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Purpose: The aims were to translate the Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire (EDAQ) into Turkish, then test validity and reliability in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Turkey. Material and Methods: Phase 1: The EDAQ was forward and backward translated, culturally adapted following cognitive debriefing interviews with participants with RA (n = 10) and finalized by an expert committee. Phase 2: Participants (n = 215) completed a questionnaire including the EDAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Short-Form 36 v1 (SF-36v1). Two weeks later, the EDAQ was again completed for test–retest reliability (n = 82:38%). Internal construct validity was assessed using Rasch analysis. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability were assessed. Results: Following cultural adaptation, one item was removed, and examples increased or changed. Cronbach's α values were 0.71 − 0.93 for all EDAQ domains, that is, acceptable to good. The EDAQ met Rasch model requirements for fit (excellent construct validity: p > 0.05). Concurrent validity was moderate to strong for most EDAQ domains with HAQ (rs 0.49–0.81) and SF-36-v1 Physical Function (rs 0.42–0.70). There was excellent test–retest reliability for all domains (ICC (2,1): 0.95–1.00). Conclusion: The Turkish EDAQ is a valid, reliable measure of daily activity ability for use in practice and research with Turkish speakers with RA. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire provides a comprehensive evaluation of daily activity ability for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The Turkish Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire is a valid, reliable patient-reported outcome measure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who considered it easy to complete. The Turkish Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire is suitable for use in clinical practice and research to evaluate daily activity ability in people with rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Physical inactivity and reduced physical fitness are associated with one or more components of MetS. However, MetS has many components, and the unclear relationship between the components and physical fitness parameters can provide a plain and straightforward understanding of the clustering method. Aim: To identify the relationship between physical fitness parameters, physical activity levels, and components of MetS using hierarchical cluster analysis. Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients (mean age = 51.4 ± 7.1/years, F:90, M:31) who were diagnosed as having MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, (SBP and DBP), were evaluated. Body composition (waist and hip circumference, (WC and HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and visceral fat), upper and lower extremity muscle strength (dynamometer), and functional exercise capacity [6-minute walk test (6MWT)] were assessed as physical fitness parameters. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pedometer and number of steps (NS) was determined. Results: Of the patients, 45.5% were diagnosed as having MetS based on four components. The dendrogram consisted of two main clusters and four subclusters. The main cluster I composed of BMI, HC, WC, visceral fat, HDL-C, percent fat, SBP, DBP, and percent quadriceps. The main cluster II comprised FPG, TG, WHR, handgrip strength, 6MWT, and NS. Conclusion: MetS components clustered with different physical fitness parameters. The clusters in the dendrogram can provide substantial implications for heterogeneous MetS components and physical fitness parameters. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effectiveness of dendrogram-derived exercise programs in MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to review available evidence about the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and burnout among nurses. Background: Nurses are key healthcare providers, who experience higher levels of burnout due to uncertainty and role conflicts about nursing roles and responsibilities and poor management. Nurse empowerment is an effective approach to reduce nurse burnout and enhance patient care quality. Introduction: Positive working conditions along with positive attitudes and perceptions for nurses are crucial in the workplace. Nurse empowerment in the workplace results in quality improvements in work life and the provision of healthcare. Method: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA guideline. Relevant studies published between 2007 and 2022 were identified via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE (R), Science Direct and Turkish scientific literature databases. Studies that reported correlation coefficients were pooled to conduct a meta‐analysis. Results: Random‐effects meta‐analyses showed a negative association between structural and psychological empowerment and emotional exhaustion. The overall findings showed a moderate and negative association between the six dimensions of structural empowerment and depersonalization. There was a positive association between structural empowerment and personal accomplishment. Discussion: There is a relationship between decreased burnout levels and nurse empowerment. The causal relationship between empowerment and burnout levels needs to be investigated in various healthcare settings in several countries. Conclusion: The relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and burnout levels emphasizes that empowerment can reduce nurse burnout. Nurse empowerment is a critical management strategy for improving the quality of life for nurses, increasing the quality and effectiveness of patient care and achieving positive outcomes. Implications for nursing and health policy: The encouragement and empowerment of nurses for prompt decision‐making and effective resource utilization, reduces nurse burnout, enhancing nurses' job commitment, productivity, satisfaction and competence along with increased quality of care. The encouragement of nurses as empowered managers at the macro, meso and institutional levels not only improves the overall quality of health services but also helps to find solutions for the issues concerning healthcare service users and the health system environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nocturnal calf cramps (NCC) are painful contractions of the lower limbs at night, most commonly in the calf muscles. Many trials demonstrated that dry needling (DN) effectively treats various musculoskeletal conditions. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of DN in treating NCC. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients were randomized into two groups. The first group received stretching exercises, and the second group received stretching exercises and DN to trigger points in the gastrocnemius muscle. The cramp duration (CD), the number of cramps (NOC), cramp intensity (CI), algometric measurements of pressure pain threshold (PPT), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) values were recorded before, after, and three months after treatment. Results: There was no difference between the groups regarding the parameters investigated before intervention. Investigated before intervention. Both groups had a significant decrease in NOC, CI, and PSQI scores and an increase in PPT values after treatment and the third month (p<0.001). At post-treatment measures, between the groups, there was a significant decrease in CI (p<0.001) and PSQI (p=0.002), and increase in PPT (p=0.001) in the DN group, and no difference in NOC (p=0.545) and CD (p=0.140). At the 3-month follow-up, between the groups, there was a significant decrease in NOC (p=0.016), CI (p<0.001), and increase in PPT (p=0.003) in the DN group and no difference in PSQI (p=0.229) and CD (p=0.175). Conclusion: DN in the treatment of NCC in the short and medium term is an effective method of reducing pain, decreasing the duration and intensity of cramps, and improving sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effects of concomitant laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and hiatal hernia repair (HHR) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and identify other factors that influence the success of the surgery in a patient with obesity. Materials and Methods: A prospective study design was used to evaluate GERD symptoms in patients undergoing concomitant LSG+HHR, using the GERD symptom score (SS) questionnaire before and after the surgery. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to identify factors contributing to symptom improvement. Results: A total of 112 patients underwent the surgery, with 94 (75.3%) of them being female. The mean age was 37.41±10.44, and the body mass index (BMI) was 44.37±6.788. Eleven (9.8%) patients underwent concomitant cholecystectomy. Esophagitis was present in 22 (19.64%) patients before the surgery. The mean pre-operative GERD SS was 12 (4-18), which significantly decreased to a mean post-operative GERD SS of 0 (0-18) (p<0.001). Logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to evaluate other factors influencing the improvement of GERD symptoms. The variables identified were as follows: 6th-month weight (odds: 4.010; p<0.001), 6th-month BMI (odds: 3.644; p<0.001), 6th month excess weight (EW) (odds: 2.743; p<0.01), 6th month EW loss% (odds: 2.699; p<0.001), and 6th month total weight loss % (odds: 2.361; p=0.003). Conclusion: Concomitant LSG+HHR appears to be an effective treatment method for improving GERD symptoms. Post-operative weight loss of the patient was found to be another effective factor in the improvement of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nomophobia (NoMP) is the fear of being unable to interact with others via mobile phones and is a current topic in adolescents' mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between NoMP in adolescents and their mothers' level of NoMP. Methods. The levels of depression, anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, NoMP, and perceived parental emotional availability were examined. Results. One hundred fifty-five adolescents (60% girls) were included in the study with their mothers. Ninetythree (60%) adolescents (67.7% girls) and 64 (41.3%) mothers were classified as nomophobic. There was a positive correlation between the NoMP levels of adolescents and their mothers. Nomophobic girls perceived less paternal support. All psychopathologic symptoms were higher in the nomophobic mothers. There was no difference between nomophobic and non-nomophobic adolescents in terms of maternal psychopathologies. Conclusions. We suggest that parental effects should be investigated during the assessment of NoMP, especially in adolescent girls. The phone usage habits of mothers and their relationship with their adolescent children were closely associated with adolescent NoMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was repeated for two years to reduce the effects of water scarcity and drought stress in lettuce cultivation. The irrigation problem was created by applying 25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75) and 100% (I100) of the evaporation amounts formed in the class-A evaporation vessel. Si0 (0 kg ha-1), Si40 (40 kg ha-1), Si80 (80 kg ha-1) and Si120 (120 kg ha-1) silicon fertilisation was applied at four different doses. Head length, head diameter, head weight, root length, and leaf fresh and dry weight were measured in harvested plants. According to the data of 2020-2021, the best results in the effect of different doses of Si applications on plant head height, head diameter, head weight and root length at different irrigation levels were recorded from I75 x Si80, I75 x Si120, I100 x Si80, I100 x Si120 applications with the same severity level. While the Si40 dose gave good results at I75 and I100 irrigation levels, its effect decreased at I25 and I50 irrigation levels. At different irrigation levels where different doses of silicon were applied, I25 irrigation had the lowest leaf chlorophyll and relative moisture content and the most severe membrane damage, while I50 irrigation had a moderate effect. Leaf chlorophyll and moisture content increased, and membrane damage decreased in I75 x 80 kg ha-1 Si, I75 x 120 kg ha-1 Si, I100 x 80 kg ha-1 Si and I100 x 120 kg ha-1 Si applications. As a result, when the effects of the applications covering two years on plant growth and yield were evaluated, the most successful irrigation levels were determined as I75, I100, and the most successful silicon doses; were determined as 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Artificial intelligence‐based analysis of medical images has recently become a trendy field of study. The most significant effect on these systems to produce reliable and high‐performance results is the amount of accessed data. Although whole‐slide images (WSI), one of the current imaging techniques used in histopathology, storage costs are very expensive. Therefore, low‐dimensional visuals representing of WSIs is an essential field of study. Methods: In this study, deep auto‐encoder‐based models are designed to create low dimensional representations for WSI. The size reduction was performed for the input images in different sizes, at the ratios of 1: 3, 1: 6, and 1: 12, respectively. Results: Similarity index measure values were obtained as high as 0.957 and 0.938, respectively, using 128 × 128 × 3 dimensional patches in the size reduction process of 1: 3 and 1:12 on test WSI. Conclusion: The proposed model has a structure that can be applied in compression of WSIs and secure data transfer. By using these representations, both storage costs and the high‐level hardware costs required by deep learning algorithms can be significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, development and alteration trends of ornamental plants sector in Turkey and the rest of the world were analysed. The competitive and structural analysis of outdoor ornamental plants sector in Konya province, Turkey, was carried out in accordance with the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analytical technique and Diamond Model of Porter. Main data of the study have been obtained by a survey method from 16 managers of enterprises. According to the results, the ornamental plants sector in Turkey developed vigorously, especially after 1980s, in parallel with other parts of the world. The cultivated area of ornamental plants in Turkey, which was 1513.2 ha in 2000, tripled to 4786.0 ha in 2011. Outdoor ornamental plants sector in Konya province has developed in parallel with that in the whole country and the number of enterprises producing has increased by 50% in the last decade. Competition level of outdoor ornamental plants sector is low in Konya. As a strategy to increase it, the aggregation of production in larger companies and diversification of the spectrum of plants more adapted to the natural conditions are discussed.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a type of vegetable that can be produced in almost every region of Turkey and is consumed throughout the year. Product yield and quality decrease in soils with poor organic matter content. Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Liquid vermicompost, which support plant growth, were used in the study carried out to increase crop yield and improve soil. In the study; plant head length, head diameter, root collar diameter, leaf fresh and dry weight, root length, leaf number, head weight, water-soluble dry matter content and plant nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) was measured. As a result of different PGPR strains and vermicompost applications, when single PGPR applications and PGPR and vermicompost combination applications are compared; It has been observed that PGPR+VC applications are more effective in increasing the yield, development and nutrient content of lettuce plant. Among the applications in the study, the combination of YÖ41+VC (bacteria+vermicompost) came to the fore. As a result; the PGPR+VC combination used in the study made a significant contribution to the yield components with its effect on the head weight, number of leaves, stem length and diameter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe contents of the lettuce plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Neuroscience / Ideggyógyászati Szemle is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Coronavirus pandemic showed that the number of nurses and the management of personal protective equipment (PPE) posed challenges in meeting the increased demand worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the experiences and views of the nurses on the management of the nurse workforce and materials/equipment in providing nursing care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: Qualitative design was used in this study. A phenomenological approach was followed to collect data by administering focus group interviews in February 2021. The views of 37 nurses working in hospitals in seven geographic regions of Türkiye were obtained. Interview data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The views and experiences of the participants were grouped under five themes, summarizing seven subthemes and 22 open codes. The results of the study indicated that "not having/accessing PPE to protect nurses and patients from infection contamination" and "working with protective equipment for long hours" were the most frequently witnessed problems. In addition, participants reported that they were not understood by health care managers and felt lonely. Discussion and Conclusion: Nurses have been fighting at the forefront of this disaster. However, in recognition of how sacred and valuable life is, nurses fighting against coronavirus should not be left alone and must be supported by health care managers and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of using excessive amounts of chemical fertilizers to increase yield in lettuce farming; organic matter content of soils and product yield decrease. Plant Growth Supporting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), increasing doses of seaweed (DY) and 25% reduced chemical fertilizers (3/4 KG) were tested in field conditions in order to increase yield and quality in lettuce. Post-harvest in plants; Head length, head diameter, root collar diameter, head weight, number of leaves, leaf fresh and dry weight, water-soluble dry matter content and plant nutrient content were measured. According to the measurements made; Control and PGPR+100 ml DY+3/4 KG applications are lower than the recommended fertilizer dose (KG), while PGPR+200 ml DY+3/4 KG, PGPR+300 ml DY+3/4 KG, PGPR+ 400 ml DY+3/4 KG and PGPR+500 ml DY+3/4 KG applications have achieved high values. PGPR+500 ml DY+3/4KG application, which received the highest value among the applications, according to the control application, at plant head height; %27. 6, plant crown diameter; 14%, diameter of the plant root collar; 23.2, 312% in head weight, root length; 52%, number of leaves; 24.2, leaf dry weight; It increased by 16.7%.. However, the effect of current applications on Cu contents was found to be insignificant. According to these results; By applying seaweed extract and PGPR together, which have different modes of action, chemical fertilizer doses can be reduced and an improvement in growth, yield and nutrient content can be achieved in lettuce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in open field conditions in Mersin/Silifke district of Turkey. As a result of excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase yield in cauliflower farming, yield and quality losses increase in soils with poor organic matter content. For this purpose, in order to increase the lost yield and quality, vermicompost and increasing chemical fertilizer (KG) doses, which are well compatible with the soil microorganism, were applied together in the study. Some parameters (crown length, crown diameter, stem diameter, stem length, crown weight, marketable yield, number of leaves, leaf length and diameter) were measured in the plots harvested after about 120 days in cauliflower. According to the measurements made on the samples taken on plot basis, the average plant crown weight was VK+1/2KG (1.97 kg), VK+KG (2.05 kg) and VK+2KG (2.34 kg) applications were included in the same group. According to the measurements made on the samples in marketable yield, VK+1/2KG (40970 kg/ha), VK+KG (42460 kg/ha) and VK+2KG (42730 kg/ha) applications were included in the same group. According to these results, there was no increase in yield in parallel with the increase in fertilizer. The results of other measured parameters are similar to the yield results. While increasing fertilizer doses and vermicompost applications throughout the study showed the effect on the nutrient uptake of cauliflower, it provided a significant increase compared to the control application. The rate of increases in the dose of chemical fertilizers did not affect yield and yield factors. In cauliflower fertilization, average yield can be obtained as a result of the use of chemical fertilizers reduced by 50% in chemical fertil izer applications with the addition of vermicompost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to examine the occupational variables affecting dentists. The relationship between variables was discovered by the dendrogram, using hierarchical cluster analysis. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey that includes 124 dentists in İstanbul (mean age ± S; 34.21 ± 7.35 years; occupation year 11.05 ± 6.78 years; 73 married, 51 single; 61 men, 63 women). Some assessments (sleep, depression, anxiety, pain, functionality, physical activity, and quality of life) were applied to the participants. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Statistical Methods was used to determine the clustering tendency of the variables and see how these clusters can converge. Results: Two main clusters were obtained by using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Main Cluster I contains two subclusters: Sub-Cluster I: Age, Occupation year, Stress, Neck disability index; Sub-Cluster II: Depression, Anxiety, Pittsburg, BMI, Oswestry disability index. Main Cluster II: Quality of life, Physical activity, Chronic disease, Smoking, Family situation, and Gender variables were obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result of our research, it is seen that the relations between the variables in the clusters we obtained are related to the literature. In this sense, the visual results and clusters obtained with the dendrogram enabled the variables to be presented regularly and systematically. Hierarchical cluster analysis draws attention as a modern method in terms of evaluating the physical and psychosocial variables that occur in dentistry, an important profession for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting the e-learning process in occupational therapy education in the COVID-19 period. Method: In the study, a form containing personal information and questions about the e-learning process, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied to 253 occupational therapy students via the Google form. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the data. Results: A large number of questionnaires were applied in the study, and principal component analysis, an advanced statistical method that enables the interpretation of this type of big data more effectively, was used. 13 components were determined, and a variance of 88% was explained. The main components were listed as students' self-perception about the education system, learning methods, home and university environment, information technologies, physical activity level, and academic performance/participation. Conclusion: We hope that the results of our study will provide a perspective on what innovations can be made for quality improvement in occupational therapy education. It would be beneficial to increase student feedback by applying similar studies in other education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common clinical problem that often occurs in the first hours of life. Although it is considered to be a benign clinical course, some cases may have severe symptoms and require ventilation support. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between the mean platelet volume (MPV), nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and the severity of TTN. Materials and methods: Patients with TTN were divided into two groups according to Silverman score (<7: group 1 [n: 34] and ≥7: Group 2 [n: 30]). The groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, hematologic parameters, and RVSP within the first 24 hours after admission. Results: Mean birth weight of the patients was 3033.4 ± 364.1 g and median gestational age was 38 weeks (min-max: 34-42). Patients in Group 2 were found to require higher nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) support and longer duration of oxygen treatment (p: 0.001). Patients in Group 2 had significantly higher thrombocyte, absolute NRBCs count, NRBCs/100 WBCs, and RVSP levels (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were found significantly higher in group 1(p < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, NRBCs/100 WBCs was found to be the most important independent parameter that affects Silverman score at admission (OR: 7.065, CI: 1.258-39.670, p: 0.026). Conclusion: This is the first study that investigates the association between NRBCs, RVSP, and severity of TTN. We think that elevated NRBCs and RVSP values are helpful for clinicians in decision making for referral of the patients to a secondary or a tertiary level of NICU and also inform the families about prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there were difficulties in planning the nursing workforce and personal protective equipment. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences and views of nurses on personal protective equipment use and nursing workforce planning in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted between 23 December 2020 and 3 May 2021, among 362 nurses who agreed to participate in this study voluntarily. Results: The findings showed that the satisfaction scores were significantly higher for those nurses who worked in 8‐h shifts, were not assigned to different clinics, were notified by an official letter and 1 week or month in advance before assignment compared with nurses in other categories. Conclusions: The problems that have arisen in the COVID‐19 pandemic process have made it clear that there is a need for a nursing services management model in the event of an epidemic. Implications for Nursing Management: This study reveals the need for the 'Nursing Services Management Model in the Event of an Epidemic' by discussing the problems of nurse workforce planning and protective personal equipment management from the perspective of nurses who experienced these problems at first hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at developing scale measuring attitudes of physicians against clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and investigate whether the attitude of physicians against CPGs has an effect on the use of CPGs. 'The Physicians' Attitudes Against CPGs and The Use of CPGs' was developed and used to collect data from the physicians working in a public education and research hospital. Physicians' attitudes that were constructed as an upper latent variable were significant, positive and highly effective on the use of CPGs. Furthermore, the attitude upper latent variable explained 30% of the variance in the observed variable for the use of CPGs. The attitude upper latent variable was affected significantly, positively and at a remarkably high level by positive attitude latent variable while it was affected significantly, negatively and at a remarkably high level by negative attitude latent variable. Physicians' attitudes against CPGs were found to be a highly important factor in the use of CPGs. And it was also observed that physicians' positive attitudes against CPGs affected the use of CPGs in a positive way while negative attitudes had negative effect on use of CPGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the R&D approaches of business managers and the factors that affect R&D activities in the central districts of the province of Konya in Turkey. The main data of the study were collected by questionnaires that were applied with managers of 67 businesses in the food industry who were determined by the method of quota sampling. Ac-cording to the results, the effects of the educational status of the business owner, the personnel structure of the business, the date when the business was established, having a plan for R&D activities for the next 5 years, whether or not they had knowledge on the institutions that provide support for R&D projects and the level of collaboration with universities on the R&D activities of businesses were significantly effective on the level of 5%. The variables that were related to the R&D perceptions of the business managers were determined by factor analysis, and it was found that there were 5 factors regarding the R&D perceptions of the managers. Regression analysis was used to determine whether or not the factors related to R&D perceptions were effective on conducting R&D activities. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that R&D had contribution in the operations of the business (Factor I), and the two factors related to universi-tyindustry collaboration (Factor V) had significant effects on businesses' R&D activities on the level of 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]