielding effectiveness of the enclosure considering the different materials and apertures of each test sample. Some of the test cases had been previously measured independently, according to the IEC 61000-4-21 standard, while in this study, they are incorporated into the demonstrator and former results are used as a comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research with immigrant Latino populations often point to findings that immigrants tend to evidence better health outcomes than nonimmigrants. When exploring differences based on nativity, comparisons often end with just comparing these two groups. Exploring these variables alone may oversimplify the shared and unique paths of risk and resilience between these groups. Experimental research shows that discrimination is often directed toward immigrants, but U.S.-born Latinos report more frequent exposure. We sought to address this by examining two distinct pathways by which discrimination leads to negative health. A sample of 240 Latino migrant farmworkers completed questionnaires regarding immigration-related fears, discrimination, physical and mental health, demographics, and other outcomes. While U.S.-born participants reported similar or worse outcomes across health measures, the pathways to these outcomes appeared to differ between the two groups, with immigration-related fears accounting for substantial portions of these health outcomes, especially in the dual paths with discrimination (p values <.05). Simply comparing Latino groups across U.S. nativity may paper over important differences in how they arrive at those health outcomes, including that immigration-related concerns may exacerbate exposure to and severity of discrimination, which in turn leads to negative health outcomes. On the other hand, discrimination itself may account for numerous negative health outcomes more directly for U.S.-born Latinos. Public Policy Relevance Statement: Latino migrant farmworkers often face discrimination and immigration fears. These experiences often lead to a decrease in healthcare service use and increase in negative health outcomes among Latino migrant farmworkers. Given the unique experiences of U.S.-born and non-U.S.-Latino migrant farmworkers, it is important to look at how each group experiences discrimination and immigration fear separately in order to address barriers to healthcare service use and health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control and harness the intrinsic photoluminescence of solid-state, light-emitting materials produced by self-organization approaches remain challenging. This study demonstrates how the intrinsic broadband photoluminescence emission from nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) produced by anodization of aluminum in oxalic acid electrolyte can be precisely tuned by engineering its structure in the form of photonic crystals (PCs). A combination of pulse and constant anodization in distinct acid electrolytes makes it possible to engineer a novel heterogeneous optical structure consisting of two layers: (i) a non-emitting, light-filtering layer in the form of multi-spectral nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (MS–NAA–PCs) on its top (i.e., 58 µm thick and average pore diameter of 17 nm) and (ii) an intrinsically light-emitting layer of NAA at its bottom (i.e., 50 µm thick an average pore diameter of 40 nm). MS–NAA–PCs are engineered to feature three intense, well-resolved photonic stopbands (PSBs), the positions of which are spaced at specific regions of the visible spectrum from ∼380 to 560 nm. It is demonstrated that the PSBs of the non-emitting MS–NAA–PCs on top of the heterogeneous optical structure act as a light-filtering component, which makes it possible to narrow and tune the characteristically broad, Gaussian-like photoluminescence emission from the underlying light-emitting NAA layer. This structural design makes it possible to narrow the width of photoluminescence emission up to ∼50 nm and blue shift its position for ∼15 nm. Our advances pave the way for novel designs of intrinsic, light-emitting NAA-based PC structures, which could find broad applicability across light technologies, such as sensing and biosensing, photodetection, and solar light harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Población is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Poblacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Method: Two hundred Hispanic emerging adults from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101) completed a cross‐sectional survey, and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. Results: Higher social media discrimination was associated with higher symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Moderation analyses indicated that higher social media discrimination was only associated with symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety among men, but not women. Conclusion: This is likely the first study on social media discrimination and mental health among emerging adults; thus, expanding this emerging field of research to a distinct developmental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: the article investigates the links between groups of plastic artists and communist parties in the Southern Cone in the 1930s. The visits of David Alfaro Siqueiros to Montevideo and Buenos Aires in 1933 are taken as a gateway to address an 'intense moment' of the intersection between art and politics. The research adopts intellectual history as its main framework. On the one hand, it aims to study artists qua intellectuals because they formulated aesthetic-political postulates both through their works and writings that reflected on the social function of art. On the other hand, the framework of ideas, contexts, dynamics, and tensions typical of artistic-intellectual groups is analyzed. Methodology: the analysis and interpretation of primary sources is highlighted, both of visual works and writings on art, and there is a dialogue with secondary bibliography on the history of art, the history of communism, and cultural history. Originality: the article places communist groups in a 'zone' of the cultural fields of the Southern Cone. Thus, it captures the articulations between party membership and insertion in artistic circuits and formulates a new look at the link between communism and art in regions where communism was not a ruling party. Conclusions: Siqueiros' visits to the Rio de la Plata metropolises generated a scenario in which a singular convergence between art and politics took place, which, unlike that which occurred in the 1960s and 1970s in the region, did not deny or break the modes of operation of the artistic field, but fought a battle to transform it from within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive study on structural and optical engineering of high-quality nanoporous anodic alumina gradient-index filters (NAA-GIFs) by selective addition of alcohols to the anodizing acid electrolyte is presented. Analysis of the combined effect of type (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol) and concentration (from 10 to 70 vol %) of alcohol additives in sulfuric acid electrolytes on the optical features of the characteristic photonic stopband of NAA-GIFscentral wavelength, full width at half maximum, intensity, and quality factorallows us to elucidate the most optimal fabrication conditions to produce high-quality NAA-GIFs by sinusoidal pulse anodization under mild conditions. Comprehensive electrochemical, structural, optical, and chemical analyses demonstrate that a suitable selection of type and concentration of the alcohol additive is critical in controlling the quality of forbidden light propagation within these photonic crystal (PC) structures. Particularly, NAA-GIFs produced by sinusoidal pulse anodization in the sulfuric acid electrolyte modified with 40 vol % methanol achieve an outstanding quality factor of ∼58 (32–54% superior than that of other alcohol additives). Our findings indicate that a combination of anodic oxide growth rate and suppressing dissolution efficiencies, mildly branched nanoporous structure, and incorporation of carbon-containing impurities into the structure of NAA-GIFs are critical factors in enhancing light-forbidding quality of these NAA-based PCs. Our results advance the understanding of structural engineering of NAA-PCs by dynamic modification of the input anodization profile under optimal electrolyte conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Divergencia is the property of Taller de Historia Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current study examines the moderating role of traditional machismo on mental health outcomes. We hypothesized that machismo would enhance the effects of stressors that are incongruent with traditional machismo beliefs (discrimination, adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and fear of deportation) on depression and anxiety outcomes but would not enhance stressors that are congruent (harsh working conditions and poverty) on depression and anxiety. Participants were 190 male Mexican migrant farmworkers. As hypothesized, endorsing high traditional machismo was associated with stronger effects of fear of deportation and discrimination on depression outcomes compared with low traditional machismo. The interaction of machismo and ACEs was not significant in predicting depression or anxiety. Moreover, machismo did not moderate the effects of poverty or harsh working conditions on depression or anxiety outcomes. Results partially supported our hypotheses and suggested that the effect of machismo on depression may be better understood in the context of value-incongruent stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated to vital satisfaction in the elderly from Argentina in 2012. Materials and methods: Data from National Survey of Quality of Life in the Elderly (ENCaVIAM for its acronym in Spanish) was used. The vital satisfaction and its association with the sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, networks and use of free time, was analyzed according to gender. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was carried out. Results: The variables related to greater life satisfaction in men and women were: older age, lower educational level, working as a volunteer/or in a community organization, participating in trips and/or tourist trips, meeting with friends, and providing help to others. The variables related to lower life satisfaction were: not living together as a couple, presenting visual and/or auditory impairment, negative self-perception of health, and diagnosis of depression among others. Additionally, a greater life satisfaction was observed in women if they were retired or pensioned, and in men if they were regularly practicing any physical activity. Lower life satisfaction was observed in women if they were dependent and in men, if they had a negative self-perception of memory. Conclusions: These results are important to implement or improve policies aimed to influence the subjective quality of life of the elderly in Argentina and expand the body of knowledge around the factors that affect life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The levels of 20 metals (aluminum, boron, barium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, lead, strontium, vanadium, and zinc) were analyzed in muscle and liver tissue of Trachurus picturatus marketed in the Canary Islands (Spain) by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In the liver samples, the mean concentrations in milligrams per kilogram wet weight (wt) of Al (14.7), B (0.99), Ba (1.64), Ca (314), Cd (2.52), Co (0.15), Cu (4.07), Fe (106), Li (3.89), Mn (0.85), Mo (0.16), Na (1510), Ni (0.51), Pb (0.36), Sr (3.54), V (0.78), and Zn (23.13) were higher than those detected in the muscle samples in milligrams per killogram wet wt, which were as follows: Al (8.76), B (0.07), Ba (0.30), Ca (210), Cd (0.01), Co (0.01), Cu (1.51 ), Fe (7.33), Li (1.08), Mn (0.12), Mo (0.01), Na (697), Ni (0.11), Pb (0.04), Sr (1.45), V (0.01), and Zn (4.69). The mean concentrations of Cr, K, and Mg (0.14, 1,904, and 243 mg/kg wet wt, respectively) were higher in muscle than in liver (0.05, 1,333 and 236 mg/kg wet wt, respectively). The mean concentrations of Cd and Pb (0.01 and 0.04 mg/kg wet wt) in muscle did not exceed the maximum limits established by a European Commission regulation (0.1 mg of Cd/kg and 0.3 mg of Pb/kg, respectively). Considering a mean daily consumption of fish muscle for the adult population of 31.9 g/day published in the report on food consumption by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment, Mg made the highest contributions to the intake (2.58% for adult women of 60 kg and 2.22% for men of 70 kg), and the estimated intakes of Al (0.35 to 0.46 mg/day), Cd (0.55 to 0.74 mg/day) and Pb (1.66 to 5.53 mg/day) were below the respective established tolerable intakes. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the consumption of muscle from this benthopelagic species can be considered safe in terms of maximum legal limits, while consumption of liver is discouraged as a major source of exposure to toxic metals, such as Al, Cd, and Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politai. Revista de Ciencia Política is the property of Asociacion Civil Politai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interpersonal theory of suicide states that thwarted belongingness, a perception of social isolation and lack of social connectedness, and perceived burdensomeness, a perception of being a burden on others, are important factors related to the development of suicidal desire. A strong familial connection, characteristic of Hispanic/ Latino cultures, is associated with lower levels of thwarted belongingness. In this study, we tested the ability of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and ethnicity to determine current levels of suicidal desire among Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White undergraduate college students. Based on previous research and the typically high value placed on family, Hispanic/Latinos were predicted to experience lower levels of thwarted belongingness and suicidal desire. Hispanic/Latino status was hypothesized to moderate the role of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness such that Hispanic/Latinos who reported high levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness respectively would experience the highest levels of suicidal desire. Undergraduate college students (N = 336), 24% Hispanic/Latino and 76% non-Hispanic White, completed self-report measures. Ethnic groups significantly differed on their current suicidal desire, t(193.81) = 2.21, p = .03, and perceived burdensomeness, t(229.74) = 3.06, p = .003, but not thwarted belongingness, t(333) = 0.74, p = .46. Ethnicity moderated the effect of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness on current suicidal desire. However, the direction of the effect was opposite of the predictions. These findings highlight the role of ethnicity to moderate the effects of established suicide risk factors, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genetic variations of the TCF7L2 gene are associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The associated mutations have demonstrated an adaptive role in some human populations, but no studies have determined the impact of evolutionary forces on genetic diversity in indigenous populations from Mexico. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the variation of the TCF7L2 gene in three Amerindian populations and compared the results with whole-exon-sequencing of Mestizo populations from Sigma and the 1000 Genomes Project to assess the roles of selection and recombination in diversity. Results: The diversity in the indigenous populations was biased to intronic regions. Most of the variation was low frequency. Only mutations rs77961654 and rs61724286 were located on exon 15. We did not observe variation in intronic region 4-6 in any of the three indigenous populations. In addition, we identified peaks of selective sweeps in the mestizo samples from the Sigma Project within this region. By replicating the analysis of association with T2D between case-controls from the Sigma Project, we determined that T2D was most highly associated with the rs7903146 risk allele and to a lesser extent with the other six variants. All associated markers were located in intronic region 4-6, and their r2 values of linkage disequilibrium were significantly higher in the Mexican population than in Africans from the 1000 Genomes Project. We observed reticulations in both the haplotypes network analysis from seven marker associates and the neighborNet tree based on 6061 markers in the TCF7L2 gene identified from all samples of the 1000 Genomes Project. Finally, we identified two recombination hotspots in the upstream region and 3' end of the TCF7L2 gene. Conclusions: The lack of diversity in intronic region 4-6 in Indigenous populations could be an effect of selective sweeps generated by the selection of neighboring rare variants at T2D-associated mutations. The survivors' variants make the intronic region 4-6 the area of the greatest population differentiation within the TCF7L2 gene. The abundance of selective peak sweeps in the downstream region of the TCF7L2 gene suggests that the TCF7L2 gene is part of a region that is in constant recombination between populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones ANDINA is the property of Fundacion Universitaria del Area Andina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Describe the trend in deaths by assault in women in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico between 2001 and 2011. Methods. Descriptive study. Mortality from assaults and undetermined intentional acts was calculated, adjusted for age, using the direct method and the World Health Organization's standard population. Joinpoint regression models were used to identify statistically significant changes. The male:female mortality ratio was compared and trends in the rates were calculated and adjusted for each of the two causes of death and the specific rates of mortality by assault in women by age group. Results. The highest rates of assault of women were reported in Brazil, followed by Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Between 2001 and 2011, decreases were reported from Argentina and Colombia; in Brazil and Mexico the rates increased; and in Chile they remained stable. The highest specific rates were found in young women (15-29 years) and adults (30-44 and 45-59 years). In Colombia the rates declined in all groups, while in Mexico they increased in women aged 15 to 59 years. Only Colombia showed a decrease in mortality from undetermined intentional acts; in Argentina and Mexico there was a decrease at the beginning of the period with a later increase; in Brazil no variations were observed. Conclusions. Mortality from assaults on women in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico between 2001 and 2011 was higher than the world average and the Latin American average; rates were lower in Argentina and Chile, with minor differences between the sexes. Progress must be made in terms of understanding the power relationships that underlie femicide, which should be included in national criminal legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]