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BackgroundConversational agents (CAs) are a promising solution to support people in improving physical activity (PA) behaviors. However, there is a lack of CAs targeted at adolescents that aim to provide support to overcome barriers to PA. This study reports the results of the co-design, development, and evaluation of a prototype CA called “Phyllis” to support adolescents in overcoming barriers to PA with the aim of improving PA behaviors. The study presents one of the first theory-driven CAs that use existing research, a theoretical framework, and a behavior change model. ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to use a mixed methods approach to investigate the potential of a CA to support adolescents in overcoming barriers to PA and enhance their confidence and motivation to engage in PA. MethodsThe methodology involved co-designing with 8 adolescents to create a relational and persuasive CA with a suitable persona and dialogue. The CA was evaluated to determine its acceptability, usability, and effectiveness, with 46 adolescents participating in the study via a web-based survey. ResultsThe co-design participants were students aged 11 to 13 years, with a sex distribution of 56% (5/9) female and 44% (4/9) male, representing diverse ethnic backgrounds. Participants reported 37 specific barriers to PA, and the most common barriers included a “lack of confidence,” “fear of failure,” and a “lack of motivation.” The CA’s persona, named “Phyllis,” was co-designed with input from the students, reflecting their preferences for a friendly, understanding, and intelligent personality. Users engaged in 61 conversations with Phyllis and reported a positive user experience, and 73% of them expressed a definite intention to use the fully functional CA in the future, with a net promoter score indicating a high likelihood of recommendation. Phyllis also performed well, being able to recognize a range of different barriers to PA. The CA’s persuasive capacity was evaluated in modules focusing on confidence and motivation, with a significant increase in students’ agreement in feeling confident and motivated to engage in PA after interacting with Phyllis. Adolescents also expect to have a personalized experience and be able to personalize all aspects of the CA. ConclusionsThe results showed high acceptability and a positive user experience, indicating the CA’s potential. Promising outcomes were observed, with increasing confidence and motivation for PA. Further research and development are needed to create further interventions to address other barriers to PA and assess long-term behavior change. Addressing concerns regarding bias and privacy is crucial for achieving acceptability in the future. The CA’s potential extends to health care systems and multimodal support, providing valuable insights for designing digital health interventions including tackling global inactivity issues among adolescents.

A network intrusion detection system (IDS) is commonly recognized as an effective solution for identifying threats and malicious attacks. Due to the rapid emergence of threats and new attack vectors, novel and adaptive approaches must be considered to maintain the effectiveness of IDSs. In this paper, we present a novel Threat Intelligence Detection Model (TIDM) for online intrusion detection. The proposed TIDM focuses on the online processing of massive data flows and is accordingly able to reveal unknown connections, including zero-day attacks. The TIDM consists of three components: an optimized filter (OptiFilter), an adaptive and hybrid classifier, and an alarm component. The main contributions of the OptiFilter component are in its ability to continuously capture data flows and construct unlabeled connection vectors. The second component of the TIDM employs a hybrid model made up of an enhanced growing hierarchical self-organizing map (EGHSOM) and a normal network behavior (NNB) model to jointly identify unknown connections. The proposed TIDM updates the hybrid model continually in real-time. The model’s performance evaluation has been carried out in both offline and online operational modes using a quantitative approach that considers all possible evaluation metrics for the datasets and the hybrid classification method. The achieved results show that the proposed TIDM is able, with promising performance, to process massive data flows in real-time, classify unlabeled connections, reveal the label of unknown connections, and perform online updates successfully.

Series of CuO/CuCo2O4 composites were prepared by using the combustion method followed by heating at 750oC with different molar ratios of Cu/Co. Characterization of different composites is systematically investigated with various analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate the growth of well crystalline CuCo2O4 nanoparticles with a cubic spinel structure. Images of transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope show a uniform particle distribution. From UV-visible spectra, the calculated optical band gaps of various solids were ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 eV. Electrical properties were measured at temperature ranged from 303 to 463 K in a frequency range from 102 to 106 Hz. The AC conductivity satisfied the Jonscher equation, especially at high frequency. The obtained data of conductivity and dielectric constant indicated that the prepared samples behave as semiconductor materials. Finally, it can be concluded that the CuO/CuCo2O4 composite showed attractive multi-functional features for electrical applications.

TV drama has gone through many developmental stages until it reached and settled in the form of TV series of thirty episodes. Alongside the development of the TV technologies and the widespread of satellite channels, the form of the TV drama has changed and the series has consisted of two parts and then parts multiplied until they amounted to ten parts and more. This form of TV drama has become an artistic phenomenon, that once the series is displayed on one of the channels and achieves a noticeable success, its producers work to produce a second part of that series and so on. This form of TV drama has remained away from being researched. This has urged the researcher to accomplish this study entitled (TV series of multiple parts from the viewers' viewpoint) which aimed to know the viewers' opinions in many aspects of the TV drama with multiple parts. In the theoretical framework, the researcher studied the development stages of TV drama in the first section and the TV series with multiple parts in the second section. The researcher, in the third chapter, determined the descriptive approach as the questionnaire constitutes one of its main tools. The researcher designed the research tool, which is the questionnaire form that consists of seven questions covering what has been mentioned in the research aims. The research sample is limited to three hundred respondents from Baghdad aged between 15-40 years old.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the acceptability, feasibility, usability, and preliminary effect of an electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) intervention for patients with breast cancer in Mexico.DesignWe conducted a multimethod non-randomised pilot study. We used a pre-test/post-test design for quantitative assessment of the intervention's effect on patients' supportive care needs and quality of life. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with participants and healthcare workers to explore the intervention's benefits and barriers and understand its feasibility.Participants50 women aged 20-75 diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer were enrolled within 2 weeks of starting neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We excluded illiterate women and those with visual impairment, cognitive disability or severe depression. IDIs were conducted with 18 participants and 10 healthcare providers.SettingOncology services in three public hospitals of the Mexican Social Security Institute.InterventionThe ePRO intervention consisted of a responsive web application for weekly symptom reporting combined with proactive follow-up by nurses guided by predefined clinical algorithms for 6 weeks.Results50 women were enrolled out of 66 eligible patients approached (75.8%). All 50 completed the 4-week follow-up assessment (100% retention). Completion of the symptom registry declined from 100% in week 1 to 66% in week 6. Participants experienced decreases in supportive care needs and increased quality of life. The ePRO application was rated highly usable. Participants and health professionals both perceived intervention benefits. Drawbacks included poor fit for women receiving radiotherapy and challenges using the application for women with low digital literacy or experiencing severe symptoms.ConclusionsThis pilot study provided evidence of the high usability and potential efficacy of a web-based ePRO intervention. We revised recruitment during the pilot to include multiple facilities, and we will further revise for the randomised trial to address barriers to successful ePRO implementation.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05925257.

Due to the increase in the number of the satellite channels which resulted from the satellite broadcasting, the demand for the television drama production has increased dramatically, and there has been a significant competitive market, which encouraged the producers to adopt many carrots among them the inclusion of TV series large scenes whose main purpose is to show the volume of the production in the series, let alone achieving the dramatic function. The researcher called this type of scenes (the productive scenes), a name which has not been used before. The researcher studied these scenes and determined his research subject under the title (the production scenes in the TV series) where the research problem has been determined through the following question: how does the director deal with the production scenes that are basically built on artistic and dramatic theme and other productive and commercial ones? The research objectives have been limited to revealing the concept of the production scene, its filming locations, the sizes of snapshots, and the camera movements and angles used. The research is limited to the Iraqi and Arab TV series. The researcher, in the theoretical framework, dedicated two sections: the first is the general concept of the production scene, and the second section is the sizes of the snapshot, filming angles and camera movements in the production scene. The researcher, in the methodological framework, chose the descriptive approach, because it relies on the quantitative and qualitative analysis. The research samples have been intentionally determined and they consisted of six Arab artistic works among them one Iraqi work. The research, after the analysis of the samples, concluded with the results, conclusions and resources.

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by synovial inflammation that leads to joint damage, bony erosions, and related deformities. Between 30 and 70% of RA patients will experience anemia. Early detection of anemia is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of hepcidin (HEP) in RA patients and to assess its relation to disease activity and anemia. The current cross-sectional study included 44 cases with RA in addition to 44 healthy controls. The disease activity in the RA patient was assessed by using the disease activity score (DAS) 28 score-CRP. The serum levels of HEP and ferritin were assessed in both groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results Hepcidin level in the RA group was statistically significantly higher as compared to the control group (p = 0.001). The prevalence of Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) was 40.9%, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 27.3% which accounted for 68.2% of the total anemia cases. The HEP level was statistically significantly higher in the RA patients with ACD than those without anemia (P = 0.028), RA patients with IDA (P 355.5 Pg/ml. This point showed moderate sensitivity (70.5%) with moderate specificity (63.6%) with a statistically significant value. Conclusions We found the anemia, and particularly ACD, is more common in RA patients. In RA patients with ACD, serum HEP levels were considerably higher. Although serum HEP showed no diagnostic significance when it came to evaluating disease activity, it could be a dependable non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of various forms of anemia in RA patients.

The main purpose of this research was to develop an experimental film flow cleaning rig that can be combined with Process analytical technology (PAT) tools to reduce cleaning time and costs. Here, we show that the use of in-line UV–Vis was successful for real-time monitoring of the cleaning process of olanzapine as a challenging residue to clean. The cleaning process was found to be affected by the properties of the olanzapine soil, and the study showed the competing effects of mechanical lift-off and dissolution action with methanol as a solvent. However, The method is limited by the cleaning mechanisms, with the dissolution being the only mechanism that can be accurately quantified using an in-line UV–Vis PAT tool. This experimental approach can be used to optimize cleaning process conditions and solvent choices at the bench scale before deployment. The material of which the cleaning rig was printed limited the solvent that could be used for this study, and future modifications will include a more chemical-resistant material.

Deficit Round Robin (DRR) is a fair packet-based scheduling discipline commonly used in wired networks where link capacities do not change with time. However, in wireless networks, especially wireless broadband networks, i.e., IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX, there are two main considerations violate the packet-based service concept for DRR. First, the resources are allocated per Mobile WiMAX frame. To achieve full frame utilization, Mobile WiMAX allows packets to be fragmented. Second, due to a high variation in wireless channel conditions, the link/channel capacity can change over time and location. Therefore, we introduce a Deficit Round Robin with Fragmentation (DRRF) to allocate resources per Mobile WiMAX frame in a fair manner by allowing for varying link capacity and for transmitting fragmented packets. Similar to DRR and Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS), DRRF achieves perfect fairness. DRRF results in a higher throughput than DRR (80% improvement) while causing less overhead than GPS (8 times less than GPS). In addition, in Mobile WiMAX, the quality of service (QoS) offered by service providers is associated with the price paid. This is similar to a cellular phone system; the users may be required to pay air-time charges. Hence, we have also formalized a Generalized Weighted Fairness (GWF) criterion which equalizes a weighted sum of service time units or slots, called temporal fairness, and transmitted bytes, called throughput fairness, for customers who are located in a poor channel condition or at a further distance versus for those who are near the base stations, or have a good channel condition. We use DRRF to demonstrate the application of GWF. These fairness criteria are used to satisfy basic requirements for resource allocation, especially for non real-time traffic. Therefore, we also extend DRRF to support other QoS requirements, such as minimum reserved traffic rate, maximum sustained traffic rate, and traffic priority. For real-time traffic, i.e., video traffic, we compare the performance of DRRF with deadline enforcement to that of Earliest Deadline First (EDF). The results show that DRRF outperforms EDF (higher achievable throughput under the promised delay latency) and maintains fairness under an overload scenario.

Objectives This study aimed to explore the acceptability, feasibility, usability, and preliminary effect of an electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) intervention for patients with breast cancer in Mexico.Design We conducted a multimethod non-randomised pilot study. We used a pre-test/post-test design for quantitative assessment of the intervention’s effect on patients’ supportive care needs and quality of life. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with participants and healthcare workers to explore the intervention’s benefits and barriers and understand its feasibility.Participants 50 women aged 20–75 diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer were enrolled within 2 weeks of starting neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We excluded illiterate women and those with visual impairment, cognitive disability or severe depression. IDIs were conducted with 18 participants and 10 healthcare providers.Setting Oncology services in three public hospitals of the Mexican Social Security Institute.Intervention The ePRO intervention consisted of a responsive web application for weekly symptom reporting combined with proactive follow-up by nurses guided by predefined clinical algorithms for 6 weeks.Results 50 women were enrolled out of 66 eligible patients approached (75.8%). All 50 completed the 4-week follow-up assessment (100% retention). Completion of the symptom registry declined from 100% in week 1 to 66% in week 6. Participants experienced decreases in supportive care needs and increased quality of life. The ePRO application was rated highly usable. Participants and health professionals both perceived intervention benefits. Drawbacks included poor fit for women receiving radiotherapy and challenges using the application for women with low digital literacy or experiencing severe symptoms.Conclusions This pilot study provided evidence of the high usability and potential efficacy of a web-based ePRO intervention. We revised recruitment during the pilot to include multiple facilities, and we will further revise for the randomised trial to address barriers to successful ePRO implementation.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05925257.

شهد الاقتصاد التقليدي في الحقبة المعاصرة محاولات عديدة من أجل تثبيت دعائم الفرضيات السلوكية على نحو مختلف، ومنها محاولات الاقتصاد السلوكي في نطاق تقييد عقلانية السلوك والاستجابة للتحيزات السلوكية بما ينسجم مع الخيارات الأفضل. وقد هدف البحث إلى تحليل بنية مفهوم اقتصاديات السلوك، مع التركيز على العقلانية المقيدة وعلاقتها بالحرية والمعلومات، والتعرف على الموقف الشرعي إزاء ذلك. وتناول البحث المشكلة محل المناقشة في ثلاثة مباحث تركزت في العقلانية المقيدة وعلاقتها بالحرية والمعلومات، والسلوك العقلاني في منظور الشريعة، إضافة إلى التحيزات العقلية من خلال أطر وتحليلات الاقتصاد السلوكي. وانتهى البحث إلى عدة استنتاجات أساسية أهمها قدرة الاقتصاد السلوكي على تحفيز القرارات، وتقدير الانحرافات في النموذج العقلاني، وتعظيم الإسلام للسلوك العقلاني في إطار خطاب الشارع.

Recognizing the differences in concord among languages will be very important to avoid mistakes in using these languages because concord errors are the most common errors in language use. This article was a contrastive study of concord in Arabic, English, and Indonesian, and the implication of teaching the languages. Through contrastive analysis, the grammatical concord system of the languages was compared to determine the similarities, differences, and teaching implications. Library research was used through a qualitative method. The data was taken mainly from Arabic, English, and Indonesian grammar books. The results showed that the concord in Arabic and English was grammatical, while in Indonesian, it was notional. The element of concord in Arabic was more complex, comprising phrases and clauses, and consisting of five features: person, number, gender, definiteness, and case markers. Meanwhile, the English concord occured on the clause domain of person and number, differing from that of Indonesian which was based on meaning. This study provided an incentive to foreign language tutors, especially, Arabic and English tutors, to develop strategies in helping students master concord and avoid grammatical errors.

This paper investigates the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, as well as the possible sources, of gold, silver, platinum group elements (PGE), copper, and lead found in the beach sands along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast. Using scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis, this study determines the morphology and micro-chemistry of separated grains to assess their economic potential and how various minerals respond to different transport distances. The analysis reveals that gold grains are of high purity (94.11 to 98.55 wt.%; average 96 wt.% Au) and are alloyed with Ag (1.28–2.32 wt.%) and Cu (0.16–3.15 wt.%). Two types of gold grains were identified, indicating differences in transport distances. Variations in morphology, surface features, inclusion types, rims, and chemistry of the native metals, including gold grains, suggest differences in composition, weathering degree, transport distance, deposit types, and host rocks. The average Ag concentration in gold grains (1.86 wt.%) suggests a link to mesothermal or supergene deposits. Most silver, copper, and lead grains are spherical, with some variations in shape. Silver grains have 71.66–95.34 wt.% Ag (avg. 82.67 wt.%). Copper grains have 92.54–98.42 wt.% Cu (avg. 94.22 wt.%). Lead grains contain 74.22–84.45 wt.% Pb (avg. 79.26 wt.%). The identified platinum group minerals (PGM) belong to the Pt–Fe alloys and sperrylite, both of which are PPGE-bearing minerals. These metals likely originate from the weathering of upstream Nile tributaries surrounded by igneous and metamorphic rocks from Ethiopian and Central African regions, with a minor contribution from the Egyptian Eastern Desert Mountains.

High-definition video streams' unique statistical characteristics and their high bandwidth requirements are considered to be a challenge in both network scheduling and resource allocation fields. In this paper, we introduce an innovative way to model and predict high-definition (HD) video traces encoded with H.264/AVC encoding standard. Our results are based on our compilation of over 50 HD video traces. We show that our model, simplified seasonal ARIMA (SAM), provides an accurate representation for HD videos, and it provides significant improvements in prediction accuracy. Such accuracy is vital to provide better dynamic resource allocation for video traffic. In addition, we provide a statistical analysis of HD videos, including both factor and cluster analysis to support a better understanding of video stream workload characteristics and their impact on network traffic. We discuss our methodology to collect and encode our collection of HD video traces. Our video collection, results, and tools are available for the research community.

KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC and development of direct KRAS inhibitors has renewed interest in this molecular variant. Different KRAS mutations may represent a unique biologic context with different prognostic and therapeutic impact. We sought to characterize genomic landscapes of advanced, KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a large national cohort to help guide future therapeutic development.Molecular profiles of 17,095 NSCLC specimens were obtained using DNA next-generation sequencing of 592 genes (Caris Life Sciences) and classified on the basis of presence and subtype of KRAS mutations. Co-occurring genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and PD-L1 expression [22C3, tumor proportion score (TPS) score] were analyzed by KRAS mutation type.Across the cohort, 4,706 (27.5%) samples harbored a KRAS mutation. The most common subtype was G12C (40%), followed by G12V (19%) and G12D (15%). The prevalence of KRAS mutations was 37.2% among adenocarcinomas and 4.4% in squamous cell carcinomas. Rates of high TMB (≥10 mutations/Mb) and PD-L1 expression varied across KRAS mutation subtypes. KRAS G12C was the most likely to be PD-L1 positive (65.5% TPS ≥ 1%) and PD-L1 high (41.3% TPS ≥ 50%). STK11 was mutated in 8.6% of KRAS wild-type NSCLC but more frequent in KRAS-mutant NSCLC, with the highest rate in G13 (36.2%). TP53 mutations were more frequent in KRAS wild-type NSCLC (73.6%).KRAS mutation subtypes have different co-occurring mutations and a distinct genomic landscape. The clinical relevance of these differences in the context of specific therapeutic interventions warrants investigation.