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Infections occupy one of the central places among the complications of transplants. The frequency of fatal infectious complications during the first twelve months after transplantation ranges from 2.6 to 51.7%. Identifying markers of opportunistic infections before transplantation will help reduce the likelihood of developing these infections after induced immunosuppression. The aim of the study was to study the role of herpesviruses and pneumocysts in the occurrence of infectious complications in children before and after liver transplantation based on the detection of markers of a number of herpesvirus infections and pneumocystosis. The article presents the results of a comprehensive examination for markers of herpesvirus infections and pneumocystosis of 70 children who were treated at the Shumakov Transplantation Research Center. It should be noted that 55 patients (78.6%) were diagnosed with infectious complications, of which 46 people (65.7%) had pneumonia. To detect IgM and IgG antibodies to herpesviruses and pneumocysts, peripheral blood serum samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Detection of common HBV antigens was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (NRIF). Early antigens and reproduction of herpesviruses were detected by rapid culture method (BCM) on Vero and M-19 cell cultures for CMVI. In the event of infectious complications (pneumonia) in children who underwent related liver transplantation, the number of patients with active EBI markers increased almost 7 times and active HCV-6 markers increased 3.5 times. The paper shows the need for a broader laboratory screening of opportunistic infections, which will serve to achieve better clinical results, contribute to the formation of more advanced diagnostic algorithms, as well as improve epidemiological surveillance of these infections.

The most important berry fruits produced in Serbia are raspberries, blackberries, strawberries and blueberries, while currants and others are of less importance. Berry fruits are propagated in a vegetative manner and are prone to attack by numerous fungi, bacteria and viruses. Diseases caused by viruses are the most difficult to control. Viruses may cause great crop losses in sensitive cultivars, resulting in low yields and poor fruit quality. In single infections, numerous viruses cause latent infections and no damages, but in mixed infections can lead to significant disease severity. Extensive research of viruses infecting berry fruits in Serbia has started during 2000s in the Fruit Research Institute in Čačak. The development of molecular techniques and their application for detection and characterization of pathogens have led to the identifications of many new viruses in the country. Raspberry leaf blotch virus, black raspberry necrosis virus, Rubus yellow net virus, raspberry vein chlorosis virus, raspberry mottle virus and raspberry latent virus were identified in raspberry orchards. In blueberries, blueberry red ringspot virus, blueberry mosaicassociated virus and blueberry latent virus were reported in the last decade. No new viruses in blackberries have been found, and the research of the strawberry viruses is still negligible. In this paper, the detailed synthesis of the results obtained on berry fruit viral diseases in Serbia achieved over the past two decades is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Субъект представляется в данной статье в виде подвижной схемы, которая по-разному существует и ведёт себя в различных парадигмах: традиционной, гуманистической, современной. Моделирование субъекта выстраивается через понятие мифа, исследование формы которого, даёт знание об определенных техниках субъективности. Задача исследования - показать как существует и функционирует схема субъективности в ситуации медиареальности. Главный тезис статьи — субъект в медиареальности может существовать только как ошибка в системе, сбой в матрице. Автор даёт имя такому субъекту, представляющему из себя место сборки субъективности — субъект ошибки, являющейся разорванным субъектом-сообществом. Субъект ошибки представляется местом, телом, где производятся глобальные события медиареальности. Такая модель субъекта выстраивается с учётом особенностей медиареальности: амбивалентности, нестабильности и технической опосредованности. Медиареальность, таким образом, является новой естественной средой для субъекта ошибки, который выполняет мессианскую роль по производству и изменению этой среды и самого себя. Концепция субъекта ошибки, предложенная автором, решает проблему расщепленного субъекта, который уже всегда находятся в двойном статусе субъекта и объекта, но продолжает действовать в медиареальности.

Various points of view on definition of the harmful program in criminal law are presented in the present article. Classification is given and features of different types of harmful programs and programs which can be used as harmful are revealed. Author’s definition of the harmful computer program is given.

Based on the point of view that popular culture performs metaphorical narration of the contemporary society, this paper analyses the ways in which elements of zombie film narratives are used as a representation of infectious diseases, that is, representation of the social and institutional discourses associated with the occurrence, spreading and stopping of epidemics. The narratives of zombie films feature social anxieties regarding infectious agents through the discourse of epidemiological apocalypse, due to occurrence of an incurable virus, whose development results in the potential ending of the civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic that began last year inevitably prompted scientists to look back at the last major Spanish flu pandemic that occurred a century ago, sweeping across the globe and contributing to massive human losses from which some nations had to recover. Much like today, the threat of the Spanish flu was initially underestimated, most likely due to the hostilities happening as a result of WWI. The War ended, but the virus evolved from an epidemic to a major, unprecedented pandemic. Authorities reacted slowly to the spread of the flu, and the health system was completely unprepared to deal with the new and unknown danger. At first, even doctors, virologists, and epidemiologists could not come to terms with the type of virus they were dealing with. However, as the pandemic spread, the world adapted to the new conditions. States and local authorities introduced a series of restrictive measures to prevent the spread of the virus, hygiene measures were tightened, and there were orders for the mandatory wearing of masks, as well as the closure of shops, and cultural and educational institutions. There are many points that are similar from the time of the Spanish flu pandemic to today's conditions related to Covid-19. Just as it had unexpectedly appeared in 1918, the Spanish flu disappeared in 1920. It took scientists more than a decade after the end of the pandemic to discover the cause of the outbreak, but even today there are still many unknowns related to the Spanish flu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the history and analyzes onset of ASF manifestations in the EU countries in 2014. The timeline and locations of outbreak occurrence were studied. During 2014 the situation was exponentially aggravating. The disease was reported in wild boars and pigs as well as on commercial pig farms and large pig establishments. The main causes of the disease spread were large uncontrolled wild boar populations and a great number of small farms with a low biosecurity level.

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analysis of the epidemic process of manifestation and clinical features of measles in the last 200 years has been made and made clear the features of the formation of the genetic determinants of rubella virus at low and high temperatures of cultivation. Moreover epidemic dynamics of the process and the severity of the clinical course of measles in the pre—vaccine and vaccination periods in the middle latitudes of the globe, and in areas with extremely high and low temperatures was established.

The main aspects of epidemiology and epizootology of omsk haemorrhagic fever (OHF) were analysed. Described: the discovery of virus OHF (1947), the first outbreak of new diseases in districts of Omsk region; comprehensive work for decryption the etiology of OHF of specialists from Omsk and Moscow institutes. In the long-term dynamics of activity of natural foci of OHF stand out 4 periods, what different intensity of epidemic and epizootic processes. The main reservoir of the virus OHF in natural foci and the source of human infection is muskrat. In maintaining populations of the virus is of some significance change of hosts (metaxenosis). Established independent position of the virus OHF in group Flaviviruses of mammals, transmitted by ticks. There are two genovariants of virus OHF.

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Likarska Sprava is the property of J. Likarska Sprava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)