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Humanity has been exposed to various troubles and calamities throughout history. The most recent example of this is the COVID-19 epidemic that emerged in China in December 2019. In the face of this epidemic, which caused humanity to fear and panic with its deadly character, people faced the objective reality of death. Millions of people who were caught in the epidemic, lost their relatives due to the epidemic, and became unemployed were exposed to psychological traumas such as helplessness, anxiety and fear. Undoubtedly, this period of depression is not unique to our day. It is known that humanity has been exposed to various epidemic diseases throughout history. In the Qurʾān, attention is drawn to this situation, and it is stated that in every period of history, people have been tried with various calamities. Sunni scholars have also made explanations about how people should interpret calamities based on these data of the Qurʾān. In this context, the Ash’arites did not consider it necessary to have a certain wisdom or purpose in calamities in order not to limit or deficiencies in Allah’s absolute will and power, and they accepted everything that exists in the world, whether good or bad, as good because Allah preferred and created it. Maturidis, on the other hand, took a more balanced way than the Ash’aris and considered it necessary to find wisdom and purpose in divine actions. In this article, the views of Sunni scholars on the subject will be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies is the property of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, the official understanding of religion has been shaped within the framework of Sunnī Islam. This understanding was represented by Māturīdiyya and Ash'ariyya. The Shī'ī propaganda carried out in the XV-XVI centuries played an important role in the adoption of the Sunnī thinking in the Ottoman Empire as an official understanding of religion. These centuries are during the time when the Ottoman official religious ideology has undergone great change and a number of oppositional religious movements have emerged against this ideology. At the beginning of this kind of opposition movement against the Sunnī idea is the Safavids who carried out Shī'ism propaganda and Kızılbaşlık movement in Anatolia. In the face of these tendencies, which are seen as a threat to the structure of the state and the society and belief, the Ottoman Sultans tended to centralize both the political and religious structures of the state. For this purpose they have struggled at the political and scientific level against the Ahl al-Sunna movements. With this article, we will try to determine the main causes of the Sunnī Muslims' adoption of Sunnī thought and the factors affecting their transformation into formal ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Imam Māturīdī (d. 333/944), was born in in Transoxania where hosted to various religions, beliefs and cultures, and lived in a period in which many religious, philosophical and political views emerged and Islam was attacked by destructive thoughts coming from inside and outside. Acting with a sense of responsibility towards the beliefs and values of the community he lived, Māturīdī fought a great struggle by defending the principles of Islamic belief against this devastating intellectual assault. In this struggle, he highlighted the monotheist perception in religion and criticized the religions which had contradicted with this perception. Judaism was one of these religions that Māturīdī criticized. According to him, the first religion of humanity is the religion of monotheism. In this sense, all the prophets, including Prophet Muhammad, spread the same religion; they called on people to merely believe Allah and make worship unique to Him. However, some communities distorted the belief of monotheism for various reasons. Among these communities are Jews. In this respect, Judaism, while inherently a divine religion, was distorted over time and moved away from this essence. In this respect, by criticizing Jewish theology in various contexts, Māturīdī focused specifically on the prophetic beliefs of the Jews. Acting on the principle that all the prophets have the same religion, he regarded that the prophetic belief of the Jews ended up with a deviation from the belief of monotheism. In this article, it is aimed to determine the criticisms of Māturīdī towards Jewish theology in the context of prophetic beliefs by taking theoretical background above into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The names and attributes of Allah is one of the major topics studied in theology. Because of the importance of this issue, the scholars defined the science of Kalam as "'Ilm al-tawhid wa al-sifat". This study focuses on determining the point of view of Abu Al-Barakat An-Nasafî about the divine names and attributes of Allah due to the fact that he is one of the distinguished figures in Maturidiyyah tradition. There is no possibility to evaluate the aforementioned issue in detail within a paper. Therefore, this study tries to stress contradictive and conflictual matters about the issue. Besides, in order to see Nasafî's position among understandings of Islamic sects, their perspectives on the divine names and attributes will be featured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Quran adopts a positive attitude towards Non-Muslims, due to they can choose the religion that wish to follow and live it freely. On the other hand, Muslims were commanded to fight with Non-Muslims, especially the Arabian polytheists because of making humanity restless and peaceless. In tafseer literature, there has been a controversy on how to be associated the 'kital' and 'seyf' verses with the freedom of faith that Islam suggests to people. By citing the severses, many assertions have been made claiming that Islam was spread by the force of swordand it has no freedom of faith. This article focuses on the interpretations of Maturidi on 'kital' and 'seyf' verses, and also against the claim that Islam was spread by the force of sword. Maturidi draw a detailed framework in his book Te'vîlât and tried to refute this claim with rational evidences and Islamic citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of necessity for understanding and evaluating the revealed attributes of Allah is one of the most discussed issues beginning from the early times of Islam due to their literal meanings enable the idea tashbih (affirming Allah's nearness to humanity) and tajseem (anthropomorphism). In this context, there are three different ways to understand them throughout the history of Islamic thought: 1. The Mushabbiha and the Mujassema adopted the way of tashbih and tajseem. 2. Jahmiyya and Mu'tazila defended the way of nafy/ta'teel (negation of affirmative attributes). 3. Ahl Al-Sunnah followed the method of tafwid (relegation of matters to Allah), ithbaat (affirmation) and ta'weel (allegorical interpretation). This study aims at bringing to light on the point of view of Abu Al-Barakat An-Nasafî about the revealed attributes. In order to understand his method better, opinions of the schools such as Salafiyyah, Mu'tazila, As'hariyyah and Maturidiyyah are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of faith and its nature has been one of the most hotly debated issues by the Islamic sects from the early times. The main framework of this discussion constitutes what the distinction should be between faith and unbelief and how to define the boundaries of muslim, unbeliever and siner. Various issues around Islam, faith, ingenuity, profess and action concepts, the condition of the great sinner, faith - act relationship, increase and decrease of faith and the relationship faith -Islam have been discussed. This article, after giving general information about the debate over faith, discusses Mu'tazilah's related views and evidences about the issue. In addition, after the Ahl al- Sunnah the criticism against Mu'tazilites has been mentioned, general assessment of the works of the debate around the concept of faith will be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It goes without saying that true understanding and interpretation of the Holy Qur'an is at the bottom of understandable and reasonable Islamic thought and acts. Prophet Muhammad, and his companions have undoubtedly been the first commentators and interpreters of the Holy Book (Qur'an). Next generations had written several books for the proper understanding of the Qur'an and Islam. One of them is Çantay, a leading scholar in the Republican Era of Modern Turkey. Çantay, acting responsibly in the beliefs and values of the society, has written a number of scientific works on many religious topics. However, he is best known for his translation of the Holy Qur'an entitled ‘Kur'an-ı Hâkim ve Meâl-i Kerîm'. The aim of this study is to determine the author's main ideas about the issues related to belief ord doctrinal system especially the three fundamental principles of Islam (usûl-i selâse): divinity (ilâhiyyât), prophecy (nubuvvât), and afterlife (sem'iyyât) in the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debates among Muslims and non-muslims (primarily Jews and Christians and others, as well) were hot in the history as they are now. The focal point in these hot debates was whether being member of any of these heavenly religions would provide them salvation/emancipation from the fire. Muslim scholars took the position of non-muslims as their research topic. My paper deals with the topic from Mâtürîdî perspective under such titles as whom to name as ahl al-kitâb, whether they are equal and their position when compared with Islam and their final fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]