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Background: The present study evaluated the histological outcomes of two dental restorative materials, polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) and conventional composite resin, in the primary molars of puppies. Materials and Methods: Twenty sound primary molars in four puppies were used. The puppies were rendered unconscious using general anesthesia. Similar cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared in 16 of the 20 selected primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups: Group I: Eight cavities were restored with compomer; Group II: Eight cavities were restored with conventional composite resin; Group III: Four teeth remained untreated and were used as controls. In Groups I and II, four teeth were examined histologically after 2 weeks and the other four after 6 weeks. The histological findings were analyzed and compared to determine the effects of each type of resin material on the dentine and the pulp. Results: At 6 weeks, the specimens tested for compomer showed obvious destructive changes in the central region and the region of the pulp adjacent to the cavity. The specimens tested for conventional composite resin revealed, at 6 weeks, massive destruction of the pulp tissues and abscess formation was observed. All the specimens tested in the control group showed normal cellularity, normal vascularity, and proper alignment of odontoblast cells. Conclusions: The teeth restored with compomer demonstrated more favorable pulpal reactions when compared with the teeth restored with conventional composite resin after 6 weeks.

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the internal adaptation of various pulp-capping materials, namely TheraCal, Biodentine, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), on the dentin of permanent teeth through the utilization of micro-computed tomography (MCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty permanent molars were divided into three groups using a random process: group A (TheraCal), group B (Biodentine), and group C (MTA, which served as the control group). On the buccal surface of each tooth, a class V cavity of a standardized cylindrical shape was prepared. Subsequently, the respective pulp-capping material was applied to the cavity based on the assigned group, followed by restoration with composite resin. Based on the MCT results, it was observed that group A had a considerably larger gap volume in comparison to groups B and C (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in gap volume between groups B and C. Regarding the OCT findings, group A displayed a substantially higher level of light reflection than groups B and C (p < 0.001). Group C exhibited a significantly lower level of light reflection in comparison to group B (p < 0.001). Biodentine and MTA revealed similar outcomes in terms of how well they adhered to the dentinal surface in permanent teeth. Both materials exhibited superior performance in comparison to TheraCal. The utilization of OCT in clinical practice could be advantageous as it enables dentists to monitor and evaluate restorations during post-treatment follow-up. It is imperative to intensify efforts aimed at making OCT equipment more accessible and applicable, overcoming its current limitations, and allowing for its widespread utilization in clinical practice.

Background: The present study evaluated the histological outcomes of two dental restorative materials, polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) and conventional composite resin, in the primary molars of puppies. Materials and Methods: Twenty sound primary molars in four puppies were used. The puppies were rendered unconscious using general anesthesia. Similar cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared in 16 of the 20 selected primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups: Group I: Eight cavities were restored with compomer; Group II: Eight cavities were restored with conventional composite resin; Group III: Four teeth remained untreated and were used as controls. In Groups I and II, four teeth were examined histologically after 2 weeks and the other four after 6 weeks. The histological findings were analyzed and compared to determine the effects of each type of resin material on the dentine and the pulp. Results: At 6 weeks, the specimens tested for compomer showed obvious destructive changes in the central region and the region of the pulp adjacent to the cavity. The specimens tested for conventional composite resin revealed, at 6 weeks, massive destruction of the pulp tissues and abscess formation was observed. All the specimens tested in the control group showed normal cellularity, normal vascularity, and proper alignment of odontoblast cells. Conclusions: The teeth restored with compomer demonstrated more favorable pulpal reactions when compared with the teeth restored with conventional composite resin after 6 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-related enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in susceptible individuals. Oral manifestations of CD have been frequently described, although reports on dental maturity (DM) are scant. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of DM in CD patients and to test for possible predictors. Methods This is a case–control study of children with CD and healthy controls between 2017 and 2020. A panoramic radiograph and comprehensive oral examination were performed for each participant. Dental age (DA) was measured according to Demirjian’s method and DM was calculated by subtracting the chronological age (CA) from the DA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DM between CD patients and controls, and a multivariate analysis was utilized to look for predictors of DM. Results Two-hundred and eight participants (104 children with CD, and 104 healthy controls) were incorporated. The mean age for CD patients was 10.67 ± 2.40 years, and 10.69 ± 2.37 years for healthy controls (P = 0.971). CD patients had a higher prevalence of delayed DM than controls (62.5% vs. 3%, respectively). They also had a greater delay in DM than controls (− 7.94 ± 10.94 vs. 6.99 ± 8.77, P

Abstract Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) has traditionally been used as a root filling material in primary teeth pulpectomy. Calcium hydroxide and iodoform (Ca(OH)2/iodoform) may have advantages as a root canal filling material to evaluate treatment success of Ca(OH)2/iodoform pulpectomy in primary teeth compared with ZOE based on clinical and radiographical criteria. All human clinical studies reporting clinical and radiographical outcomes of Ca(OH)2/iodoform compared with ZOE in primary teeth pulpectomy were identified in digital bibliographic databases. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted relevant study characteristics. Success of treatment was based on an accomplishment of specific clinical and radiographical criteria. Meta‐analyses were performed to appraise study heterogeneity and aggregated statistics. Out of 5,000 articles identified in initial search, 15 articles met all inclusion criteria, while 10 were included in the meta‐analyses. At 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and radiographical success rates of Ca(OH)2/iodoform and ZOE. However, ZOE was shown to have statistically significant higher success rates at ≥18‐month follow‐up. On the basis of the findings of this systematic review, we recommend that Ca(OH)2/iodoform be utilized for pulpectomy in primary teeth nearing exfoliation; conversely, ZOE should be utilized when exfoliation is not expected to occur soon. Future randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material. The success of pulpectomy in primary teeth depends on selecting the ideal root canal filling material. It is challenging to select the appropriate filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE or ZOE/iodoform combined with Ca(OH)2 appears to be the materials of choice if primary teeth are not nearing exfoliation. More high‐quality randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up period are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material in primary teeth (systematic review registration number: CRD42016037563).

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the internal adaptation of various pulp-capping materials, namely TheraCal, Biodentine, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), on the dentin of permanent teeth through the utilization of micro-computed tomography (MCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty permanent molars were divided into three groups using a random process: group A (TheraCal), group B (Biodentine), and group C (MTA, which served as the control group). On the buccal surface of each tooth, a class V cavity of a standardized cylindrical shape was prepared. Subsequently, the respective pulp-capping material was applied to the cavity based on the assigned group, followed by restoration with composite resin. Based on the MCT results, it was observed that group A had a considerably larger gap volume in comparison to groups B and C (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in gap volume between groups B and C. Regarding the OCT findings, group A displayed a substantially higher level of light reflection than groups B and C (p < 0.001). Group C exhibited a significantly lower level of light reflection in comparison to group B (p < 0.001). Biodentine and MTA revealed similar outcomes in terms of how well they adhered to the dentinal surface in permanent teeth. Both materials exhibited superior performance in comparison to TheraCal. The utilization of OCT in clinical practice could be advantageous as it enables dentists to monitor and evaluate restorations during post-treatment follow-up. It is imperative to intensify efforts aimed at making OCT equipment more accessible and applicable, overcoming its current limitations, and allowing for its widespread utilization in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Biodentine) relative to MTA when used as indirect pulp capping for primary teeth. Materials and Methods. Thirty primary molars were randomly allocated into three groups, group (A) was TheraCal, group (B) was Biodentine, and MTA was the control group (C). A standardized round class-V cavity (1.5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was prepared using a milling machine on the buccal surface of each tooth with the pulpal floor located on the dentin. Then, pulp-capping materials were applied. Finally, all teeth were restored by composite restoration. The internal adaptation of the pulp-capping materials to the dentinal surface was investigated by microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) to determine the internal gap volume, and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the high-intensity reflection of light from the floor. Results. Based on Micro-CT findings, TheraCal showed significantly higher internal gap volume than both MTA and Biodentine (p < 0.001), while MTA and Biodentine did not show a significant difference in the gap volume. Based on the OCT findings, TheraCal showed a significantly higher intensity of light reflection than both MTA and Biodentine (p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference between MTA and Biodentine. Pearson's correlation test showed that there was a strong positive correlation between Micro-CT and OCT (r = 0.686 , N = 30 , p < 0.001). Conclusions. Biodentine and MTA showed a comparable result in terms of their internal adaptation on the dentinal surface of the primary teeth, and both were better than TheraCal. There is a moderate to a strong positive correlation between Micro-CT and OCT in the measurement of internal adaptation of the tested pulp capping materials. OCT can be helpful and beneficial for the clinical setting and allow dentists to screen and evaluate restorations during follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laser-spectroscopic study of the CaH and CaD radicals in a supersonic beam, generated in a reaction of laser-sputtered Ca atoms and pulsed beam of H2 or D2 seeded in Helium is reported. The rotational populations observed in X (super 2)sigma(super +1) (v'=0) for the two isotopomerscould be associated with different average rotational temperature values for CaD and CaH: T(sub rot) = 52 (plusmn 7) and T(sub rot) = 85 (plusmn 11) K, respectively.

Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) has traditionally been used as a root filling material in primary teeth pulpectomy. Calcium hydroxide and iodoform (Ca(OH)2/iodoform) may have advantages as a root canal filling material to evaluate treatment success of Ca(OH)2/iodoform pulpectomy in primary teeth compared with ZOE based on clinical and radiographical criteria. All human clinical studies reporting clinical and radiographical outcomes of Ca(OH)2/iodoform compared with ZOE in primary teeth pulpectomy were identified in digital bibliographic databases. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted relevant study characteristics. Success of treatment was based on an accomplishment of specific clinical and radiographical criteria. Meta‐analyses were performed to appraise study heterogeneity and aggregated statistics. Out of 5,000 articles identified in initial search, 15 articles met all inclusion criteria, while 10 were included in the meta‐analyses. At 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and radiographical success rates of Ca(OH)2/iodoform and ZOE. However, ZOE was shown to have statistically significant higher success rates at ≥18‐month follow‐up. On the basis of the findings of this systematic review, we recommend that Ca(OH)2/iodoform be utilized for pulpectomy in primary teeth nearing exfoliation; conversely, ZOE should be utilized when exfoliation is not expected to occur soon. Future randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material. The success of pulpectomy in primary teeth depends on selecting the ideal root canal filling material. It is challenging to select the appropriate filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE or ZOE/iodoform combined with Ca(OH)2 appears to be the materials of choice if primary teeth are not nearing exfoliation. More high‐quality randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up period are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material in primary teeth (systematic review registration number: CRD42016037563). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed diff erent restorative materials in primary teeth over a one-year period. Sixty carious primary molars were selected from 30 patients; ages 5-10 years. Class I and II cavities were divided into four groups: group I: 15 Class I cavities were restored with a compomer, group II: 15 Class I cavities were restored with a resin composite, group III: 15 Class II cavities were restored with a compomer and group IV: 15 Class II cavities were restored with a resin composite. Each child had two teeth restored, one with compomer and the other with composite resin as control. Direct clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed by one examiner after 24 hours, 6- and 12-months. Indirect clinical evaluations were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope after 24 hours and 12-months periodically. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed no signifi cant diff erences between the compomer and resin composite at 6- and 12-months. Indirect clinical evaluation showed good marginal interfaces between the restorations and the tooth structure throughout the evaluation periods. Both materials presented signifi cant clinical and radiographic performances in Class I and II restorations of primary molars after one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the internal adaptation of some dental adhesive restorative material (Nano-composite resin/Biodentine, Nanocomposite resin / Nano-resin-modified glass ionomer and Nano-composite resin) to the primary dentinal surface using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) Materials and methods: Forty-five extracted primary molars, due to caries or orthodontic reasons, were collected provided that it has an intact buccal/lingual surface(s) and one half to two-thirds of root length. The selected teeth were disinfected and stored in normal saline at room temperature. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental restorative groups according to the restoration type (15 per group): group A: Nanocomposite resin / Biodentine, group B: Nanocomposite resin / Nano-resin-modified glass ionomer and group C: restored totally with Nanocomposite resin. A high-resolution desktop micro-CT (Model 1172, Skyscan, Belgium) was used to image the samples. Results: The mean rank of volumetric dimension values of the total gap at the restorative material - dentine interface demonstrated significant difference among the three groups (P= 0.003). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean rank of the ratio of total gap volume/cavity volume among the three restorative groups (P=0.015). The data demonstrate that group A showed the lowest in total gap volume and mean ratio of total gap volume/cavity volume while group C recorded the highest value. Conclusion: Biodentine exhibited a higher internal adaptation to a dentinal surface which is comparable to Nano resin-modified glass ionomer. The study results potentiate the importance of using Biodentine liners under Nano-composite (sandwich technique) in terms of excellent internal adaptation, in addition to its high biocompatibility and easy handling as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are developmental odontogenic jaw cysts. Dentigerous cysts require early detection and prompt treatment ranging from marsupialization to complete enucleation. Few of these cysts have been reported in children younger than 12 years of age. The purpose of this case report was to describe the case of an 11-yearold boy with a dentigerous cyst associated with unerupted right mandibular canine. The clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features are discussed. This case report also describes the diagnosis of a mandibular dentigerous cyst using cone beam computed tomography, successful use of conservative enucleation and explains the need for such a radical treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this report was to describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of a case of regional odontodysplasia (RA) in a seven-year-old boy who was followed for approximately two years. The case is unusual in that the dysplasia occurred in the mandible, and there was a normal-appearing tooth within the lesion, suggesting that there may be local factors that determine susceptibility of individual teeth in RA. The diagnosis of RA was based on the typical features of "ghost" teeth and evidence of disrupted calcification characterized by psammomatous bodies, hypomineralizotion of enamel, and the presence of interglobular dentin. Seguential orthopantomograms provide evidence of delayed dental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission from the lowest quintet state of CO is observed in low power glow discharge. Intersystem crossing from the state to the state makes transition from the state to lower lying states possible. The term values for the three lower vibrational levels of the state are found to be , and above the ground level. The fundamental vibrational frequency of the state is found to be . Analysis of the relaxation pathways of excited CO molecules via the state is carried out and transition lines assigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-related enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in susceptible individuals. Oral manifestations of CD have been frequently described, although reports on dental maturity (DM) are scant. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of DM in CD patients and to test for possible predictors. Methods: This is a case–control study of children with CD and healthy controls between 2017 and 2020. A panoramic radiograph and comprehensive oral examination were performed for each participant. Dental age (DA) was measured according to Demirjian's method and DM was calculated by subtracting the chronological age (CA) from the DA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DM between CD patients and controls, and a multivariate analysis was utilized to look for predictors of DM. Results: Two-hundred and eight participants (104 children with CD, and 104 healthy controls) were incorporated. The mean age for CD patients was 10.67 ± 2.40 years, and 10.69 ± 2.37 years for healthy controls (P = 0.971). CD patients had a higher prevalence of delayed DM than controls (62.5% vs. 3%, respectively). They also had a greater delay in DM than controls (− 7.94 ± 10.94 vs. 6.99 ± 8.77, P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified age between 6 and 7 years (β ± SE = 16.21 ± 2.58, P < 0.001), as the only predictor for DM. Conclusions: CD patients had a greater prevalence of delayed DM than controls. No predictors for DM could be found, except young age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the observation of new fluorescence emission spectral transitions obtained from NO diatomic molecule in the region from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) in a low power glow discharge system. This glow discharge electronic excitation populates different quartet and doublet states of NO in its proximity such as the A2Σ (υ = 2), b4Σ− (υ = 3), B2Π (υ = 4), and X2Π (υ = 33−32) states. Due to inter-system crossing, emission lines originating from these levels to lower lying states are recorded and spectral line assignments are performed. The observed systems include b4Σ−−a4Π, B2Π−a4Π, a4Π−X2Π, A2Σ−X2Π, X2Π−X2Π (33–15), X2Π–X2Π (33–17), X2Π–X2Π (33–20), and X2Π–X2Π (33–18). This new information will conduce to the better understanding of the interesting features of NO molecule. Such parameters that affect the recording of low density of NO molecules are also discussed In addition to the factors such as the time evolution, argon gas concentration relative to NO mixture, the percentage of NO molecular gas concentration, discharge electric current signals and discharge applied voltage are studied. Those factors would enhance the fluorescence signal intensity of NO molecules. The recent results might be significant as reference data for optimizing the glow discharge spectrometer and diagnostics of NO gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a laser-spectroscopic study of the CaH and CaD radicals in a supersonic beam, generated in a reaction of laser-sputtered Ca atoms and a pulsed beam of H2 or D2, seeded in helium. The rotational levels of the electronic ground-state X 2Σ+ (υ‘ ‘ = 0, N‘ ‘ ≤ 10) were probed by two-color resonance ionization mass spectrometry—(1 + 1‘) resonance-enhanced multiphonon ionization (REMPI)—via the intermediate B 2Σ+ (υ‘ = 0, 1) rovibronic levels. Rotational constants for the B-state were derived, including the spin splitting parameters γυ‘, which have been determined in the case of CaD for the first time: γ0 = -0.409(7) cm-1 and γ1 = -0.398(8) cm-1 for CaD (B 2Σ+), and γ0 = -0.792(15) cm-1 and γ1 = -0.765(16) cm-1 for CaH (B 2Σ+). The comparison between the rotational level energies of the F1 and F2 spin substates of the two isotopomers revealed the onset of perturbation in CaH B 2Σ+ (υ‘ = 0), at N‘ ≅ 0, by the presence of the vibronic state A 2Π (υ‘ = 1). Although this perturbation is documented for υ‘ ≥ 1, it had not been previously recognized for υ‘ = 0. The rotational populations observed in X 2Σ+ (υ‘ ‘ = 0) for the two isotopomers could be associated with different average rotational temperature values for CaD and CaH: Trot = 52 (± 7) and Trot = 85 (± 11) K, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and formocresol (FC) for pulpotomy in primary teeth. Methods: Utilizing a split-mouth technique, 106 primary molars of 36 five- to eight-year-olds were included. The teeth were selected according to specific clinical and radiographic inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the LLLT group and FC group. A pulpotomy was performed on each molar; 53 teeth were treated with LLLT, and 53 teeth were treated using FC. Children were followed at six and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Results: At six months, the clinical success rate was 98 percent for each group. Radiographic success was 100 percent for the LLLT group and 98 percent for the FC group. At 12 months, both groups showed a clinical success of 96.1 percent Radiographic success at 12 months was 100 percent and 98 percent for LLLT and FC, respectively Conclusions: Both low-level loser therapy and formocresol pulpotomy techniques showed favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes in human primary molar teeth over 12 months. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) hexagonal nanodisks were synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and used, for the first time, as an efficient electron mediators for the fabrication of efficient ethanol chemical sensor. The synthesized hexagonal nanodisks were characterized in terms of their morphological and structural properties. The detailed morphological and structural investigations reveal that the synthesized Mg(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks are grown in high density, and possessing hexagonal crystal structure. Using as-synthesized Mg(OH)2 hexagonal nanodisks, an efficient and robust ethanol chemical sensor has been fabricated which showed a very high and reproducible sensitivity of ∼6.89±0.01μAcm−2 mM−1 with a response time of less than 10s, linear dynamic range from 0.1μM to 10mM and a correlation coefficient of R =0.9957. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be ∼73nM. This work demonstrates that the simply synthesized Mg(OH)2 nanostructures can effectively be used for the fabrication of efficient ethanol chemical sensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]