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The aim of the current study is to investigate student biology teachers' cognitive structures related to "diffusion" through the free word-association test and the drawing-writing technique. As the research design of the study, the qualitative research method was applied. The data were collected from 44 student biology teachers. The free word-association test and the drawing-writing technique were used as data collection instruments. The data were subject to content analysis and divided into categories through coding. In the analysis, the categories were formed and determined through the results of word-association test and drawing-writing test which were completed by the student biology teachers. With the help of these categories, the cognitive structures of student biology teachers were explained. The data collected through the study were divided into 8 categories ("defining diffusion," "diffusion environments," "diffusion-forms of substance transfer," "places and structures where diffusion occurs," "substances in diffusion and their characteristics," "importance of diffusion in plants," "examples of diffusion" and "factors influencing diffusion speed"). The common and dominant category in both assessment instruments is "defining diffusion". On the other hand, it was determined that student biology teachers had alternative concepts related to diffusion. At the end of the article, comprehensive suggestions are presented on the subject.

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In this research, it is aimed to examine the relation between biology teachers' "education process self-efficacy perception, perception of responsibility from student success" and "gender and experience". The research has been prepared according to the scanning model. A total of 82 biology teachers participated in the research. In the research, "Education Process Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale" and "Perception of Responsibility from Student Success Scale" are used. For the general of the scales the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficients have been found as 0.93 and 0.90. In data analysis, beside descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient is used in the calculation of the relation between the variables; and linear regression analysis is performed to determine the level of prediction of the dependent variables by the independent variables. At the end of the research, the level of biology teachers' education process self-efficacy perception and the level of perception of responsibility from student success have been found as medium. On the other hand, the results of the regression analysis have shown that both gender and experience variables positively and significantly predict education process self-efficacy perception and perception of responsibility from student success. It has been determined that while gender accounts for 11.4% of the total variance in education process self-efficacy perception and 9.1% of the total variance in the perception of responsibility from student success, experience accounts for 13.6% of the total variance in education process self-efficacy perception and 8.7% of the total variance in the perception of responsibility from student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study intends to elicit grade 8 students' understanding of 'energy' concept and explore the extent to which students can link their theoretical knowledge with the novel situations. The sample consists of totally 171 grade 8 students drawn randomly from nine cohort primary schools in Erzurum. To collect data, researchers developed a concept test comprising of 18 multiple-choice questions. The results revealed that because of the numerous related conceptions with regard to 'energy' concept, students had difficulty in comprehending the 'energy' concept and tended to exploit these related concepts in place of 'energy' concept. Moreover, taking into consideration the students' alternative conceptions drawn out by the current study, a sample conceptual change text is proposed to remedy them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partial least-squares calibration (PLS) method has been developed for simultaneous quantitative determination of mepyramine maleate (MAM), lidocaine hydrochloride (LIH), and dexpanthenol (DPA) in pharmaceutical preparations. The resolution of these mixtures has been accomplished by using partial least-squares (PLS-2) regression analysis of electronic absorption spectral data without prior separation or derivatization. The experimental calibration matrix was constructed with 27 samples. The concentration ranges considered were 2, 3, 4 µg mL -1 for MAM, 2, 3, 4 µg mL -1 for LIH, and 8, 10, 12 µg mL -1 for DPA. The absorbances were recorded between 190 and 340 nm every 5 nm. The results show that PLS-2 is a simple, rapid, and accurate method applied to the determination of these compounds in pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the outbreak of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) that caused tonsillopharyngitis in a tertiary hospital emphasizing the importance of rapid diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. The article explains the characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes and how it can spread through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated food, affecting even healthy people.