Search

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnant women is a rare condition, often remaining undiagnosed due to non-specific clinical symptoms. However, it can lead to life-threatening complications for both the mother and fetus. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is also associated with an increased probability of adverse outcomes compared to the general population. Timely diagnostics and personalized treatment, taking into account the extremely high risk of complications if PHPT and pregnancy result from IVF, require attention of healthcare professionals and formation of a multidisciplinary team.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are rare monogenic hereditary endocrinopathies with a prevalence of 1–9 cases per 100,000 and 9–15 cases per 100,000, respectively. MEN1 is characterized by the development of multiple endocrine and nonendocrine organ tumors, including parathyroid, pituitary, and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which constitute the classical triad of the disease. CAH is associated with genetic defects in enzymes and transport proteins involved in the synthesis of adrenal cortical steroid hormones. Overall, cases of the combination of two hereditary diseases in one patient are extremely rare. In this article, we describe a clinical case of the combination of MEN-1 with all three classical components and CAH, which, taking into account the low prevalence of both diseases, represents scientific interest. To date, only one similar case has been described in the literature. In addition, the paper discusses the pathogenetically determined combination of CAH and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, known as the CAH-X syndrome.

A corrigendum on "A Rare Case of Co-occurrence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal ­Hyperplasia" by Axenia S. Bondarenko, Elizaveta O. Mamedova, Zhanna E. Belaya, Galina A. Melnichenko (2024). Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(1):79-84. DOI: 10.14341/omet13015.On the page 82, the following text was added: "The presented case was first described in the dissertation of Kareva M.A. The author draws the readers' attention to the fact that the presence of CAH in the patient could lead to a delayed diagnosis of the second monogenic disease — MEN-1: episodes of indomitable vomiting in this case were considered as a manifestation of salt-wasting crises, but it cannot be excluded that they could be associated with the development of severe hypercalcaemia in the patient [30]".A new source has been added in the reference list section under No. 30: «Kareva M.A. Vrozhdennaya disfunkciya kory nadpochechnikov u detej: epidemiologiya, geneticheskaya osnova, personalizirovannyj podhod k diagnostike i lecheniyu, monitoring somaticheskogo i reproduktivnogo zdorov’ya. [dissertation] Moscow; 2018. (In Russ)».

Abstract. The gradual climate warming is leading to emergence of more intensive varieties of winter wheat and therefore urges scientists to improve the technology of its cultivation. Research of the reaction of winter wheat varieties to an atypical predecessor (winter rape), sowing dates and seed sowing rates is gaining relevance. The study was carried out on the research field of the Scientific and Educational Center of Practical Training of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in 2018–2020 on common low-humus medium-thick silty-medium loam black soil on the loess. Winter wheat plants that had been sown on 25th and 15th of September had the highest values of the frost resistance index. On average, over the years of research, when the plants were frozen at the temperature of –16 ºС for 72 hours, the frost resistance of the Zolotokolosa variety from these sowing dates was 98.1% and 96.7%, respectively. Highest tolerance to low temperatures was exerted by the Selianka variety, equaling 98.4% and 97.1%, and the tolerance of the Podolianka variety was the lowest, 98.1% and 96.3%, respectively. The maximum number of survived winter wheat plants was in the variants of the experiment where sowing was carried out in September 25–26 (97.1%). The survival of winter crops was lower if sown on October 5 (96.0%) and September 15–17 (95.1–96.1%), and the lowest if sown on September 5–7 (94.0–95.0%). The maximum yield (4.90 T/ha) was produced by the Selianka variety sown on 25th–26th of September, at the rate of 5.0 million intact seeds/ha. The Zolotokolosa variety produced the highest yield after being sown on 25th–26th of September at the rate of 5.0 million intact seeds/ha (4.20 t/ha) and sown on 5th–7th of October at the rate of 6.0 million intact seeds/ha (4.21 t/ha). The highest yield from the Podolyanka variety was obtained after sowing in the first decade of October, the sowing rate being 6.0 million seeds/ha (3.76 t/ha).

Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignancy in the world, and BC morbidity and mortality prevail in industrialized countries and, in particular, in Central and Eastern Europe compared to global rates. The availability of a standardised structured protocol for pathological examination of primary biopsy and transurethral resection (TURBT) samples of the bladder, including the latest updates to the 5th edition of the WHO classification of urinary and male genital tumours (2022), will significantly improve the quality of diagnosis and influence the choice of the optimal trajectory for further treatment. The aim of the study is to highlight the key updates of the latest WHO classification of BC (2022), to study the standards and protocols for pathological examination of BC specimens used in world practice, as well as to develop a Ukrainian version of the protocol for pathological examination of BC, which will include clinically relevant aspects. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature in PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords: bladder cancer, pathology report, grade, stage, histological subtype, biopsy, TURBT, WHO 2022. Results. The review highlights the latest updates of the WHO classification of BC cancer and proposes standardized pathology protocol for specimens after primary biopsy/TURBT, developed by adapting existing international recommendations of the College of American Pathologists and the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. Conclusions. Adaptation and standardization of the pathological examination protocol for BC will significantly improve the quality of diagnosis, improve the choice of appropriate therapy and may pave the way for the future development of standardized pathological examination protocols for tumors of other localizations for their widespread use by pathologists in Ukraine.

The article is devoted to an important and topical issue of legal description of the role and activities of the public in the implementation of anti-corruption reforms. Countering corruption has always been an important task for Ukraine. It has been proven that the public is the most interested stakeholder in the fight against corruption. It is the members of civil society who want to live in a state governed by the rule of law, where the principles of equality, publicity and transparency are truly in place. And the success of anti-corruption changes depends on the willingness and participation of every member of civil society. It is noted that civil society involves active participation of citizens in political processes, civil dialogue and various public initiatives. Its main goal is to protect the rights and interests of citizens, as well as to oversee the activities of government agencies and prevent possible abuses. The legal and numerous doctrinal definitions of the concept of “public” and its components in the context of anti-corruption reforms are analysed. It is substantiated that the experience of involving the public in the implementation of anti-corruption reforms can be successful only if representatives of public authorities and business are open and transparent. It is emphasised that citizens and civil society organisations play an important role in combating corruption, as they serve as advocates for the public interest, provide independent oversight, mobilise communities, protect whistleblowers, advocate for policy reforms and promote transparency, accountability and good governance. In particular, citizens are empowered to demand responsibility, act as whistleblowers, influence policy and elections, raise public awareness and promote ethical values. Their participation is essential for the development of transparent, accountable and corruption-free societies. Civil society organisations are also important actors in the anti-corruption fight in Ukraine. Their independent oversight, advocacy, support for whistleblowers, policy analysis and engagement with citizens contribute significantly to the promotion of transparency, accountability and good governance in the country.

The article is devoted to the criminological characteristics of the specifics of combating corruption at higher education institutions in the context of the integrity policy. At the same time, the right to education is a fundamental right, therefore the State is not obliged to ensure the right to higher education for all citizens. Despite this, the majority of Ukrainian citizens have one or even several higher education degrees. Given the popularity of educational services, they are inevitably associated with various corruption risks: from the process of enrolment to a higher education institution and ending with obtaining an educational degree at all levels. Positions of domestic and foreign scholars on the essence and importance of academic integrity, the definition of “academic integrity” enshrined in legislation have been analysed, and the legally enshrined forms of academic integrity have been characterised, namely: academic plagiarism, self-plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, cheating, deception, bribery, biased assessment, providing assistance to students during the assessment of their learning outcomes or creating obstacles not provided for by the terms and/or procedures for such assessment, as well as impact in any form. It has been proved that they need to be adjusted and clarified, which should be done in a separate specialised law. The main potential corruption risks in higher education have been identified. It has been noted that corruption at higher education institutions is characterised by high latency due to its benefits for both parties. It has been noted that it is incorrect to impose responsibility for corruption exclusively on employees of educational institutions. Low motivation of students leads to the search for “alternative ways” to get a positive grade. Corruption in education does not always have a monetary form, but more often takes the form of benefits, privileges and non-monetary services. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and the main corruption risks in the field of higher education institutions, the author’s own measures to prevent corruption have been proposed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of an extremely important topic under martial law, which is the characteristics of certain corrupt practices in relation to free and humanitarian aid in foreign countries and Ukraine, with the aim of finding optimal ways to combat corruption in the sphere of rational and effective use of free and humanitarian aid during armed conflicts. It has been noted that with the beginning of the first states existence, the initial forms of corruption abuse by officials, priests and other persons endowed with power also appeared. The first attempts to combat corruption date back to the times of Babylon and Ancient Egypt. However, corruption is a very specific phenomenon that skillfully adapts to any life circumstances, changes in political regimes, forms of government, etc. A complex of scientific research methods has been used, namely: comparative and legal, systemic and structural, logical, analysis and synthesis, generalization and prognostic. It has been substantiated that combating corruption in relation to humanitarian aid is an extremely important task in the context of military operations, since corruption: 1) limits the amount of aid that reaches people in need; 2) is one of the main factors preventing better and more direct funding of humanitarian organizations; 3) undermines support for aid in donor countries and negatively affects the international image of the state. Based on the analysis of the foreign states that are in armed conflicts and international donor organizations experience, it has been proposed to implement separate practical anti-corruption measures to ensure the leveling of corruption risks regarding the rational use of humanitarian and charitable assistance.

Clinical prognosis in malignant tumors` is among the most challenging problems of contemporary medicine. It is thought to depend on both biologic properties of tumor cells and patients` immune status. The features of tumor cells and immune reactions are closely interrelated and mutually conditioned. Therefore, possible application of their characteristics as prognostic markers is of great fundamental and clinical importance. The aim of our study is to find out the most significant immune factors for prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on estimation of local and system immune factors, and some characteristics of tumor cells in the patients at various stages of the disease and different clinical course. Cellular factors of immunity and cytokines were studied in blood and tumor tissue of 299 patients with colorectal cancer (stages I-IV). Malignant cells expressing stem cell markers CSC), MHC and PDL-1 molecules were also counted in the tumor tissue. Blood samples were drawn prior to operation, and tissue samples were taken during surgery being the 1st line of treatment. Flow cytometry techniques (FCM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA approach were employed. We have compared data on the patients at different CRC stages (with or without local and distant metastases), as well as cases with different course of the disease (evolving distant metastases and fatal outcome during period of observation). Our results demonstrated increased amounts of NK-cells and IL-6 concentration, along with decreased percentage of blood CD4+ cells in the patients with local metastases, as well as higher CSC numbers in malignant tissue. The initially generalized CRC cases with distant metastases were characterized by high levels of blood IL-6, monocytes and granulocytes responding to fMLF, while in tumor tissue elevated amounts of NKT, CSC and decreased expression of MHC and PDL-1 were observed on tumor cells, like as lower PD-1/ PDL-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymhocytes. Unfavorable CRC dynamics, i.e., metastasizing during the observation period was preceded by increased levels of IL-10 in blood, NK cells with poor cytotoxicity, monocytes and granulocytes responding to fMLF. In tumor tissue, overexpression of CSC markers and hypo-expression of MHC on tumor cells were noted. Fatal outcome was preceded by elevation of blood IL-6levels, tissue levels of NKТ and CSC percentages, along with decreased NK cells subset (CD16dimCD56bright) in blood, and decline of MHC-expressing cells in the tumor. Thus, high blood levels of IL-6 and IL-10, fMLF-responding monocytes and granulocytes, as well as elevated amounts of NKT and CSC, hypo-expression of MHC in tumor tissue could be considered prognostic markers of unfavorable course in CRC patients. Decrease of PD-1/PDL-1 expression on tumor cells and lymphocytes from its microenvironment in advanced CRC is of special attention, because checkpoint inhibitors are prescribed in such cases.

Abstract We consider a derivation of the hierarchy of correlators of ordered exponentials directly from the Lipatov’s effective action (Lipatov in Nucl Phys B 452:369, 1995; Phys Rep 286:131, 1997; Subnucl Ser 49:131, 2013; Int J Mod Phys Conf Ser 39: 1560082, 2015; Int J Mod Phys A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016; EPJ Web Conf 125: 01010, 2016) formulated in terms of interacting ordered exponentials (Bondarenko and Zubkov in Eur Phys J C 78(8), 617 2018; Bondarenko et al. in Eur Phys J C 81(7):61, 2021). The derivation of the Balitsky equation (Balitsky in Nucl Phys B 463:99, 1996; Phys Rev D 60:014020, 1999; At the frontier of particle physics, vol. 2, p. 1237–1342; Nucl Phys B 629:290, 2002; Phys Rev D 72:074027, 2005) from the hierarchy is discussed as well as the way the sub-leading eikonal corrections to the Balitsky equation arise from the transverse field contribution and sub-leading eikonal corrections to the quark propagator. We outline other possible applications of the proposed calculation scheme.

Abstract We consider Riemann–Cartan gravity with minimal Palatini action, which is classically equivalent to Einstein gravity. Following the ideas of Lipatov (Nucl Phys B 365:614–632, 1991, Phys Part Nucl 44:391–413, 2013, Subnucl Ser 49:131, 2013, Subnucl Ser 50:213–225, 2014, Int J Mod Phys A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016, EPJ Web Conf 125:01010, 2016) and Bartels et al. (JHEP 07:056, 2014) we propose the effective action for this theory aimed at the description of the high-energy scattering of gravitating particles in the multi-Regge kinematics. We add to the Palatini action the new terms. These terms are responsible for the interaction of gravitational quanta with gravitational reggeons. The latter replace exchange by multiple gravitational excitations. We propose the heuristic explanation of its particular form based on an analogy to the reggeon field theory of QCD. We argue that Regge kinematics assumes the appearance of an effective two-dimensional model describing the high-energy scattering similar to that of QCD. Such a model may be formulated in a way leading to our final effective theory. It contains interaction between the ordinary quanta of spin connection and vielbein with the gravitational reggeons.

Purpose – The article focuses on the freedom of speech as a basic principle in the activities of mass media against corruption. The attribute of every democratic and law-governed state is freedom of speech, that is, the ability to express their thoughts and beliefs freely. Ukraine is not an exception, for the right of freedom of thought and speech and free expression of ones’ views and beliefs are guaranteed. The existence of an effective media system is the basis for implementing the principle of publicity in the activities of public administration and ensuring effective transparent oversight of its activities. Moreover, mass media play an important role in the political life of the country. Methodology/Approach/Design – The research is based on the methods of systemic and critical analysis. Findings – The ability of domestic journalists to be active participants in anti-corruption reforms is confirmed by many journalistic corruption investigations and high-profile disclosures, which led to the opening of criminal proceedings.

The article considers the General approach and elements of implementation of the simulation model of the decision support system as one of the most effective ways to improve the management system of a mining enterprise. The paper gives the description of the technological process and the main functional blocks of the control system. The author identifies the key links and requirements for the implementation of the simulation model of production process and enterprise management. The subsystems of the model allow us to consider the dynamics of the production enterprise in all the variety of its activities, for different variants of the technology and organization of production of the existing control system, the planned system and promising management solutions. In addition, the article presents the structure and description of the implemented simulation model of the main production process of the experimental coal mine. The paper indicates the role of the user-manager in the decision-making process based on the results of modeling. The author gives a control example of the simulation results.

Abstract The problem of the cosmological constant is considered in the formalism of an extended space-time consisting of the extended classical solution of Einstein equations. The different regions of the extended manifold are proposed to be related by the charge, parity, time and mass (CPTM) reversal symmetry applied with respect to the metric fields of the manifolds. There are interactions between the points of the extended manifold provided by scalar fields present separately in the different patches of the extended solution. The value of the constant is obtained equal to zero at the classical level due the mutual contribution of the fields in the vacuum energy, it’s non-zero value is due the quantum interactions between the fields. There are few possible scenario for the actions of the fields are discussed. Each from the obtained variants is similar to the closed time path approach of non-equilibrium condensed matter physics and among these possibilities for the closed paths, there is a variant of the action equivalent to the formalism of Keldysh. Accordingly, we consider and shortly discuss the application of the proposed formalism to the problem of smallness of the cosmological constant and singularities problem.

Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbance of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier are considered as strategically important links in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic encephalopathy. Taking this into account, one of the modern trends in the optimization of the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by prolonged hyperglycemia is the co-administration of agents with antihyperglycemic and nootropic activity, in particular, metformin with piracetam. It has been shown that under conditions of experimental alloxan-induced hyperglycemia, piracetam has insufficient nootropic potential for eliminating cognitive deficits. Metformin has a weak nootropic effect in short-term use in low doses, without exhibiting these properties in prolonged administration. When combined with piracetam, metformin potentiates its antiamnesic properties, which helps to restore cognitive functions impaired by hyperglycemia. It is assumed that the mechanisms of such synergism are mediated by a decrease in the content of early and late markers of the destruction of protein molecules, the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites in the cerebral cortex, as well as a significant limitation of the manifestations of ultrastructural destructive changes in hippocampal neurons with a simultaneous improvement in the state of its microvasculature. The obtained results indicate the expediency of the combined use of metformin with nootropic agents for the prevention or treatment of cognitive impairments that occur as a result of diabetes mellitus.

The paper presents a study on the ground beetle fauna (Coleoptera) in the middle highlands of the Northwestern Caucasus within the limits of the natural sanctuaries «Tuapsinskiy» and «Prichernomorskiy», located in the Krasnodarsky Krai (Russia). Despite the relatively well-studied fauna of ground beetles in the whole North-West Caucasus, a fauna inventory in the research area has not been carried out before. In addition, the available literature information is fragmentary and incomplete. Data on the species composition, some features of ecology and distribution of carabids on 16 model plots have been investigated for the first time. The field study was conducted mainly in 2018, using pitfall traps. We revealed 96 species, inhabiting both Protected Areas. We found a predominance of species with wide polysector and polyzonal types of ranges, as well as boreal Holarctic, Transpalearctic, Amphipalearctic, West Palearctic, and Euro-Siberian ranges. The chorological complexes richest in species were the Caucasian (Euxine) and Boreal ones. According to the ratio of ecological carabid groups, a predominance of the polytopic mesophilous species has been revealed. We have presented the demographic structure of populations and some peculiarities of the life cycles of three Carabus species, which are protected or requiring special attention in natural environment in the Krasnodarsky Krai. The life cycle of Carabus titan was implemented as a one-year spring-summer monocycle or two-year early summer monocycle with hibernating larvae and immature imago. The life cycle of Carabus starckianus was demonstrated as a one-year spring-summer recycle with hibernating immature and spent imago. Finally, the life cycle of Carabus prometheus was implemented as a one-year spring-winter recycle with hibernating immature and spent imago.

Background. Significant prevalence and the possibility of transformation into organic pathology determine the relevance of functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi in children. The proposed hypothesis is that the increased differentiation of fibroblasts into the smooth muscle cells of the gallbladder wall in the experimental model of mice occurs under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Objective: to determine the histo-ultrastructural changes of cells of the muscular wall of the gallbladder wall of experimental mice under the action of ursodeoxycholic acid. Methods. By the method of simple randomization, mice were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n = 17) - animals that were received ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 100.0 mg/kg and control group (n = 13) - intact (distilled water). Gallbladder morphological examination was performed using light and electron microscopy methods. Results. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on the gallbladder muscular layer characterized by moderate hypertrophy of the gallbladder smooth muscle myocytes that contain metabolically active pale nuclei and prominent nucleoli. After the ursodeoxycholic acid administration an increase in the content and activity of the elements of the contractile and energy apparatus of leiomyocytes were found. In addition, ursodeoxycholic acid administration led to an increase in the number of caveolae and micropinocytic vesicles near the cell membrane of smooth muscle cells. Analysis of the components of the interstitium of the mice gallbladder muscular layer of the experimental group revealed the nuclear activity of fibroblasts due to the decondensation of chromatin. Also in the experimental group was characterized by the presence of immature collagen fibrils along with normal striated fibers that was a sign of the rearrangement of the endomysium structure. Conclusion. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the muscular membrane of the gallbladder wall of mice of the experimental group is morphologically manifested by signs of moderate hypertrophy of smooth myocytes, activation of their intracellular transport and increased activity of interstitial fibroblasts.

Abstract The continuation of high energy QCD Lipatov’s effective action to Euclidean space is performed. The resulting Euclidean QCD RFT action is considered separately in Euclidean “light-cone” coordinates and axial gauge suitable for the numerical and analytical calculations correspondingly. The further application of the obtained results is also discussed.

Backgroud. The dynamics of morphogenetic rearrangements of myocardial mitochondriom under the influence of hypothyroidism and electromagnetic radiation remains insufficiently studied. These circumstances determine the relevance and need to study the mitochondrial reactions of cardiomyocytes in these conditions. Objective.Determination of the reactions of the contractile cardiomyocytes mitochondrial apparatus of the left ventricle of rat heart under hypothyroidism on the effect of various exposures to electromagnetic radiation. Methods. We studied samples of the intramural zone of the free wall of left ventricle in sexually mature rats. Experimental animals were divided into 6 groups: 1) control (intact rats) 2) rats with hypothyroidism; 3) rats after general electromagnetic irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes 4) rats after irradiation with an exposure of 120 minutes 5) rats with hypothyroidism after irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes 6) rats with hypothyroidism after irradiation with an exposure of 120 minutes. The hypothyroid state was modeled using thyroidectomy. The effect of electromagnetic radiation was carried out daily for 10 days on the whole body. Ultrastructural analysis of the mitochondrial apparatus was performed using transmission electron microscopy. Results. Experimental hypothyroidism in rats was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial heteromorphism of contractile cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, cristolysis of myofibrillar mitochondria, and the appearance of giant organelles with severe swelling of the matrix. After irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes, the overall structure of the mitochondrial apparatus is unchanged. An exposure of 120 minutes caused the destruction of subsarcolemmal and paranuclear organelles, edema and degradation of intermyofibrillar mitochondria. After exposure for 45 minutes under conditions of a hypothyroid state, mitochondria in paranuclear localization were represented by enlarged organelles with a vacuolar type of damage, without signs of destruction of the external membranes, moderate cristolysis, with an electronically clear matrix. Exposure for 120 minutes in animals with hypothyroidism led to edema and destruction of most mitochondria, destruction of cristae, effects of excessive tension on preserved organelles, damage to the structure of intermitochondrial contacts, and inhibition of reproduction of mitochondria. Conclusion. After exposure to electromagnetic radiation for 45 minutes under hypothyroid conditions, there is a compensatory restructuring of the energy apparatus of contractile cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle due to neoplasm of mitochondria and an increase in their contact interaction. After the action of irradiation for 120 minutes, the development of destructive-degenerative processes in the mitochondrial apparatus of left ventricular cardiomyocytes is observed, and damage to intermitochondrial contacts is extended.

The article is directed at developing and substantiating one of the approaches to forecasting the individual residual resource of a particular mining equipment in operation in a coal mine clean-up area. The main causes, affecting the accuracy of forecasts, have been identified. The perspectivity of using complex forecasts on several analogs with the help of spline functions for variables, characterizing the technological situations with GGOs, has been shown. The procedure of short-term forecasting of the multidimensional process of changing the average annual values of variables describing technological situations with the conveyor and lava supports in the breakage face has been adduced. Successfully predictable and non-predictable variables have been revealed. Conducted complex forecasts for different criteria of self-organization have allowed us to set the optimal number of analogs and to rank the f

Abstract We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics.

Introduction. Hypertension (HT) is a significant and independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular disease, which is a leading cause of death and disability and is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in most countries of the world. In Ukraine, the percentage of patients with arterial hypertension is between 30 and 41%, which is more than 12 million patients. The aim of our research - to improve the diagnostic approaches of cerebrovascular disorders in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) by clarifying the development of pathogenetic mechanisms, based on a comprehensive clinical and paraclinical study. Materials and methods. Clinical and neurological examination; neuropsychological examination; instrumental examination (chronobiotic structure of blood pressure (ВР) according to daily blood pressure monitoring; heart rate variability (HRV); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); laboratory testing (determining homocysteine levels). Results. The normal level of homocysteine (GC) has been registered among 64.7% of patients with HE, moderate increase of GC has been noticed in 5.9% of cases, and a significant degree of increasment – only among 2.9% of patients. The spectral analysis of HRV has shown a decrease in the values of indicators of the overall variability of the heart rate, accompanied by a weakening of the parasympathetic and increased sympathetic effects on the cardiovascular system. Conclusions. It has been established that vascular lesions of the retina, signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and hypercholesterolemia were more commonly observed among patients with HE II stage than among patients HE stage I. According to the results of daily blood pressure monitoring, changes in the parameters among patients with HE І stage, were characterized by an increase in pulse pressure (especially at night) in conjunction with an increase in the rate of morning blood pressure. High pulse pressure is accompanied by a decreasement of brain perfusion (according to the SPECT) and this is an independent risk factor for the development of HE.

Актуальність. Анемічний синдром, який супроводжує розвиток патології у хворих з колоректальним раком, може стати причиною серйозних ранніх післяопераційних ускладнень. Є актуальним питання про те, як впливають заходи передопераційної підготовки на стан структур кишечника і клінічну ситуацію в цілому. Особливе значення в цій ситуації набуває корекція анемічного синдрому ще до проведення оперативного втручання за допомогою стимуляторів гемопоезу. Мета дослідження – аналіз динаміки еритропоезу і змін тканинної і клітинної ультраструктури в інтраопераційних біоптатах товстої кишки після стимуляції еритропоезу в передопераційній підготовці при хірургічному лікуванні хворих з колоректальним раком. Методи. Проведено вивчення червоного кісткового мозку і стінки товстого кишечника за допомогою трансмісійної електронної мікроскопії. Результати. Для більшості хворих з колоректальним раком характерний розвиток ознак неефективного еритропоезу з помірним уповільненням диференціювання еритробластів і затримкою виходу зрілих еритроцитів у системну циркуляцію. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину призводить до підвищення функціональної активності центральних макрофагів еритропоетичних острівців червоного кісткового мозку і посилення їх міжклітинної асоціації з дозріваючими еритроїдними клітинами. Це супроводжується формуванням великої кількості повноцінних еритроцитів, збільшенням чисельної щільності клітин еритроїдного ряду і нормалізацією їх ультраструктури. Підсумок. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину в передопераційному періоді обумовлює стримування ендотеліальної дисфункції за рахунок обмеження дистрофічних і деструктивних змін органел ендотеліальних клітин, стабілізації їх мембран, запобігання спазму артеріол, явищ стазу і сладжа еритроцитів. Як наслідок, явища інфільтрації, периваскулярного й інтерстиційного набряку в складі оболонок кишкової стінки виражені набагато меншою мірою, ніж у групі хворих без передопераційної активації еритропоезу.

Актуальність. Досі немає чіткого морфологічного уявлення про структурні зміни у сім’яних пу­хирцях, що відбуваються у них підчас порушень кровообігу органів репродуктивної системи, тоді як клінічні прояви порушень у цих органах чітко підтверджені на практиці. Мета. Вивчення змін паренхіми та мікроциркуляції сім’яних пухирців при порушеннях кровообігу органів сечостатевої системи є актуальним та становить мету даного до­слідження. Результати. Ультраструктурні зміни в цитоплазмі секреторних епітеліоцитів сім’яних пухирців після перев’язування сім'яного канатика спостерігалися в напрямку істотного збіднення на елементи білкового біосинтезу, зменшувалась кількість канальців комплексу Гольджі. Секрет накопичувався в апікальній частині клітин і разом з фрагментами цитоплазми і мікроворсинками виділявся в просвіт канальців. Спостерігалась гетероморфність клітин: в більшості канальці гранулярної ендоплазматичної сітки були патологічно розширеними, проте іноді виявлялися сформованими або редукованими. Значно ушкоджувалась структура мікросудин. Після ремоделювання кровообігу частково відновлювалась секреторна активність головних епітеліоцитів і структура гемокапілярів. У складі ядерець ендотеліоцитів спостерігалися характерні компоненти ядерцевих організаторів, що вказувало на активний перебіг репаративних процесів у складі мікросудинного компонента сім’яних пухирців. Підсумок. За умов моделювання порушень кровообігу органів малого тазу спостерігається суттєва деструкція епітеліального компонента сім’яних пухирців, яка зростає у термін від 7-ї до 20-ї доби експерименту та корелює зі ступенем ушкодження мікроциркуляції. Після ремоделювання циркуляторного ушкодження відбувається істотне підвищення секреторної активності головних епітеліоцитів сім’яних пухирців і часткове відновлення ультраструктури гемокапілярів, проте репаративна регене­рація мікросудин має обмежений характер.

Abstract We discuss the high energy scattering of hadrons with the multi-Regge kinematics. The effective 2D model for the interaction between the produced hard gluons appears as a result of the dimensional reduction, which is similar to the dimensional reduction $$3+1$$ 3+1 D $$\rightarrow 3$$ →3 D of the high temperature gauge theory. It is demonstrated that being supplemented by the exchange by virtual $$3+1$$ 3+1 D gluons this 2D model gives rise to the hermitian version of the effective action of Lipatov for the interaction between the ordinary and the reggeized gluons.

The article deals with the assessment results of the quality and productivity of winter soft wheat grain during the period of 2013-2015. The aggregation ability of endosperm protein due to the disulfide bonds (-S-S-) in flour ranged from 37+1.31 (2013) to 55.28+1.3 (2014) and 73.50+1.06 (2015). Respectively, the value of dough kneading was 3.53+0.13; 4.66+0.12 and 4.70+0.15 points (the device ‘Mikrolab’), which indicated about more favorable environmental conditions for the formation of the trait in 2014 and2015, in comparison with 2013. It has been determined that the largest differentiation among the samples according to the aggregation ability of protein complex and correlation of the trait with the value of dough kneading was noticed in2013. In the years contributing to higher levels of the peptides aggregation, the impact of the environment, which eliminates the hereditary differences in quality, significantly increases. The carriers of rye chromosome translocations 1RS.1BL and 1RS.1AL, in comparison with the typical wheat, possessed less aggregation of proteins, but in the years of 2013 and 2014 they significantly stood out in the productivity in the conditions of theBelgorod region.

Purpose. Investigate the features of using a series power transformer for the implementation of longitudinal compensation. Methodology. Methods of solving systems of differential equations of the first order, methods of matrix transformations, methods of numerical simulation, methods of calculating the active part of Frieze power, methods of the theory of transformation of coordinate systems. Findings. The functional scheme of the successive power active filter is realized in the implementation of longitudinal compensation, the connection of the parameters of the transformer with the parameters of the mode is investigated, the processes that take place in the transformer are considered, a method for determining the signal of the control of the successive filter is developed, in the visual programming environment a model of the simplified system of electricity consumption has been developed, researches, on the basis of which analysis, the efficiency of application of the proposed solution according to the level of voltage on the invoice is shown ancestry A series of experiments with a change in the active load power was carried out to assess the impact of the transformer on the load voltage. The conclusions of the influence of the parameters of the active filter transformers on the load voltage are formulated. Originality. Non-compliance with the quality of energy indicators leads to economic losses, reduced reliability of operation of electric networks and violation of technological processes, increase of additional losses in networks and elements of electrical equipment, shortening of service life of electrical power equipment of power systems. Longitudinal compensation is one of the solutions for ensuring the quality of electricity. Compensation provides for increasing the dynamic stability of the transmission line and the stability of the main network voltage. On the basis of the analysis of known works, it has been established that passive compensators with a permanent structure are less satisfied with the requirements for maintaining the quality of electricity. As a result, controlled filter compensating devices are developed and implemented - power active filters. The principle of the compensator - constantly creates harmonic voltages that exactly match the harmonic components generated by the load. The distortion is already compensated, already present in the power supply system. As a result, the voltage remains sinusoidal. The compensatory properties of the active filter depend on the algorithm for determining the control signal. With the use of the Frize power theory, a certain sequence of the synthesis of a control signal by a series active active filter is proposed. Practical value. A certain sequence of synthesizing the control signal of the compensator has been created, the effect of the power active filter transformers has been investigated for the realization of longitudinal compensation.

ABSTRACT. Background. Complex severe wounds require enormous efforts in their treatment. Negative pressure wound therapy, or vacuum assistance wound closure (VAC), is a promising method of accelerated wound healing. However, its efficacy needs to be approved and explained. Objective. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy assessment of wound healing under negative pressure comparing with conventional wound cure. Methods. Histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and morphometric evaluation of specimens from wound bed at admission of patients, 3 and 7 days of treatment. The morphometric analysis was performed using the ImageJ image analysis software. Results. Morphological evaluation demonstrated reduction of inflammatory infiltration, advance in wound re-epithelisation and support of negative pressure wound therapy in collagen matrix remodeling due to early proliferation of fibroblasts, elevated collagen production and myofibroblasts differentiation. Immunohistochemical labeling of vascular endothelial marker CD34 revealed significantly enhanced angiogenesis in the wound that occurs as formation of more developed and functioning microvessels on day 3 of negative pressure wound therapy comparing to control group and its reduction on 7 day of treatment. Conclusion. Vacuum assistance wound closure is a more effective method of severe combat wounds healing, than application of gauze bandages. Negative pressure wound therapy benefits a wound repair by enhancing angiogenesis, diminishing inflammation, and contributing to early connective tissue development.

Abstract The effective action for reggeized gluons is based on the gluodynamic Yang–Mills Lagrangian with external current for longitudinal gluons added, see Lipatov (Nucl Phys B 452:369, 1995; Phys Rep 286:131, 1997; Subnucl Ser 49:131, 2013; Int J Mod Phys Conf Ser 39:1560082, 2015; Int J Mod Phys A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016; EPJ Web Conf 125:01010, 2016). On the base of classical solutions, obtained in Bondarenko et al. (Eur Phys J C 77(8):527, 2017), the one-loop corrections to this effective action in light-cone gauge are calculated. The RFT calculus for reggeized gluons similarly to the RFT introduced in Gribov (Sov Phys JETP 26:414, 1968) is proposed and discussed. The correctness of the results is verified by calculation of the propagators of $$A_{+}$$ A + and $$A_{-}$$ A - reggeized gluons fields and application of the obtained results is discussed as well.

Abstract We discuss application of formalism of small-x effective action for reggeized gluons (Gribov, Sov. Phys. JETP 26:414, 1968; Lipatov, Nucl. Phys. B 452:369, 1995; Lipatov, Phys. Rep. 286:131, 1997; Lipatov, Subnucl. Ser. 49:131, 2013; Lipatov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser. 39:1560082, 2015; Lipatov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016; Lipatov, EPJ Web Conf. 125:01010, 2016; Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 23:338, 1976; Kuraev et al., Sov. Phys. JETP 45:199, 1977; Kuraev et al., Zh Eksp, Teor. Fiz. 72:377, 1977; Balitsky and Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28:822, 1978; Balitsky and Lipatov, Yad. Fiz. 28:1597 1978), for the calculation of classical gluon field of relativistic color charge, similarly to that done in CGC approach of McLerran and Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D 49:2233 (1994), Jalilian-Marian et al., Phys. Rev. D 55:5414 (1997), Jalilian-Marian et al., Nucl. Phys. B 504:415 (1997), Jalilian-Marian et al., Phys. Rev. D 59:014014 (1998), Jalilian-Marian et al., Phys. Rev. D 59:014015 (1998), Iancu et al., Nucl. Phys. A 692:583 (2001), Iancu et al., Phys. Lett. B 510:133 (2001), Ferreiro et al., Nucl. Phys. A 703:489 (2002). The equations of motion with the reggeon fields are solved in LO and NLO approximations and new solutions are found. The results are compared to the calculations performed in the CGC framework and it is demonstrated that the LO CGC results for the classical field are reproduced in our calculations. Possible applications of the NLO solution in the effective action and CGC frameworks are discussed as well.

Some biological features and distributional data on seven species of the ground beetles, registered in the Red Data Book of Krasnodarsky Krai, are presented, namely Carabus obtusus, Carabus kaljuzhnyji, Carabus miroshnikovi, Carabus caucasicus, Leistus spinibarbis, Poecilus lyroderus, and Harpalus petri. The results of the field researches, carried out by the authors in 2010–2015, expanded considerably the knowledge of their biological features and regional distribution areas; furthermore, life cycles were reconstructed for four of the above listed species.

Background. Formation of the anthropological quantitative anatomy data is an important issue which allows obtaining rates and features of physical parameters of anatomic norm in different generations, anatomic features of similarity of population groups, etc. Research objective is to ascertain values of morphometric indicators of skull front department at the Podontsovya population in the 8-14th centuries and features of their variability in the general sample and by sex. Methods. Research was conducted with use of photogrammetry at 63 passported skulls form archeological collections (32 male and 31 female, all skulls belong to the mature age period) with further processing of the obtained data by methods of descriptive statistics and the correlation analysis. Verification of the obtained data on normality was made with use of criterion χ2. The assessment of distinctions between means of each indicator by sex was carried out with use of Student's t-criterion. Results. Means and confidence interval in samples of cranial height (122,7±2,2 mm), length (156,1±2,6 mm) and breadth (126,4±2,2 mm), orbital breadth (37,4±0,8 mm) and height (32,4±0,6 mm), nose breadth (23,9±0,4 mm) and height (49,5±1,2 mm), upper facial height (67,0±1,4 mm), malar diameter (119,7±2,6 mm) and symotical index (8,4±0,4 mm) as well as minimum and maximum value of these indicators in a population, skewness, kurtosis, variation coefficient were ascertained. Existence of sexual dimorphism on indicators of height of a skull, height of a nose, malar diameter and symotical index is ascertained. Existence of strong correlation in the general sample between indicators of a nose height and upper facial height (r = 0,73), moderate correlation between the malar diameter and cranial breadth (r = 0,68), malar diameter and orbital breadth (r = 0,65), malar diameter and nose breadth and height (r = 0,57), nose height and orbital breadth (r = 0,53), malar diameter and upper facial height (r = 0,52). Lack of reliable distinctions between correlation indicators for statistically significant correlations at men and women is noted. Conclusions. Using obtained data about the population of Podontsovya in the 8-14th centuries for comparative anatomical and anthropological researches has to be carried out taking into account features of their variability and the revealed sexual dimorphism. The received results of the correlation analysis are can be considered as autocorrelation.

We calculate an one loop QCD Regge Field Theory (RFT) correction to the propagator of reggeized gluons basing on the QCD effective action of Lipatov, [1–6], and results of [7] where Dyson-Schwinger hierarchy of the equations for the correlators of reggeized gluon fields was derived. The correction is calculated entirely in the framework of RFT with the use of the obtained expressions for the RFT bare triple Reggeon vertices and propagator of reggeized gluons, the cases of bare propagator and propagator calculated to one-loop precision are considered separately. In both results the obtained correction represents non-eikonal contributions to the propagator kinematically suppressed by 1/s factor in comparison to the usual LLA contributions. The further application of the obtained results is discussed as well.

Исследование посвящено математической модели мультивариантного тестирования целевой страницы сайта. Изучены доверительные интервалы для разности коэффициентов конверсии вариаций целевой страницы.

Himic acid hydrazide derivatives are promising in terms of practical use compounds due to their wide range of biological effects (primarily neurotropic activity) and their synthetic potential. Earlier investigated in detail the methods of synthesis of hydrazones, urea, amide and imide derivatives of himic acid hydrazide. Also known diverse biological action of N-Phthaloylglycine, which could serve as an effective protection for the amino group of glycine and has interesting structural features that contribute to the formation of supramolecular complexes. The methodology of synthesis of 2-(Phthalimidoyl)-N-benzyl-N-(4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02-endo,6-endo]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione-4-yl)acetamide, including obtaining of 2-(Phthalimidoyl)-N-(4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02-endo,6-endo]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione-4-yl)acetamide based on himic acid hydrazide acid and Phthalylglycyl chloride and alkylation of obtained product. Found that acceptable yield is observed during the alkylation reaction in boiling solution of anhydrous acetone in the presence of excess calcined potassium carbonate. The structure of obtained products was confirmed by analyzing the 1H NMR spectrum.

Aim. To evaluate antihypertensive and metabolic effects of the therapy based on carvedilol (C) in comparison with metoprolol (M) in hypertensive patients with overweight or obesity.Material and methods. 320 patients were involved in multicenter, randomized open parallel study. One part of the patients received C 12,5 mg BID (Vedicardol, “Sintez”), another part – M 25 mg/day BID. Doubling dose of β-blockers (BB) and switching patients to combined therapy with AML 5-10 mg OD (Amlorus, “Sintez”) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 12,5-25 mg OD was performed if necessary. The study duration was 24 weeks.Results. Significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was revealed in both groups, there was no difference between groups (р=0,88 and p=0,61 respectively). Switching patients to combined therapy with AML and HCT was made more often in M group than in C group (p>0,05). Prescription of BB resulted in significant reduction of the heart rate, there was no difference between groups (p=0,61). 96,2% patients of group C and 95,5% of group M reached target levels of BP. Significant reduction of glucose (p0.05), half of them were not related to BB taking.Conclusion: Controlled antihypertensive therapy, based on С and M, allows reaching target levels of BP in majority of patients with overweight or obesity. Switching to combined therapy was made more seldom in group of С than in M group. Both drugs demonstrated metabolic neutrality, however significant lowering of glucose and uric acid levels and tendency to lowering of TC an LDLC levels was observed only in group С.

Aim. To evaluate efficacy and safety of ramipril (Hartil, Egis) in treatment of patients with different cardiovascular risk (according to arterial hypertension (HT) risk stratification) in real clinical practice.Material and methods. 998 patients (424 men and 574 women; aged 57,4±0,4 y.o.) with HT; with combination of HT and ischemic heart disease; with ischemic heart disease and high normal blood pressure (BP) were included in the open non-control non-comparative multicenter phase IV study. The anamnesis data collection, physical examination, evaluation of risk factors, the target organ damage, the associated cardiovascular diseases, total cardiovascular risk, previous therapy, and also BP measurement were performed. All patients received ramipril within 8 weeks additionally to previous antihypertensive therapy. The BP measurement was performed initially, after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. Achievement of target BP level (BPResults. 790 (82,1%) hypertensive patients used antihypertensive therapy before the study. 675 (85,4%) patients received ACE inhibitors, 435 (55%) patients - beta-blockers, 230 (29,1%) patients - calcium channel blockers, 420 (53,2%) patients – diuretics and 28 (3,5%) patients - angiotensin II receptor blockers. Ramipril additionally to previous therapy provided achievement of target BP in 69,4% of patients with high and in 64,8% of patients with very high cardiovascular risk.Conclusion. Addition of a ramipril to the treatment of patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk increases efficacy of the therapy.

The relevance of this study is related to the integrated assessment of tourism and recreational resources of Tomsk Region and the activities aimed at the promotion of regional tourist product on the Russian and international tourist markets. Assessment of geographical conditions, historical and cultural heritage, scientific and educational features of the Region gave the opportunity to identify the promising types of tourism: congress, educational, cognitive, hunting and fishing, environmental etc. Their development can contribute to strengthening the tourism sector of the region and allow considering tourism a branch of the economy. Currently the government, commercial and public organizations of Tomsk Region are making joint efforts for the development of programmes and PR events aimed at attracting tourists to Tomsk Region. The analysis allows us to conclude that Tomsk Region has favorable conditions for promotion of the regional tourist product.

An analysis of treatment results was made in 216 patients with intussusception of bowels at the period from 2000 to 2015. The authors showed that it would be reasonable to carry out a conservative therapy in the cases of recurrent intussusception in absence of peritonitis symptoms.

The phylogenetic relationships of strainsproducers of essential amino acids of aspartate family Brevibacterium sp. UCM Ac-674 (Brevibacterium sp. 90), Brevibacterium sp. IMV Ac-5004 (Brevibacterium sp. 90H), Brevibacterium sp. UCM Ac-675 (Brevibacterium sp. E531), mutant strain Brevibacterium sp. IMV B-7447 from the «Collections strains and lines of plants for food and agricultural biotechnology SO “Institute for Food Biotechnology and Genomics” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were investigated. The affiliation strain Brevibacterium sp. IMV B-7447 to the genus Brevibacterium within the sequences of the genes based on 16S rRNA was confirmed. The dendogram of phylogenetic relationships of studied strains and related strains Brevibacterium from database GenBank was constructed. It was shown that by the criterion of homology gene sequences based on 16S rRNA the investigated strains-producers belong to three phylogenetic groups. It was established that the mutant strain Brevibacterium sp. ІMV B-7447 has no analogues in the database GenBank.

Описано синтез ряду нових амідних та імідних похідних 2-(3,5-діоксо-4-азатрицикло[5.2.1.02,6-ендо]дец-8-єн-4-іл)бутандіової кислоти – продукту конденсації ендикового ангидриду та аспарагінової кислоти. Проведено квантово-хімічне дослідження розподілу електронної густини у ангідриді вище згаданої кислоти, результати якого свідчать про більшу вигідність атаки нуклеофільним реагентом атому Карбона карбонільної групи, яка знаходиться в другому положенні ангідридного циклу. Регіохімічному перебігу реакції амінолізу ангідриду сприяє як зарядовий так і орбітальний фактори. Наведено спектральні параметри отриманих сполук.

100 patients with CHF functional class (FC) I against the background of hypertensive disease of stage II with regular left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) (LVEF≥55%) took part in the research and were randomized into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 51 patients (54,2±22,9 years old) and received metoprolol succinate (Betalok ZOK, «AstraZeneca», Sweden) in a dosage of 78,1±19,3 mg per day. Group 2 consisted of 49 patients (55,4±23,1 years old) and received Quinapril (Accupro, «Pfizer», USA) in a dosage of 17,3± 7,7 mg per day. Initially and 6 months into therapy, the following tests were done: VO2max treadmill test, echocardiography, 6-minute walk test, NT-proBNP test. In order to objectively quantitatively determine regulatory adaptive status (RAS), a cardiorespiratory synchronism test was done. Results of the research showed that both medications improved indices of diastolic function of the LV, however only Quinapril effectively changed its structural and geometric parameters and systolic function. Exercise tolerance increased, NT-proBNP level decreased, VO2max increased, RAS improved only with Quinapril treatment. Therefore Quinapril has the advantage over metoprolol succinate in patients with CHF FC I and regular LVEF against the background of HD of stage II.

Introduction. Currently advances in different fields of biology and medicine accumulated large amount of high-throughput microarray datasets. It allows comparing, merging and analyzing such data in order to get more informative and statistically significant results. However, the process of cross-platform microarray data integration is complicated by different platform designs, that is the kind of probes used, the hybridization paradigm, the labeling and production methods. Such characteristics of microarray platforms should be considered when analyzing datasets from one study and even more when merging datasets.

Continuing the search for new potential analgesics among the derivatives of 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid, the possibility of obtaining its esters by the alkylation of the corresponding sodium salt with iodoethane in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature was studied. It was found that under such conditions, together with the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, a heteroatom of nitrogen is also alkylated. Therefore, the product of the reaction studied is a mixture of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate (major) and its 1-ethyl-substituted analog (minor). A simple but very effective method of preparative separation of these compounds was proposed. Moreover, the heterogeneous crystallization from ethanol was revealed to result in a monoclinic polymorphic form of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate, while the homogeneous crystallization results in its orthorhombic form. The molecular and crystal structures of both forms were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the phase purity by powder diffraction study. The pharmacological tests carried out on the model of a carrageenan edema showed that the screening dose of 20 mg/kg of 1-ethyl-substituted ester and the orthorhombic form of its analog unsubstituted in position 1 exhibited weak anti-inflammatory and moderate analgesic effects. At the same time, the monoclinic form of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate appeared to be both a powerful analgesic and an anti-inflammatory agent that exceeded Piroxicam and Meloxicam in the same doses by these indicators. A detailed comparative analysis of the molecular and crystal structures of two polymorphic forms of ethyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate was carried out using quantum chemical calculations of the energies of pairwise interactions between molecules. An explanation of the essential differences of their biological properties based on this was offered.

Проведеные реакции (4-азатрицикло[5.2.1.02-эндо,6-эндо]дец-8-ен-3,5-дион-4-ил)карбоновых кислот с п-бромфенилазидом, неожиданно завершились образованием соответствующих азиридинов вместо ожидаемых триазолинов. Предложена схема возможного механизма трансформации триазолинового фрагмента, образовавшегося на первой стадии реакции, в азиридиновый с участием карбоксильной группы. Структура синтезированных соединений подтверждена на основе анализа ИК-спектров и спектров ЯМР 1Н.

A typical eukaryotic gene is comprised of alternating stretches of regions, exons and introns, retained in and spliced out a mature mRNA, respectively. Although the length of introns may vary substantially among organisms, a large fraction of genes contains short introns in many species. Notably, some Ciliates (Paramecium and Nyctotherus) possess only ultra-short introns, around 25 bp long. In Paramecium, ultra-short introns with length divisible by three (3n) are under strong evolutionary pressure and have a high frequency of in-frame stop codons, which, in the case of intron retention, cause premature termination of mRNA translation and consequent degradation of the mis-spliced mRNA by the nonsense-mediated decay mechanism. Here, we analyzed introns in five genera of Ciliates, Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Ichthyophthirius, Oxytricha, and Stylonychia. Introns can be classified into two length classes in Tetrahymena and Ichthyophthirius (with means 48 bp, 69 bp, and 55 bp, 64 bp, respectively), but, surprisingly, comprise three distinct length classes in Oxytricha and Stylonychia (with means 33-35 bp, 47-51 bp, and 78-80 bp). In most ranges of the intron lengths, 3n introns are underrepresented and have a high frequency of in-frame stop codons in all studied species. Introns of Paramecium, Tetrahymena, and Ichthyophthirius are preferentially located at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, whereas introns of Oxytricha and Stylonychia are strongly skewed towards the 5' end. Analysis of evolutionary conservation shows that, in each studied genome, a significant fraction of intron positions is conserved between the orthologs, but intron lengths are not correlated between the species. In summary, our study provides a detailed characterization of introns in several genera of Ciliates and highlights some of their distinctive properties, which, together, indicate that splicing spellchecking is a universal and evolutionarily conserved process in the biogenesis of short introns in various representatives of Ciliates.

Differential cross-sections of excitation and decay of 7 Li*(7,45 MeV) resonance into 6 Li + n channel in three particle reaction 7 Li(α, α6 Li)n at α-particle energy of 27,2 MeV have been determined in kinematically complete and incomplete experiments. Usage of position sensitive detector made it possible to obtain the data on space distributions of decay events for full range of possible angles and to determine the total probability of this process, which value essentially differs from the data for binary reactions. This result is agreed with previously obtained [1] and confirms the theoretical calculations [2] of decay branching ratio for short lived near-threshold resonances in three particle reactions.

Розглянута можливість використання соціального інжинірингу в процесі формування політики брендингу території. Дана загальна інформація щодо поняття «соціальний інжиніринг», задач, які перед ним стоять та можливих напрямків використання у політиці брендингу територій.