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Legumes are sensitive to salt stress, especially in the early phases of growth. Brassinosteroids (BRs) or proline (Pro) have been shown to improve salt stress tolerance in several plant species when given exogenously. Therefore, two pot experiments laid out in 4 × 3 factorial in a completely randomised design, replicated three times were carried out on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Valentino to examine the roles of BRs or Pro in improving the salt tolerance of snap beans. The first factor included four saline irrigation water levels viz. 0.0, 20, 40, and 60 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), while the second factor involved foliar application with 0.1 µM BRs or 30 mM Pro or distilled water as control. The results revealed that saline irrigation water reduced chlorophyll, membrane stability, relative water content, and yield. Exogenous BRs or Pro alleviated salt stress by reducing uptake and translocation of Na+ and Cl− while enhancing plant K+ assimilation. Increased water status, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT) in leaves of snap beans may contribute to improved salt tolerance. These findings suggested that foliar treatment of brassinosteroids or proline could be an effective strategy to improve snap bean salt tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present investigations aim to decipher the beneficial role of hydrogen peroxide-supplemented irrigation in imparting drought tolerance and promotion plant growth and yield of potato plants grown under two different irrigation regimes. Hydrogen peroxide injection (oxygenation) was applied at 0, 300, and 600 ppm through subsurface irrigation regimes on potato performance grown in heavy clay soil. The results indicated that oxygenation of irrigation water boosted the plant′s vegetative growth and productivity, especially at 600 ppm hydrogen peroxide coupled with deficit irrigation. Root respiration, leaf biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf osmotic status was observed to be improved in the presence of oxygenated irrigation. A similar trend was recorded on macro-elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content), proline, and soluble carbohydrates content of leaf along with catalase enzyme activity. Individual tuber weight, tuber number and tuber yield per plant and hectare recorded higher values as responding to oxygenated irrigation (300 and 600 ppm) of water within the optimum irrigation level. While the highest value of water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained by pairing deficit irrigation with 600 ppm oxygenated water. Thus, the present work provides new insights into the importance of oxygenated irrigation in obtaining optimum yield and field performance in potato plants subjected to deficit irrigation in clayey-loamy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]