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В обзоре дан анализ проблемы создания единого подхода к экспериментальному описанию и к теоретическому расчету взаимосвязей, идущих параллельно внутри атомов аттосекундных реакций субатомных квазичастиц и фемтосекундных превращений на атомном масштабном уровне биомиметических материалов. Решение этой проблемы появилось на грани 2020-х гг., когда синхротронная генерация аттосекундных однопериодных фотонов сделала возможным экспериментальное изучение их влияния на субатомную квантовую динамику в материалах и открыла путь к квантовым технологиям управления аттосекундной динамикой пар и одиночных электронов, запутанных с однопериодными фотонами. Рассмотрены решения трех основных задач, открывающих реальные перспективы разработки квантовых наноэлектромеханических систем сенсорно-актуаторных технологий самосборки и самоорганизации биомиметических материалов, начиная с аттосекундно-субатомного масштаба и, через диссипативные энергетические цепи, заканчивая фемтосекундными процессами на атомном уровне материала. Рассмотрены значимость и актуальность построения моделей квантовой физикохимии и компьютерных расчетов механизмов иерархической системы управления квантовыми технологиями не только на субатомном и атомном, но также на более высоких нано-, микро- и мезомасштабных уровнях строения биомиметических материалов.

This is a two‐part paper: in the first one, a personal story serves as a conceptual prism through which I address the issue of how a queer analyst can be a problem for analytical psychology; in the second, I present some readings and images—mostly from decolonial feminisms—that have been of interest to me lately in my path to queer Jungian psychology, that is, to de‐essentialize and de‐individualize its theory and practice. By borrowing (and altering) the title from Gloria Anzaldúa's (1991/2009a) essay "To(o) queer the writer", this paper explores some themes she has elaborated there on solidarity, theorization and ways of writing and reading from othered points of view. In dialogue with Donna Haraway's (2016) Staying with the Trouble and Ursula K. Le Guin's (1989/2000) The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction, together with the imagery of bags, weaving and string figures game, this paper aims to explore the potential of what I have called "woven onto‐epistemologies". By imagining and developing this new condition of knowledge, other stories and theories in analytical psychology may have an opportunity to be told. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article considers the issues of education in Folk Pedagogy and the identification of educational technologies that contribute to the formation of the normative type of a personality within these pedagogical institutions. Problems associated with human consciousness, its opposition to the surrounding natural and social world, self-identification, self-government, etc. occupy key position in the studies of the Humanities, various approaches, judgments, concepts, claiming the role of “theoretical” laws that can consistently describe the mechanisms of human consciousness as such, the study of Folk Pedagogy, namely, the Atalyk institute among the Adyghs. To solve the problems arising from it such theoretical and methodological approaches as the analysis of historical and ethnographic literature on a given social phenomenon, methods of analogy, induction, deduction and mathematical modeling are applied. A deep comprehensive study of the studied problem can make a serious positive contribution to the scientific study of Folk Pedagogy and the Atalyk institute provide an opportunity to establish the origins, determine the factors affecting the innovative specifics of functioning in different time periods of the Adygh people, and have knowledge of its individual directions and their common system-forming interdependent unity. Patterns that will help in finding functional parameters with the resulting formal signs of existence and leading to the formation of their structural integration in the educational process have been identified. This will contribute, as we think, to the establishment of the isomorphism (sameness) of the structure of the aggregate of elements that were a part of public institutions of various types. Knowledge of its individual directions and their general system of education and upbringing.

Введение: статья посвящена столетнему юбилею со дня рождения крупного ученого, специалиста в области уголовно-исполнительного (исправительно-трудового) права заслуженного деятеля науки РСФСР, доктора юридических наук, профессора Н. А. Стручкова. В статье дается описание его жизненного пути, включая участие в Великой Отечественной войне. Показано становление Николая Алексеевича как ученого и как специалиста в области уголовно-исполнительного (исправительно-трудового) права. Дается общая характеристика его научной и педагогической деятельности, анализируются наиболее значимые научные работы. Оценивается роль Н. А. Стручкова в развитии отечественного уголовно-исполнительного законодательства и правоприменительной практики. Уделено внимание участию профессора в международном сотрудничестве. Методы: методологическую основу исследования составляет аксиологический подход. Решению исследовательской задачи способствовало использование общефилософских принципов диалектики и специальных методов познания: систематического, формально-юридического, социологического и др. Результаты: профессор Н. А. Стручков является одним из основоположников теории уголовной политики, исправительно-трудовой политики, уголовно-исполнительного права. Им разработаны наиболее актуальные для второй половины ХХ в. проблемы теории, законодательства и правоприменения в этой области. Кроме этого, в круг научных интересов профессора входили вопросы уголовного права и криминологии. Научной деятельности Николая Алексеевича Стручкова посвящены несколько юбилейных статей. Столетний юбилей является поводом к тому, чтобы вновь обратиться к идеям, высказанным ученым более полувека назад, но не теряющим актуальности. Николаем Алексеевичем Стручковым подготовлены монографии, учебники, статьи. Его деятельность достаточно высоко оценена государством. Вместе с тем до настоящего времени нет подробного биографического очерка. В связи с этим представляется важным с аксиологических позиций выявить то, что является значимым для современной правотворческой и правоприменительной практики, что может стимулировать научный поиск и инициативу в решении актуальных вопросов, касающихся исполнения уголовных наказаний, исследований в области уголовной и уголовно-исполнительной политики, уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права, криминологии.

Introduction/purpose: The paper describes a more advanced theoretical model of the Earth's EM field based on two-component hypotheses. A defined mathematical model that shows the rotation of the magnetically conducting sphere of Tthe magnetization M in a foreign magnetic field and the components of the magnetic field that may arise due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. According to the established model, in relation to the reference values of the planet Earth, the values of the components of the other planets in the solar system were calculated and the results were tabulated. Methods: The solution to the problem highlighted in the title of the paper was determined using the combined, for that purpose, formalized methods of physics and mathematical analysis, in order to develop a new, more advanced mathematical model. For this purpose, the method of analogy was used, related to the application of similar structural forms and systems for researching electromagnetic processes and planetary rotation. The method of analogy was applied for two interrelated reasons. The first one is that all values that characterize the function of any natural system are subject to change, and the second one is that the applied solutions do not determine the conditions of the structure's function in each specific case. Results: The solutions in the form of original analytical formulas and numerical values arranged in Table 2, referring to the influence of the rotation of the planets and especially the Earth, will be applied to research the effects of the EM field emitted by the Sun towards the planets, especially the role that the process plays in protecting the planet Earth. The results given in Table 2 are particularly important. Conclusion: The paper discusses the appearance and effect of the Earth's EM field in a way that is understandable at the current level of scientific development. Scientific findings in science and measurements in geo- and astrophysics indicate the Sun as a possible source of the EM field that extends through interplanetary space and the component of the Earth's magnetic field is only a response to the influence of that source. Natural phenomena and processes on the Earth can be defined in system theory by a model that contains changes in the parameters of the state of the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/purpose: The paper describes an alternative theoretical model of the Earth's EM field based on two-component field hypotheses. The paper consists of several parts, one part of which is a model showing the rotation of the magnetically conducting sphere of magnetization M in a foreign magnetic field. The last part defines theoretical models for the calculation of the components of the electromagnetic field of electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres which are exposed to the influence of a foreign electromagnetic field. Methods: In the work, the responses of electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres to the influence of external EM fields were investigated using the analytical method. Results: The obtained solutions in the form of analytical formulas will be applied to research the impact of the Sun's EM field on the planets and especially on the Earth. Conclusion: The resulting formulas of the electric and magnetic field strength and induction and their solutions can be applied to electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres. In comparison to already known formulas, they are simple and have higher accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a view on the outcomes of a theoretical analysis of sociological concepts and interpretations of human potential; there is a view on the balance that the authors impose on the ideas of “human potential” and “human capital”, as well as they provide their own definition of the term “human potential”.

There is regarded the oneiricheskiy aspect of the story by V. Zazubrin «Splinter» as the reflection of the indi- vidual`s changed consciousness, deformed by the totalitarian system of the state machine. Dreams and visions of a man deform his unhealthy state of mind, subordinated not to the people but to the antihuman idea.

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Наука о гармонии в современной теории музыки представляет собой одну из специальных областей знаний, имеющих свои традиции изучения. Значительные изменения в осмыслении гармонии как явления произошли во второй половине XX в., что связано с общими процессами эволюции музыкальной системы и перестройкой музыкального мышления. В 1961 г. на страницах журнала «Советская музыка» широко развернулась дискуссия о современной гармонии, инициированная письмом в редакцию «Развивать науку о гармонии» А. Г. Шнитке, в которой участвовали известные ученые, композиторы, исследователи, педагоги. В 1980-е гг., спустя два десятилетия, музыканты вновь обратились к гармонии, но уже в ином ракурсе - ракурсе методики обучения. По этой проблеме высказывались Т. С. Бершадская, 3. А. Визель, Б. В. Можжевелов. Музыковеды сосредоточили свои усилия на вопросе о том, какими должны быть формы обучения гармонии. Многие из практических формы заданий обрели столь широкое хождение именно благодаря усилиям педагогов, объединивших усилия в усовершенствовании методики обучения гармонии. В статье рассматривается целый ряд вопросов, являющихся актуальными для изучения способов овладения навыками гармонической техники. К ним относится методика трехстрочной гармонизации, игра упражнений на фортепиано в фактуре. Указаны учебные пособия последних десятилетий отечественных авторов, содержащие различные формы практических заданий в музыкальной фактуре.

Рассматриваются этапы становления, современное состояние, методы и аспекты развития фундаментального раздела литологии - учения о способах и закономерностях литификации осад- ков и внутрилитосферных изменений осадочных пород и руд (или учения о постседиментаци- онном литогенезе). Анализируются причины разногласий исследователей по поводу принципов стадиального расчленения литогенеза и терминов (диагенез, катагенез, метагенез-анхиметамор- физм, регрессивный эпигенез). Объясняются несоответствия между существующими стадиаль- ными схемами и реалиями. Вносятся конструктивные предложения по устранению этих проти- воречий и по разработке единой генетической типизации литогенеза. Приводятся новые сведе- ния и обобщенные данные относительно: системного ранжирования множества факторов и про- цессов литогенеза; их дискретности; полигенности породно-флюидных систем и ведущей роли флюидных режимов в осуществлении глобальной фазовой дифференциации веществ осадочных формаций; интеграционного влияния геодинамики на факторы и конечные результаты процес- сов литогенеза. Намечаются задачи по моделированию этих процессов с расчетами баланса перераспределяемых веществ.

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Copyright of Vocational Education is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vocational Education is the property of Az Buki National Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a two-part paper: in the first one, a personal story serves as a conceptual prism through which I address the issue of how a queer analyst can be a problem for analytical psychology; in the second, I present some readings and images-mostly from decolonial feminisms-that have been of interest to me lately in my path to queer Jungian psychology, that is, to de-essentialize and de-individualize its theory and practice. By borrowing (and altering) the title from Gloria Anzaldúa's (1991/2009a) essay "To(o) queer the writer", this paper explores some themes she has elaborated there on solidarity, theorization and ways of writing and reading from othered points of view. In dialogue with Donna Haraway's (2016) Staying with the Trouble and Ursula K. Le Guin's (1989/2000) The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction, together with the imagery of bags, weaving and string figures game, this paper aims to explore the potential of what I have called "woven onto-epistemologies". By imagining and developing this new condition of knowledge, other stories and theories in analytical psychology may have an opportunity to be told., (© 2024 The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

The author has conducted a comparative analysis of the contents of the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation till 2025 and the theoretical concepts, on which such strategy has to be founded. The main concepts of spatial organization of the economy and society are: the concepts of placement of firms and industries, the models of spatial development and growth, the concept of spatial diversity and inequality, principles and forms of regional state policy, institutional dynamics. The article studies the relations of competitiveness between theoretical concepts and their reflection in the economic policy. The lack of adequate system describing the interaction of concept of spatial development is the main reason of conflicting results of theoretical and practical plans both in scientific study and in practical spatial policy. The conclusion is that there is a necessity of developing a balanced state policy, aimed at synchronization of effects from spatial concentration and distribution of effects of concentrated placements of resources, and also setting priorities and limitations on the development of certain territories

The text describes the theoretical foundations of innovation processes in geographical education. The terminological essence is covered with an emphasis on the interrelationships “tradition – innovation”. The concepts of innovation, pedagogical innovation, innovation and pedagogical innovation and their connection with the presentations of geographical content are distinguished. Empirical studies on the use of electronic educational resources, in particular presentations and their multimedia visualization, are presented. The author’s paradigm locks the views on the introduction of innovations in geographical education through the didactic skills of a young teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main point and functions of the interactive methods in the teaching process are presented in this current survey. It is shown how with the help of them are formed different skills - communicative, sociocultural and liguistic in the Bulgarian language teaching. Conducting classes in an interactive format stimulates activity, deepens knowledge and provides an opportunity for a good breakdown of linguistic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We continue publishing the fragments of the book by Georgi Stanishev (Stanishev, G. (2016). Architectural theory in monologues 1985-2015. Sofia: Iztok-Zapad). The interview with Toyo Ito was held by Georgi Stanishev more than twenty years ago, in 1995. With the passage of time, it has become only more obvious that the ideas of the Japanese master are still topical today and will probably be up-to-date even tomorrow. Japan was the first among big countries of Eastern Asia to start searching for the synthesis of East and West. Toyo Ito was born in the beginning of the period of rapid westernization, which could be observed in Japan after the World War II. His world view, his ideas and creative activity are an outstanding example of the cultural exchange between East and West.

Анималистика в искусстве один из самых древних жанров. Его история начинается еще со времен палеолита и достигает своего расцвета лишь в XIX XX веках. Изображения животных всегда были неотъемлемой частью живописи, скульптуры, декоративно-прикладного искусства. Тем не менее исследований на тему анималистического жанра и его развития было сравнительно мало. Вопросы терминологии и границ жанра основополагающие для научного исследования анималистики, определяющие вектор ее дальнейшего рассмотрения, до сих пор не до конца раскрыты в искусствоведении. В данной статье уделяется внимание причинам снижения интереса к анималистике, поднимается проблема актуальности и важности этого направления. Проводится обзор различных жанров в контексте истории искусства. Сравнение различных интерпретаций образов зверей позволяет вывести наиболее точное определение жанра, понять его специфику и обозначить, какие произведения можно относить к анималистике. Данный теоретический очерк можно считать начальным этапом в систематизации особенностей анималистического жанра для дальнейшего его изучения.

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Copyright of Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing is the property of Institute of Sociology NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This commentary raises three issues for further (re)thinking about globalizing capitalism's raggedy edges analyzed in Professor Eric Sheppard's recent paper. It examines the paper's epistemology of 'more-than' core object/category, its theoretical 'workings' of raggedy edges, and its concept of a 'connectivity-based thinking'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Currently, in order to evaluate the organization as a full-fledged market entity, it is necessary to conduct an assessment in terms of its market viability, especially in partnerships. But there is the question of what determines this consistency. As the main categories that most fully assess the realization of the potential (technical, innovation, resource, marketing, etc.) of an organization, the competitiveness of the organization and the reliability of the organization are used. In order to understand the interrelationship and interdependence of these three concepts (consistency, competitiveness and reliability), it is necessary to consider the lexical meaning of each of them to determine the inner nature of these concepts, as well as understand the meanings of each of them in terms of market relations to determine their external nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the definition of the term «the problem of representation of knowledge» isformed, which orients towards creation the technology, allowing to transfer practice of the solution of this problem by the developerof each concrete system, based on knowledge, from realization heuristics to realizationof results of theoretical researches. Also the authors point out the directions of improvement of the basic theory for this technology.

The article deals with the evolution of Western theories of international relations in the postSoviet Russia, it analyzes the world view of Russian international scholars, as well as their reflection on the epistemological foundations of the probable Russian IR school. It states that pluralization of theoretical approaches continues in Russia, while liberalism is gradually givingup to realism on the way to the dominant theory. Constructivism is gaining popularity and postmodernism remains without followers. Russian international studies are structured by a long-standing debate about the identity of Russia. "Westerners" continue to argue with "Slavophiles."Sometimes these arguments translate into a cry for building independent national school of international relations, thereby exacerbating the problem of epistemological relativism. The bases for the school may be found in Russian spiritual philosophy, the Tartu-Moscow school of semiotics, Russian cultural studies, postcolonial tradition of national historical science.

В статье рассматриваются различные варианты теоретических подходов к историческому исследованию на примере анализа внешнеполитического процесса в Японии в годы пребывания у власти Либерально-демократической партии в 1955-1993 гг. (период «системы 1955 года»). Эти подходы классифицируются по степени их генерализуемости – от теоретически ориентированных исследований, претендующих на то, чтобы подтвердить или продемонстрировать действие некоторых универсально свойственных человеческому обществу закономерностей, к работам, в которых выдвигаемая концептуальная схема служит лишь для анализа объекта и не претендует на обязательную применимость в иных географических и хронологических контекстах, и до работ, которые ограничиваются более или менее структурированной «реконструкцией» прошлого путем изложения фактического материала. Данная разница в методологических подходах соответствует различию в эпистемологических позициях, в частности, представлениям о возможности и целесообразности поиска закономерностей, существующих вне зависимости от культурно-исторического контекста. Теоретически ориентированные работы позволяют выдвигать фальсифицируемые гипотезы, и, следовательно, их выводы обладают большей степенью объективности, но эти выводы подвержены риску оказаться поверхностными и тривиальными. Напротив, работы, в которых объяснительная концептуальная схема строится для конкретного случая и не претендует на универсальную применимость, в большей степени зависят от субъективного суждения автора и могут быть оценены как теоретически эклектичные, но при этом позволяют дать более глубокую и более комплексную картину исследуемых феноменов. Делается вывод, что понимание сильных и слабых сторон каждого из этих подходов, а также того, какие цели могут ставиться в их рамках, имеет существенное значение для методологии исторического исследования.

В статье на основе анализа попыток предвидения глобальных политических сдвигов последних лет, делается вывод о несоответствии существующих методов политического анализа и прогнозирования складывающимся в мире реальностям. Изучение последних работ некоторых российских и зарубежных аналитиков утвердило автора в мысли о том, что сугубо рационалистический подход к постижению политической реальности, господствовавший со времен эпохи Возрождения, в значительной степени исчерпал себя. Вслед за российскими авторами В.Г. Барановским и А.Д. Богатуровым, он считает, что этот подход должен быть дополнен учетом элементов иррационального «природно-стихийного начала», которое воздействует на мир, используя элемент случайности. Суть такого подхода должна, по мнению автора, заключаться: 1) в признании нами недостаточности попыток сугубо рационального осмысления природы человека и его поведения в социальных средах; 2) в переносе центра тяжести в изучении наук о человеке с экономических на национально-этнические, культурологические и цивилизационные аспекты; 3) в более широком применении метода исторических аналогий для изучения всего комплекса проблем международных отношений. Линейный характер нашего прогнозирования в таком случае, скорее всего, пострадает. Однако это пойдет на пользу выработке стереоскопичного и комплексного представления о современном мире, которое столь необходимо в условиях роста общей непредсказуемости мировой политики и «неожиданного» для всех обострения таких глобальных проблем, как терроризм, незаконная миграция, сепаратизм и пр. Автор соглашается с мыслями некоторых западных ученых (Б. Як), которые одновременно призывают к необходимости научиться «правильно жить» с отдельными иррациональными проявлениями политической жизни (напр. национализм), путем поиска и акцентирования их «светлых» сторон и нивелирования «темных». Главным же резервом борьбы с проявлениями «темной» стороны иррационального начала в политике он считает более активное подключение к ней образования и культуры. Культура, как иррациональное начало со знаком «плюс» (включая и политическую культуру) должна, по его мнению, лежать в основе более активной и наступательной информационной стратегии России на международной арене. Переход к такой политике, по его мнению, сейчас является необходимым, поскольку «оборончество» в информационной сфере далее недопустимо.

The article presents the foundation of interdisciplinary studies of the phenomenon of “language professional identity”. The author organizes a number of theories and concepts as ontological assumptions. The study is carried out using methodological triangulation.

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The contribution of the well-known Ukrainian economist-geographer, cartographer, organizer and long-time leader of the Department of Economic Geography of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv O. Vashchenko on the theory, methodology and method of social geography, the main directions of the development of scientific ideas by the students and followers of the professor are determined. Prof. O. Vashchenko was one of the first in Ukrainian science to consider the subject and structure of economic geography. O. Vashchenko is the first Ukrainian author who carried out the classification of economic-geographical science with the allocation of four classes of scientific disciplines: comprehensive synthetic, branch analytical, scientific and methodological, general education disciplines. The dominant features of the geographic worldview as a theory of cognition and social practice of geospatial development for prof. O. Vashchenko were specificity, geospatial differentiation and delimitation, systemicity and complexity, the use of the cartographic method of research. Interpretation of prof. O. Vashchenko subject of economic geography as the placement of productive forces predetermined the use of his cartographic method of research, and the system methodology - the appropriateness of atlas mapping. Prof. O. Vashchenko is a worthy follower of the Galician cartographic tradition (S. Rudnyts'kyi, V. Kubiyovych), the founder of the Ukrainian Atlas Mapping in the postwar period (doctoral thesis "Atlas of the development of the economy of the western part of the Ukrainian SSR (from ancient times to the 70's of the twentieth century"), 1971). For the scientific worldview prof. O. Vaschenko is characterized by an organic combination of geography and historicism. Dominant signs of historicism of scientific views prof. O. Vaschenko: scientific and pedagogical activity in the field of geography history, geographic biography, periodization of the economy of the Western region of Ukraine (from ancient times to the 70's of the twentieth century), periodization of the formation and development of economic geography in Ukraine (1917-1977), the periodization of the research work of the Department of Economic Geography of Lviv University (1945-1965), as well as the transition from the analysis of time dynamics to the analysis of the functioning of economic objects and their combinations. A general conclusion is drawn about the logical triad of scientific worldview prof. O. Vashchenko, formed by geography, historicism, economism, which are connected with cybernetic connections. Supplemented by ecological and humanitarian approaches, it determines the current progress of geographic science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science & Sport is the property of Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the basic concepts of penal policy, the subject and the object of criminal-legal policy, a guiding principle, as well as the content of penal policy.

The object of research of the article is the German studies of the late 1960s-1980s regarding the anarchic theories of Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin. The purposes of this article are to determine the causes of surge of interest in this subject among the specialists from West Germany, to show general trends of German studies and to define schools of West German historiography of Russian theoretical anarchism. The author of the article concludes that the most of German specialists are the authors of liberal type. Only few conservative researchers created a negative image of anarchism and identified it with violent acts and crime. Most of West German authors appreciated positively theories of Russian anarchism and paid special attention to the searching of humanistic and anti-totalitarian ideas in the works of anarchists. Besides they held the view point that the anarchistic ideas help society to organize itself and to oppose the bureaucracy.

In article such not theoretical forms of ordering of ideas, as concepts (a floor of the theory), doctrines (quasi theories) and doctrines (pseudo theories) are entered into consideration. The logic of citing with the well-determined syntax and semantics is under construction. Comparison of the constructed logic with other logical systems is carried out. Such operations, as definition (concepts and objects), classification are briefly analysed. Comparison theoretical and not theoretical forms of ordering of ideas is spent.

Copyright of Problems of Economy is the property of Research Centre for Industrial Developmen Problems of Nas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science & Sport is the property of Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes the theoretical basis of the spatial peculiarities study of the new entrepreneurship development on the basis of the modern theories of economic thought, taking into account the role of knowledge in the economic development of economic systems of all levels. The practice of entrepreneurship development processes modelling based on knowledge from the position of regional development is generalized, and the main tasks of entrepreneurship development processes’ evaluation taking into account knowledge and creative abilities in the regional dimension are identified. The approach to modelling the entrepreneurship development of regions based on multifactorial modelling methods is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]