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The proliferation of social media has led to profound changes in the media field worldwide, and this has initiated a transformation in sports journalism driven by digitalization. New media actors continue to transform traditional sports journalism into processes that can be evaluated both positively and negatively. This research examined how sports journalism is affected by the digitalization process through social media tools and football journalism. The main motivation of the study is the idea that sports journalism and digitalization have become contemporary research areas over the past decade, and that digital media continues to increase its importance. In the scope of the study, it can be stated that football journalists are transitioning to a “secondary journalism” position in this new process, which is different from the usual, as football clubs now share important news related to them through their official social media accounts. The purpose of the study is to open a discussion on this concept. While introducing the concept of “secondary journalism,” the research’s aim is to conceptualize the secondary position journalists face when presenting news to the audience, contrary to the conventional role of being the primary source in determining the agenda and delivering the news. This shift occurs as clubs now share their news with the public through official channels, including special content and professional public relations units' activities. Football journalists share the news content presented to the public firsthand by the football club, initiating discussions and evaluations by posting this news on their own social media accounts. In this context, the social media accounts managed by the clubs’ professional communication teams are the first to share significant football news with their followers. It is believed that the traditional media habits, where football reporters or journalists were the primary source for accessing news, have evolved into a secondary position, indicating a change in previous media habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proverbs, defined as short, concise and smart words that our ancestors said as a result of their many years of experience, are one of the most important cultural heritage products reflecting the cultural values of every society. Proverbs are generally used as a metaphor and their meaning are indirect. However, when we think about the proverbs, we see that they have more meanings than their usages in daily life. A metaphorical proverb, which is normally used for a specific purpose, contains another meaning that has the same meaning as in real life. For instance, the proverb “the head of a fruity tree is inclined” refers to the fact that, although it is used to mean humbler as people mature, the branches hang down to the ground in real life because the trees have difficulty carrying the fruits. It is known that proverbs, especially about nature, mean both metaphorically and generally. Because they have taught how people should live in accordance with the nature by expressing the information they obtained as a result of observing nature carefully, based on many years. In this respect, proverbs are instructive. Throughout history, there are many proverbs on nature, because agriculture and farming were important in Turkish society. Inasmuch as it is very important to know when the rains will fall, how long the sunny days will last, how the functioning of nature, the time of grazing of animals in nature, and where the houses will be suitable will be known. For this reason, every society has proverbs where it describes the functioning nature of its own nature. In this respect, proverbs are national. Thus, every society has proverbs where it describes the functioning nature of its own nature. In this respect, proverbs are national. However, when these proverbs of national nature are compared with proverbs used by other nations, many of them appear to be similar or identical. In this respect, proverbs have universal values as well as national values. The proverbs, especially about nature, have many common features with other proverbs in the world. For this reason, the aim of this study is to compare the proverbs of Turkish and American natives on nature and to understand their perspective on nature. The method of the study is based on descriptive content analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Content analysis in social sciences is a systematic examination of the information obtained from various documents in order to give a meaning from archives, documents, newspapers, etc. Descriptive analysis; the data obtained are summarized and interpreted under previously determined titles. According to the findings obtained as a result of the literature review and analysis of the data obtained through face to face interviews; It was observed that the American natives considered themselves a part of nature, they all consisted of a single holy spirit, believed that when they harm nature, they would be sick and that everyone was brothers. At the same time, it was understood that their words were not short and expressive words, they were long and explanatory words and were said by tribal chiefs. In this respect, rather than proverbs, they are terse words. Compared to Turkish proverbs, some proverbs were similar, but few were exactly the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has been working in the field of media in order to organize media publications in member countries, form legal infrastructures, bring journalists together and work to determine specific ethical rules. The work of the OIC in the field of media is considered as a common shield protecting the Islamic countries against the negative perception of Islam and the imperial media approach. These efforts constitute cooperation in the fight against Islamophobia. The reduction of antagonism in Islamic countries in itself is crucial in order to be successful in the work of organizing the media field of the OIC. In this article, literature and communication on Islam are examined while traditional and media structures under the roof of the OIC are discussed. Inspired by the emblem and cultural content of the OIC, the concept of an Islamic global village has ben discussed referring to McLuhan's concept of global village [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Security / SGD-Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water is vital for the continued presence of people like the all other living creatures. People have been in a relationship with water in every period of history. They have been using it for drinking, agriculture, manufacturing and prufying. Using water for prufying has definitely dimensions in both physical and spritiual. People have created places for water to make it happen. The physical and technical conditions of these places have evolved over time. The Anatolia Region has a lot of water usage places as an example of wealth in terms of water. There have been lots of important places which are inherited from Ancient Greek, Rome, Byzantine Empire, Seljuk State and Ottoman Empire. The most important of these places are baths. These places are explained in a historical development line and also concidered as a culture and communication environment in this research. The study focused on the issues like the baths effects on social structure and the roles that are taking place in these places continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mass media and personal characteristics leading to health communication inequality as well as the role of certain factors in health communication’s mass media process. Using both sociodemographic variables and Maletzke’s model as a basis, we investigated the relationship between selected components of the mass communication process, the receiving of reliable health information as a result of health communication, and the condition of its use. The study involved 1853 people in Turkey and was structured in two parts. The first part dealt with questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the use of the mass media and the public’s ability to obtain health information from it, the public’s perception of the trustworthiness of health information, and the state of translating this information into health-promoting behaviours. In the second part, questions related to the mass communication process were posed using a five-point Likert scale. This section tried to establish structural equation modelling using the judgements prepared on the basis of the mass media model. Through this study, it has been observed that sociodemographic factors such as education and age affect individuals’ use of and access to communication channels; individuals’ trust in and selection of health information from the programme content and their changing health behaviours (as a result of the health information) are related to both their perception of the mass communication process and to sociodemographic factors, but are more strongly related to the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing of production, diversification of product, the spread of the competition between the sectors and making themselves feel of the innovative approaches in almost every fields, manufacturers have become giving more importance to advertising and promotion. In this case, the diversification of advertising, the professionalization of advertising contents, the growing and developing of the advertising as a sector formed an advertising market which has involving all parts of society. New sensitivities are born on advertising, and codes of ethics, legal regulations are made. Individual or corporate initiatives are activated not to abuse the confidence and the need of consumers. Consumer identity is a common identity except the human identity and the children are the most passive and open to abuse mass among people that carry these identities. To protect the children from the advertising and the negative messages of the advertising arrangements is an obligatory. In this study, the advertising regulations for children in European Union and Turkey will be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encyclopedia whose historical manifestation and development dates back to very old times cannot be solely regarded as a reference document which systematically brings all the information together. Especially with the start of every nation in materializing its own Encyclopedia towards the middle of 20th Century, encyclopedia has been influenced by the political, economical and social conditions of the its own society and has reflected the textures in these areas. In this context, this study aims to disclose the concept of Encyclopedia, its emergence, development and to examine Encyclopedism which has been transformed into a political and collective project that has influenced other societies as an icon of a certain area. In this article the current literature has been reviewed and presented in a chronological order which leads to the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hüseyin Orak who was one of the important businessmen of Ankara, sent his children for the country tour in 1936. In that duration, while Orak couldn't find the Turkey's guide book for his children's journey, the idea of an opus, (Guide of Turkey) was born. The project of Türkiye Kılavuzu had been implemented after the World War II, but it costed a great fortune. The project of Orak, unfortunately, had not aroused an expected interest, although he had sent teams all over the country by giving the allowances and covering the expenses. Orak, who started out with the idea of a social responsibility, could published only the first volume of Türkiye Kılavuzu despite of a great deal of effort, time and expenses. Turkey's fourteen cities individually studied in this volume, there were miscellaneous information related to these. This book is the basic and important resource for the researchers who work on city history, local culture and social structures. For example, 1940's Balıkesir, one of these cities, were introduced in the context of social, historical, economical, cultural and especially excursionary view in Türkiye Kılavuzu. In this paper, Türkiye Kılavuzu which is a rare book nowadays and its Balıkesir section will be examined with the story of finding of Türkiye Kılavuzu by authors of this article. In addition, this paper will reveal the formation of an opus as the first tourism and publicity guide of Turkey which actually could be seen the first social responsibility project of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolia: Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Anatolia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)