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Background: Enzootic pneumonia is an important disease complex associated with insufficient colostrum intake after birth, adverse environmental conditions, and stress. Vitamin D deficiency may be an important predisposing factor for this disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate in calves with enzootic pneumonia. Methods: A total of 30 calves, aged 3–5 months, under the same care and feeding conditions were used. Groups were formed according to Clinical Respiratory Scoring as the group with mild/moderate enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), the group with severe enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), and the healthy control group (n = 10) without any disease. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of animals in all groups on Day 0; a complete blood count was performed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Results: Although no statistical differences were observed in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between groups, statistically significant differences in blood neutrophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts were found between the groups. Monocyte counts were statistically decreased in the mild/moderate group compared with the control group. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. Erythrocyte counts were increased in the mild/moderate and severe groups compared with the control group. Vitamin D concentrations were statistically lower in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. However, no statistical differences in Vitamin D concentrations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe groups. There was a negative and significant correlation between erythrocyte counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.64, P <.0001). While erythrocyte counts increased in the severe group compared with the mild/moderate group, vitamin D concentrations decreased. Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between platelet counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.74, P <.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study determined that serum vitamin D concentrations in calves with pneumonia were lower than those in healthy calves. Detailed studies on the etiologic and prognostic importance of low vitamin D levels in calves with enzootic pneumonia may provide valuable data for prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan that causes neonatal calf diarrhea common in the world. Buparvaquone, which is known to have very positive effects on oocysts, which are the main reserve in the spread of infection, has not yet been investigated for its hemato-biochemical aspect in calves with cryptosporidiosis. In the present study, the effect of buparvaquone on renal and hepatic functions in naturally infected newborn calves with cryptosporidiosis was investigated. A group was formed for this study using only a total of ten calves (n=10) naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis. Buparvaquone 2.5 mg/kg intramuscular injection was administered as a single dose to all calves in the group. Laboratory analyses and statistical calculations of blood and serum samples taken on the specified days were made. According to the results we obtained in the study, it was observed that the renal and hepatic effects of the drug after a single dose injection of buparvaquone to calves with neonatal cryptosporidiosis remained within normal limits, similar to the methods safely applied in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood glucose level is one of the most commonly used parameters in assessing the energy metabolism in dairy cows. The presented study aimed to compare the glucose concentrations in blood samples taken from the coccygeal vein, jugular vein, and mammary vein from the same animals at the same time. Healthy Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=25) in their second and third lactation were selected for the study. The blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein, jugular vein, and V. subcutanea abdominis (mammary vein) at the same time from each animal. To analyze blood glucose, Free Style Optium Blood Glucose Test Strip (Abbott, Istanbul, TURKIYE) was used. In comparison to the blood taken from both the jugular vein and coccygeal vein, glucose levels in blood samples taken from the mammary vein were significantly low (P<0.001). As a result, the determination of glucose levels in blood samples taken from the mammary veins may cause erroneous interpretations. Therefore, the mammary vein for blood glucose must not be used as a sampling site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the differences between the healthy Holsteın-Friesian, Jersey, Simmental, and Aberdeen Angus breeds Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels at the first three weeks after calving. The blood samples were collected for analysis between 10-20 days postpartum. In this study, 80 animals were used in different regions in total. BHBA was analyzed by Ketosite®(Ketosite®, Stanbio Labrotory Inc., Boerne, TX USA). Milk fat and protein levels were immediately measured by an electronic milk analyzer (Milkoscan FT1 FOSS Industries, Denmark). Statistical analyses of the study were performed using Sigma Plot 12 (Systat Software Inc., San Lose, CA). The means of BHBA levels were compared by One Way Anova. As in Holstein cows, blood BHBA levels increased in the early lactation period and also in other breeds. The results of this study presented that serum BHBA levels were significantly higher in Holsteın-Friestein cows than in Simmental and Aberdeen Angus cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Increasing energy demands of high-yielding dairy cow in postpartum period results almost always with negative energy balance (NEB). According to the degree of NEB, dairy cows could suffer from clinical or subclinical ketosis. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the incidence and difference between incidences of clinical and subclinical ketosis in three regions with highest cattle population in Turkey; Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions. Cattle (n= 980) from three regions (2 farms from each region) were selected for the study. Milk yields, management and feeding factors of all farms were similar. Blood samples were collected on days 14-21 and sixth week after calving. Blood beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose levels were measured. Cows with serum BHBA > 1.2 mmol/l and negative urine ketone test were designated as suffering subclinical ketosis (SCK). Cows with serum BHBA > 1.2 mmol/l, positive urine test and clinical findings such as anorexia, fatigue, depression, constipation and decrease in contractions of rumen were designated as suffering clinical ketosis (CK). Animals without any clinical finding and serum BHBA levels lower than 1.2 mmol/l at the time of sampling were designated as healthy. In Mediterranian region, 12 (3,8%) and 46 (14,8%) of 315; in Aegean region, 24 (7,3%) and 54 (16,6%) of 325, and in Maramara region, 33 (9,7%) and 76 (22,3%) of 340 cows were suffered from CK and SCK respectively in postpartum period. Blood glucose levels of CK cows was lower than SCK cows and blood glucose levels of both types of ketosis were lower than healthy animals in animals from all three regions. The results of the presented study indicate that incidence of CK and SCK is much higher than average incidence rates in other surveys. Especially incidence higher than 20% in Marmara region demonstrates that there are crucial errors in management and feeding in that region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds. Tannins are chemically divided into two main groups as hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are used in ruminants in order to prevent ruminal tympani and the formation of high methane gas. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the effects of tannin on of negative energy balance metabolism in dairy cattle. Animals, after the physical examination, were divided into 2 groups as study (test group n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Herbal extract (Quebracho Colorado) of tannin (Unitan Saica Inc., Argentina) which is appropriate for animal use, was applied 90 gr per animal daily for 6 weeks (each 3 weeks in pre and postpartum period) to animals in study group. While no any tannin or other additive was given to the animals in control group. Faeces, blood and milk (only after parturition on days 7, 14 and 21) samples were collected from both group on 21st day before parturition, during parturition and 7th, 14th, and 21st day from parturition. Beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, BUN, GGT, cholesterol and triglycerides from blood samples and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels from milk samples were evaluated. Difference between the groups for BUN, MUN, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, albumin, total protein and GGT was not detected. However, a decline was detected for BHB levels during parturition, 7th, 14th (not statistically significant) and 21st (statistically significant) days after parturition in the study group compared to the control group. As a result; in animals, as detected lower BHB levels in animals applied tannin in study group compared to the control group, tannin can be used for the protection against negative energy balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Uludag Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neosporosis is an infectious disease which is caused by a protozoan called Neospora caninum and characterized by endemic and epidemic abortions in adult cattle and congenital encephalomyelitis in calves. Our case was a female calf from the Holstein breed which was born in a farm with abortion and infertility problems and was unable to stand up after birth.. It was stated that it was the third pregnancy of the mother cow and that the previous pregnancy was aborted in the fifth month. In clinical examination, sucking reflex of the calf was present and there was spastic paralysis starting from pelvic muscle in rear limbs. Blood (EDTA and spare tube) sample was taken from the cow and from the calf before sucking first colostrum and cerebrospinal fluid was collected from the calf.. Based on the clinical and serological findings, a diagnosis of congenital neosporosis was made. As a result, neosporosis must be considered in the clinical diagnosis of calves with neurological symptoms during the neonatal period.