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To elucidate the stoichiometric dynamics of organic C, N, P, and extracellular enzymes in soil in typical agricultural and forestry lands, primary evergreen broad-leaved forests and converted plantations, orchards, sloping croplands, and paddies with similar geographical backgrounds and clear land-use history in western Hunan Province were selected. The space-for-time substitution method was applied to reveal the effect of primary forest conversion on the contents of organic C, total N, and total P; activities of extracellular enzymes, including their: stoichiometric ratios; relationships with labile C, N, and P fractions at a soil depth of 0-40 cm. Compared to the primary forest, the contents of soil organic C, total N, and total P in the orchard and sloping cropland were much more greatly reduced（40%-79%） than that in plantations and paddies. The reduction was similar in topsoil and deep soil, indicating relatively unfavorable conditions for organic C and nutrient preservation in deep soil under orchards and sloping croplands. No significant differences in soil C-N-P ratios were observed among the orchards, sloping croplands, paddy fields, and primary forests. The C-N-P ratios in soil were 60%-124% higher in plantations than in primary forests, indicating co-limitation by N and P in the soil under the plantation. The β-glucosaminidase, β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and acid phosphatase activities were reduced by 18%-64% in the converted land-use sites than in the primary forest. Compared to that of the primary forest, the stoichiometric ratios of C-and P-acquiring enzyme(EC/P) in the topsoil under the orchard and sloping cropland were significantly reduced, whereas the EC/P ratios in the 20-40 cm deep soil were significantly increased. The contents of organic C, total N, total P, enzyme activities, and their ratios were significantly correlated with the contents of the labile C, N, and P fractions in soil. Primary forest conversion resulted in substantial reductions in soil organic C, total N, and total P contents and extracellular enzyme activities in the topsoil and at depths of 20-40 cm deep. This indicates a reduction in microbial substrate availability and soil quality/health degradation. The responses of the stoichiometric ratios of soil organic C, total N, and total P contents and enzyme activities to primary forest conversion were relatively weak. Whether these stoichiometric ratios can effectively indicate the soil health change remains further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Automobile Technology is the property of Automobile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【目的】对比不同剂量聚乙二醇重组人生长激素（PEG-rhGH）注射液治疗青春期前生长激素缺乏症（GHD）儿童促生长的疗效、安全性和不良事件，为临床用药提供参考。【方法】2015 年6 月至2016 年10 月在中山大学附属第一医院儿童生长发育中心确诊青春期前GHD 儿童 37 例，按PEG-rhGH 剂量随机分为两组：低剂量组（0.12 mg/kg，每周皮下注射 1 次）19 例和高剂量组（0.20 mg/kg，每周皮下注射 1 次）18 例，疗程 26 周。治疗过程监测身高、体质量、身高增长速度（HV）、身高标准差分值（HtSDS）、体质量指数（BMI）、骨龄（BA）和血清IGF-1 水平，收集不良反应信息。【结果】两组儿童治疗后的HV、HtSDS 及IGF-1 均较治疗前显著提高（P < 0.001），高剂量组 HV、HtSDS 增加值和血清 IGF-1 水平均高于低剂量组，但差异无显著性（P 值分别为 0.055、0.052 和 0.054）； HtSDS 和骨龄增长两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。治疗过程中出现不同程度局部脂肪萎缩6 例（16.2%）（高剂量组3 例16.7%，低剂量组3 例15.8%），与家长相对固定注射部位相关，经指导变换注射部位后3~6 月脂肪萎缩好转。低皮 质醇血症6 例（16.2%）（高剂量组4 例22.2%，低剂量组2 例10.5%）；亚临床甲状腺功能减退2 例（高剂量组1 例， 低剂量组1 例，为高TSH，T3、T4 正常）。两组的不良反应发生率无统计学差异（P > 0.05），未见明显严重不良反应。【结论】PEG-rhGH 能有效促进GHD 患儿的线性生长，高剂量组疗效似优于低剂量组。两组不良事件差异无统计学意义。聚乙二醇重组人生长激素治疗过程中有相当比例发生一定程度的局部脂肪萎缩，临床应用中必须注意注射部位轮换，可防范和降低不良反应的发生，提高治疗依从性。

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power / Reneng Dongli Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze chromosomal detection results of villi tissues of patients with embryo damage. Methods A total of 240 aborted villi tissues were selected from patients with embryo damage, and the chromosomes were detected by genome copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). Results In 240 cases of aborted villi tissues of patients with embryo damage, 181 cases had abnormal chromosomes and 59 cases had normal chromosomes. Among 181 cases of abnormal chromosome villi tissues of patients with embryo damage, there were 97 cases of abnormal chromosome number, including 76 cases of autosomal trisomy, 18 cases of sex chromosome monomer and 3 cases of triploid. There were 120 cases with abnormal chromosome structure. Chromosome number and structure abnormalities were found in some spec‑ imens. There were 157 and 24 chromosomal abnormalities in the aborted villi tissues of patients of childbearing age (208 cases) and elderly parturient women (32 cases), respectively. There were 61 cases of autosomal trisomy, 16 cases of sex chromosome monomer and 3 cases of triploid in childbearing age, and 15, 2 and 0 cases of senior age, respectively. Signif‑ icant difference was found in the number of autosomal trisomy between the two groups (P<0. 05). There were 100, 46, 22, 9 and 4 cases of chromosomal abnormality of aborted villus tissues in patients with 1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5 times of embryo damage (136, 51, 33, 15 and 5 cases), respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the patients with twice embryo damage and patients with three or four times of embryo damage (P<0. 05). There were 58, 26, 11, 2 and 0 cases of abnormal chromosome number of aborted villus tissues in patients with 1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5 times of embryo damage, respectively. Significant difference was found between the patients with once, twice embryo damage and patients with four times of embryo damage (P<0. 05). A total of 120 cases of CNV were detected, of which 18 were pathogenic, 2 were probable pathogenic, 87 were of unknown clinical significance, and 13 were likely benign. Conclusions The rate of chromosomal abnormalities in the aborted villi tissues is higher in patients with embryo damage, and the type of abnormalities is abnormal chromosome number or structure. Trisomy is the most common occurrence of autosomal majority, and the incidence of 16-trisomy is the highest, followed by 22-trisomy, 15-trisomy, 21-trisomy, etc. X monomer is the most common sex chromosome abnormality. There is no difference in chromosome abnormality of aborted villi tissue between the patients of childbearing age and the old age, but there is a difference in chromosome abnormality of aborted villi tissues be‑ tween the patients of different times of embryo damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The etiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is unclear, which may be associated with genetic, hereditary and environmental factors, etc. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line drug for the treatment of PBC. Eosinophilic granulomatous with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vascular inflammatory disease characterized by necrotizing vasculitis, infiltration of eosinophils in tissues and organs, and formation of extravascular granulomas. In this report, a 65-year-old male patient presented with recurrent rashes on four limbs, recurrent abnormal liver function, asthma-like wheezing, microscopic hematuria, abnormal renal function, and eosinophilia. He was finally diagnosed with PBC complicated with EGPA. This case suggests that the possibility of rheumatic immune system disease should be considered for patients with unexplained eosinophilia complicated with multiple organ damage, such as skin, lung, liver, kidney, and immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Maillard reaction, which is the main source of food color and flavor, is one of the most recognized chemical reactions in cooking. The simplified experimental methods of the complex Maillard reaction were innovatively designed using common amino acids, proteins, and sugars as raw materials. These reactions were easily preformed in a household microwave oven. The flavor products were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to evaluate the fundamental relationship between flavor and chemical components. Moreover, delicious and nutritious cuisines can be cooked in the kitchen facilitated by the Maillard reaction mechanism. This study explored the chemical mysteries of delicacy, and demonstrated the magic and charm of chemistry. It is rich in content, diverse in forms, and suitable to popularize chemical knowledge in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的 分析重庆市某三甲医院医耗改革效果,为后续改革提供参考。方法 以该院患者病案 首页和医保结算系统为数据库,时间段为2019年1月至2020年12月,其中2019年1月1日至2019年12月 21日为改革前。以每月为分析单位,运用间断时间序列回归分析改革前后患者费用负担和费用结构变化,并结 合多元线性回归进行深入探讨。结果 共获取有效病例数65 535份,其中改革前占61.65%(40 400/65 535)。 综合来看,改革后患者次均费用和个人负担均上升、实际报销比例下降;耗占比下降、手术费占比和病理费占比 均上升。结论 改革后费用结构得到调整,但调整幅度待优化;患者实际经济负担增加,仍需加强控费;医保杠 杆作用失灵,应完善三医联动。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Synthetic Crystals is the property of Journal of Synthetic Crystals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Natural Gas & Oil is the property of Editorial Department of Natural Gas & Oil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Bioabsorbable materials have shown obvious advantages in clinical application for more than ten years, and have been widely used in many biomedical fields. OBJECTIVE: To review characteristics of bioabsorbable materials and their application in orthopedics. METHODS: The articles published in Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, and PubMed databases were searched by computer. The key words were “bioabsorbable materials, bioabsorbable metal materials, bioabsorbable inorganic materials, polymer materials, biocomposites” in Chinese, and “bioabsorbable/bioabsorbable material, metal material, polymer material, biocomposites” in English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Absorbable metal materials have good mechanical properties. The corrosion mechanism of polymer materials is clear, which can predict the corrosion behavior and corrosion rate in vivo and in vitro, but its load-bearing performance is not as good as that of absorbable metal materials. After certain treatment, bioceramics have good biocompatibility, bone conductivity and osseointegration, but they are brittle and difficult to be formed. Biocomposites have the properties of component materials, and can also obtain new properties that single component materials do not have, so it has a wide application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery / Linchuang Shenjingwaike Zazhi is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: At present, many studies have proved that intramedullary nail and steel plate internal fixation is a better way to treat displaced midshaft clavicular fracture. However, there are relatively few comparative studies on the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, and there are still many controversies. Through the meta-analysis of related literature, the efficacy and safety of intramedullary nail and steel plate in the treatment of adult displaced midshaft clavicular fracture were systematically evaluated. METHODS: Through computer retrieval of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from the inception to January 2020, the literature of randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria of intramedullary nail and steel plate in the treatment of adult displaced midshaft clavicular fracture was collected and screened, and the quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out. The operation time, incision length and upper limb function score, Constant-Murley score, and fracture healing time were used as the evaluation indexes of meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using ReMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: (1) Eight valuable articles were retrieved, among which 283 patients were treated with intramedullary nail and 271 patients were treated with steel plate internal fixation. (2) The meta-analysis results showed that the intramedullary nail group was superior to the steel plate group in terms of operation time [MD=-19.63, 95%CI(-22.72,-16.54)], incision length [MD=-3.31, 95%CI(-5.78, -0.85)], and fracture healing time [MD=-1.53, 95%CI(-2.73, -0.33)]. (3) No significant difference was found in upper limb function score [MD=-1.91, 95%CI(-5.48, 1.66)] and Constant-Murley score [MD=-0.58, 95%CI(-4.63, 3.47) between the intramedullary nail group and the steel plate group after surgery. CONCLUSION: The results of meta-analysis showed that intramedullary nail was superior to steel plate in the operation time, incision length and fracture healing time in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fracture. The above results can provide evidence for clinical use of intramedullary nail instead of steel plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]