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Abstract Indicine cattle, also referred to as zebu (Bos taurus indicus), play a central role in pastoral communities across a wide range of agro-ecosystems, from extremely hot semiarid regions to hot humid tropical regions. However, their adaptive genetic changes following their dispersal into East Asia from the Indian subcontinent have remained poorly documented. Here, we characterize their global genetic diversity using high-quality whole-genome sequencing data from 354 indicine cattle of 57 breeds/populations, including major indicine phylogeographic groups worldwide. We reveal their probable migration into East Asia was along a coastal route rather than inland routes and we detected introgression from other bovine species. Genomic regions carrying morphology-, immune-, and heat-tolerance-related genes underwent divergent selection according to Asian agro-ecologies. We identify distinct sets of loci that contain promising candidate variants for adaptation to hot semi-arid and hot humid tropical ecosystems. Our results indicate that the rapid and successful adaptation of East Asian indicine cattle to hot humid environments was promoted by localized introgression from banteng and/or gaur. Our findings provide insights into the history and environmental adaptation of indicine cattle.

Background In recent years, medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are widely concerned by domestic and foreign scholars. However, China started late in this field with relatively backward development. It is of significant importance for the promotion of MUPS field development in China to learn the researches on MUPS by international scholars. Objective To discusses the current status, research hotspots and development trends of MUPS internationally by using bibliometrics method. Methods The papers related to MUPS from inception to 2022-08-15 were searched based on Web of Science core collection databases from July to August in 2022. The bibliometric analysis was performed on the included papers in terms of publication volume trends and the distributions of authors, institutions and research areas after screening and data processing. CiteSpace 6.1R3 software was used to conduct visualization analysis on collaboration between countries or regions, document co-citation, keywords co-occurrence, keywords clustering, and keywords with bursts. Results A total of 1 615 papers were finally included, the number of annual publications in studies regarding MUPS showed an overall upward trend from 1985 to 2022, with the most rapid growth from 2014 to 2016. ROSMALEN J G M (43 papers), WITTHOFT M (41 papers) and RIEF W (31 papers) ranked the top three authors in terms of number of publications, and the total citations of the three scholars' papers also ranks in the top 10, with 954 times, 1 275 times and 1 339 times, respectively. The top three institutions in terms of number of publications were all from the UK, including University of London (143 papers), King's College London (95 papers) and University of Manchester (84 papers). The top three countries/regions in terms of number of publications were England (422 papers), the United States (341 papers), and Netherlands (268 papers), all of which cooperated closely with other countries. A total of 75 research areas were involved in all the literature, with most studies in psychiatry (605 papers). The literature co-citation network map includes 1 393 nodes and 6 108 connections, and the paper with the highest co-citation frequency was titled Somatoform Disorders and Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Primary Care. Except of "Medically unexplained symptoms", the top five keywords in terms of occurrence frequency were "primary care" (422 times), "somatoform disorder" (405 times), "somatization" (354 times), "prevalence" (217 times) and "depression" (211 times). A total of 12 clusters were obtained by keywords clustering analysis, reflecting in the subject category and epidemiological characteristics of MUPS, key subtypes of MUPS, main treatment methods and management of MUPS. Keyword with the highest intensity of burst was "somatic symptom disorder" "children" "bodily distress syndrome" "somatic symptom disorder" and "model" have burst in recent years and persisted till now. Conclusion At present, the publications of international studies regarding to MUPS show an upward stage, with research hotspots and trends mainly focus on the sutypes of MUPS with more researches, attention to juvenile groups and creation of effective communication models, correct evaluation and long-term management of MUPS, effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for MUPS.

The glass fiber fabric reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (GF/PTFE) self-lubricating composite was investigated by using a high frequency and high load oscillating friction and wear tester MYB-500 to carry on a whole life wear test. The self-lubricating performance and damage characteristics were studied, and the wear debris and wear surface were analyzed by microscopic detection method to discuss the key factors affecting the self-lubricating stability and service life of material. Results show that the life cycle of GF/PTFE self-lubricating composite exhibits an obvious stage characteristics, and can be divided into three stages, including running-in, stable stage and failure stage based on the change of friction coefficient and wear depth. Real-time monitoring of friction coefficient and friction temperature can effectively reflect the self-lubricating performance and life stage of the material. The change of wear depth and wear surface analysis show that the wear exhibits notable non-uniformity. According to wear mechanism, the inhomogeneity of the initial thickness of the material has a significant influence on the inconsistency of the damage during the wear process as well as its life. Therefore, by improving the curing process, the stable stage in life cycle can be prolonged and the service life of the material can also be increased.

The present study investigated the residue depletion and WTs of EF and its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in largemouth bass after ad libitum administration in commercial fish farming based on statistical approaches. Samples collected at pre-determined time points were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. If the concentrations of medicine were less than the quantitative limit, they were set to be half of the limit of quantitative. The terminal elimination of the target compound was assumed to fit a one-compartment model. The statistical methods of Bartlett’s test and Cochran’s test were used to inspect the homogeneity of the log-transformed data. The lack-of-fit test and F-test were used to check the linearity of the regression line. Outliers were assessed using standardized residuals. The final WT was estimated using the 95% percentile with a 95% confidence level. The WTs of EF were calculated to be 46, 29, 33, 46, and 20 days for the muscle + skin, plasma, gill, kidney, and liver, respectively. After the risk assessment, the values of the hazard quotient were calculated to be far less than 1, indicating that the risk of residual EF was particularly low in the edible tissues of largemouth bass after medicine depletion for various WTs.

The KR resistance curve for hydraulic crack propagation in a concrete beam was determined and discussed. A semi-analytical method was introduced to calculate the hydraulic crack propagation in concrete. A series of concrete beams with various hydraulic pressures and initial crack depths were tested, and the hydraulic crack propagation in these beams was calculated. The calculated P-CMOD curves were first verified, and then the calculated KR resistance curve for hydraulic crack propagation was determined. Based on the test results and calculation results, the following conclusions can be drawn: The proposed analysis method can accurately predict the hydraulic crack propagation process in concrete. The KR resistance to hydraulic crack propagation in concrete decreases with the increase in hydraulic pressure but is less influenced by the initial crack depth of the test beams. In addition, the concrete beams collapse immediately under hydraulic fracturing once the KIw curve reaches the KR resistance curve. This indicates that the failure of concrete structures under hydraulic fracturing occurs immediately once the driving force of crack propagation, dominated by the hydraulic pressure in the crack, becomes significant.

The timing of potato tuberization is affected by potato ripeness, environmental factors, and polygene regulation. The accurate control of the transition to tuberization has both scientific and practical production value, but the key factors regulating this transition remain unclear. This study grafted an early-maturing potato variety (Favorita) scion to the late-maturing Qingshu 9 variety and demonstrated that a heterologous early-maturing scion can induce early potato formation on a late-maturing rootstock. The transcriptome of functional leaves and stolons of grafted plants was comprehensively analyzed and 593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 38 transcription factors. Based on gene molecular function analysis and previous reports, we propose that PIF5, bHLH93, CBF3, ERF109, TCP19, and YABBY1 are the key DEGs that induce tuber formation in early- and late-maturing potatoes. The YABBY1 gene was subjected to functional verification. The leaf area of StYABBY1-overexpressing plants was smaller than the wild type and no potato tubercles were formed, while an RNA interference plant line showed no change in leaf area and formed tubers, indicating that StYABBY1 has a role in leaf size regulation and tuber formation.