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Integrated photonic chips leverage the recent developments in integrated circuit technology, along with the control and manipulation of light signals, to realize the integration of multiple optical components onto a single chip. By exploiting the power of light, integrated photonic chips offer numerous advantages over traditional optical and electronic systems, including miniaturization, high-speed data processing and improved energy efficiency. In this review, we survey the current status of quantum computation, optical neural networks and the realization of some algorithms on integrated optical chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The paper introduces a bioresorbable elastomer, poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PGCL), with remarkable mechanical properties, including high elongation-at-break (< 1300%), resilience, and toughness (75 MJ m−3) for soft and transient electronics. Fabrication of conducting polymers with PGCL yields stretchable, conductive composites for transient electronic devices, functioning reliably under external strains. The study demonstrates the feasibility of a disintegrable electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of post-surgical wounds on soft, time-dynamic tissues or versatile biomedical areas of interest. Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient, bioresorbable electronic systems; however, elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to non-transient counterparts. Here, we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer, poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PGCL), that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break (< 1300%), resilience and toughness, and tunable dissolution behaviors. Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices, in combination with conducing polymers, yields stretchable, conductive composites for degradable interconnects, sensors, and actuators, which can reliably function under external strains. Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic, transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of post-surgical wounds in soft, time-dynamic tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge density wave (CDW) instability, usually occurring in low-dimensional metals, has been a topic of interest for longtime. However, some very fundamental aspects of the mechanism remain unclear. Recently, a plethora of new CDW materials, a substantial fraction of which is two-dimensional or even three-dimensional, has been prepared and characterised as bulk and/or single-layers. As a result, the need for revisiting the primary mechanism of the instability, based on the electron–hole instability established more than 50 years ago for quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) conductors, has clearly emerged. In this work, we consider a large number of CDW materials to revisit the main concepts used in understanding the CDW instability, and emphasise the key role of the momentum dependent electron–phonon coupling in linking electronic and structural degrees of freedom. We argue that for quasi-1D systems, earlier weak coupling theories work appropriately and the energy gain due to the CDW and the concomitant periodic lattice distortion (PLD) remains primarily due to a Fermi surface nesting mechanism. However, for materials with higher dimensionality, intermediate and strong coupling regimes are generally at work and the modification of the chemical bonding network by the PLD is at the heart of the instability. We emphasise the need for a microscopic approach blending condensed matter physics concepts and state-of-the-art first-principles calculations with quite fundamental chemical bonding ideas in understanding the CDW phenomenon in these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A power amplifier (PA) stands as a central module within the electronic information system (EIS), and any variation in a PA's specifications has a direct impact on the EIS's performance, especially in the face of temperature fluctuations. In examining the influence of PA specification changes on the EIS, we employed support vector machine (SVM) to model the behavior of the temperature characteristics of 0.3–1.1 GHz complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) class-A broadband PAs. The results show that the parameters of S11, S12, S21, and S22 can be effectively modeled. SVM outperforms Elman and GRNN in terms of combined modeling time and modeling accuracy. This research can be extended to modeling the behavior of other types of power amplifiers or devices and circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing 2D reconfigurable multifunctional devices is of great potential in further miniaturizing the chip area and simplifying circuit design. 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer a novel approach to realizing reconfigurable multifunctional devices. Despite the numerous previous reports that have integrated various functions in a single 2D heterostructures device, most of those devices are based on a complex multilayer heterostructure or an air‐unstable channel material, limiting their ability to be applied in integrated circuits. There is an urgent need to develop 2D reconfigurable multifunctional devices that have a simple structure and stable electrical properties. In this work, a side‐gate reconfigurable device is illustrated based on simple BN‐MoS2 vdW heterostructures. Three different functions in a single device have been achieved, including a diode, double‐side‐gate reconfigurable logic transistor, and top floating gate memory. A lateral n+‐n homojunction is created along the MoS2 channel and the rectification ratio is above 105. Reconfigurable logic operations (OR, AND) can be achieved in a single double‐side‐gate device and the current on/off ratio is ≈t 104. Moreover, the device can act as a floating gate memory under back gate operation. Those results pave the way for integrating the same reconfigurable multifunctional devices to realize complex electronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by economic interests, adding adulterations in chili powder is a problem which threatens people's health. Thanks to its nondestructive, rapid, and portable advantages, electronic nose has more potential to be used for adulteration detection than the traditional methods. An approach for identifying the adulterants in chili powder was proposed in this paper. Firstly, an electronic nose system with 10 gas sensors was designed, and then the response images were drawn based on the response signals of the electronic nose. Afterwards, gas features were extracted from those response images by using a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) algorithm. Finally, an SVM-based identification model was constructed to achieve the identification of plant adulterants in chili powder. The experimental results showed that the identification accuracy of the adulterant categories (almond shell, red beetroot, and tomato peel) based on the HOG features could reach up to 98.3%, and the identification results for adulterant content were 94.2%, 93.3%, and 95%, respectively. Furthermore, in order to compare the efficiency of the proposed identification approach, the widely used model AlexNet was also investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 6×6 bit convolution circuit is designed using a new binary multiplier based on 2-to-1 multiplexer (Mux-Multiplier). The proposed Mux-Multiplier circuit is designed so as X-bits are fed to one of the 2-to-1 multiplexer inputs, while the other multiplexer inputs are grounded to zero. The Y-group bits become the control selector for each of all the multiplexers. All the multiplexer outputs are summed together by an adder to achieve the correct result. The whole convolution circuit is designed, coded and successfully gate level simulated on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Cyclone IV platform. The achieved result of Mux-Multiplier and convolution circuits described that these results are exactly matched with the mathematically obtained results. The proposed designed circuit operates with 9.111 ns delay time. The presented designed circuit with these good specifications makes the convolution circuit suitable in a wide range of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications, telecommunication and electronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species. The potential distribution generated by the catalytic metals integrated into a semiconductor field-effect structure was read as a photocurrent signal generated by scanning light pulses. The impact of the proposed technology spread beyond gas sensing, inspiring the development of various imaging modalities based on the light addressing of field-effect structures to obtain spatial maps of pH distribution, ions, molecules, and impedance, and these modalities have been applied in both biological and non-biological systems. These light-addressing technologies have been further developed to realize the position control of a faradaic current on the electrode surface for localized electrochemical reactions and amperometric measurements, as well as the actuation of liquids in microfluidic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techniques for prognostic and health management are becoming common in the electronic domain to reduce the cost of failures. Typically, the proposed techniques rely either on physics-based or data-driven models. Only a few studies explored hybrid models to combine the advantages of both models. For this reason, this work investigates the potential of hybrid modeling by presenting a new framework for the diagnostics and prognostics of an electronic system. The methodology is validated on simulation data describing the behavior of a QFN package subject to die delamination. The main results of this work are twofold. First, it is shown that the hybrid model can achieve better performance than the performance obtained by either the physics-based or the data-driven models alone. Second, a baseline is set for the best performance achievable by the hybrid model, allowing us to estimate the remaining useful life of the package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer printing that enables heterogeneous integration of materials into spatially organized, functional arrangements is essential for developing unconventional electronic systems. Here, we report a laser-driven noncontact bubble transfer printing via a hydrogel composite stamp, which features a circular reservoir filled with hydrogel inside a stamp body and encapsulated by a laser absorption layer and an adhesion layer. This composite structure of stamp provides a reversible thermal controlled adhesion in a rapid manner through the liquid-gas phase transition of water in the hydrogel. The ultrasoft nature of hydrogel minimizes the influence of preload on the pick-up performance, which offers a strong interfacial adhesion under a small preload for a reliable damage-free pick-up. The strong light-matter interaction at the interface induces a liquid-gas phase transition to form a bulge on the stamp surface, which eliminates the interfacial adhesion for a successful noncontact printing. Demonstrations of noncontact transfer printing of microscale Si platelets onto various challenging nonadhesive surfaces (e.g., glass, key, wrench, steel sphere, dry petal, droplet) in two-dimensional or three-dimensional layouts illustrate the unusual capabilities for deterministic assembly to develop unconventional electronic systems such as flexible inorganic electronics, curved electronics, and micro-LED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Magnetic skyrmions hold great promise for realizing compact and stable memory devices that can be manipulated at very low energy costs via electronic current densities. Methods: In this work, we extend a recently introduced method to describe classical skyrmion textures coupled to dynamical itinerant electrons. In this scheme, the electron dynamics is described via nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) within the generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz, and the classical spins are treated via the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Here, the framework is extended to open systems by the introduction of a non-interacting approximation to the collision integral of NEGFs. This, in turn, allows us to perform computations of the real-time response of skyrmions to electronic currents in large quantum systems coupled to electronic reservoirs, which exhibit linear scaling in the number of time steps. We use this approach to investigate how electronic spin currents and dilute spin disorder affect skyrmion transport and the skyrmion Hall drift. Results: Our results show that the skyrmion dynamics is sensitive to a specific form of the spin disorder, such that different disorder configurations lead to qualitatively different skyrmion trajectories for the same applied bias. Discussion: This sensitivity arises from the local spin dynamics around the magnetic impurities, a feature that is expected not to be well-captured by phenomenological or spin-only descriptions. At the same time, our findings illustrate the potential of engineering microscopic impurity patterns to steer skyrmion trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solenoid connectors play important role in electronic stability system design, with the features of small size, low cost, fast response time and high reliability. The main production process challenge for solenoid connectors is the accurate detection of defects, which is closely related to safe driving. Both faultless and defective products have similar color and shape at the defect location, making proper inspection challenging. To address these issues, we proposed a defect detection model called PO-YOLOv5 to achieve accurate defect detection for solenoid connectors. First, an additional prediction head was added to enable the model to acquire more semantic information to detect larger-scale defective features. Second, we introduced dynamic convolution to learn complementary connections between the four dimensions of the convolution kernel by utilizing its multidimensional attention mechanism. Replacing conventional convolution with dynamic convolution enhances the detection accuracy of the model and reduces the inference time. Finally, we validated PO-YOLOv5 versus the state-of-the-art object detection methods on the same solenoid connectors dataset. Experiments revealed that our proposed approach exhibited higher accuracy. The mAP (mean Average Precision) result of PO-YOLOv5 was found to be about 90.1%. Compared with the original YOLOv5, PO-YOLOv5 exhibited improved precision by about 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new era of patient care and health care has started because of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. This paper analyzes significant developments achieved in the fieldof medical chatbots, which are now efficient instruments for improving patient engagement, increasing access to healthcare, and accelerating medical operations. The capacity of medical chatbots, powered by AI and ML algorithms, to offer timely and individualized healthcare information, symptom assessment,and even early diagnoses, has been established. They use naturallanguage processing (NLP) methods to converse in human-like ways, making them accessible for individuals with different degrees of digital literacy. Additionally, they can be integrated with other healthcare systems and electronic health records (EHRs), facilitating seamless exchange of data while improving the client’s experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic tickets (e-tickets) are gradually being adopted as a substitute for paper-based tickets to bring convenience to customers, corporations, and governments. However, their adoption faces a number of practical challenges, such as flexibility, privacy, secure storage, and inability to deploy on IoT devices such as smartphones. These concerns motivate the current research on e-ticket systems, which seeks to ensure the unforgeability and authenticity of e-tickets while simultaneously protecting user privacy. Many existing schemes cannot fully satisfy all these requirements. To improve on the current state-of-the-art solutions, this paper constructs a blockchain-enhanced privacy-preserving e-ticket system for IoT devices, dubbed PriTKT, which is based on blockchain, structure-preserving signatures (SPS), unlinkable redactable signatures (URS), and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP). It supports flexible policy-based ticket purchasing and ensures user unlinkability. According to the data minimization and revealing principle of GDPR, PriTKT empowers users to selectively disclose subsets of (necessary) attributes to sellers as long as the disclosed attributes satisfy ticket purchasing policies. In addition, benefiting from the decentralization and immutability of blockchain, effective detection and efficient tracing of double spending of e-tickets are supported in PriTKT. Considering the impracticality of existing e-tickets schemes with burdensome ZKPs, we replace them with URS/SPS or efficient ZKP to significantly improve the efficiency of ticket issuing and make it suitable for use on smartphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous operation of analog circuits, the component degradation problem gradually comes to the forefront, which may lead to problems, such as circuit performance degradation, system stability reductions, and signal quality degradation, which could be particularly evident in increasingly complex electronic systems. At the same time, due to factors, such as continuous signal transformation, the fluctuation of component parameters, and the nonlinear characteristics of components, traditional fault localization methods are still facing significant challenges when dealing with large-scale complex circuit faults. Based on this, this paper proposes a fault-diagnosis method for analog circuits using the ECWGEO algorithm, an enhanced version of the GEO algorithm, to de-optimize the 1D-CNN with an attention mechanism to handle time–frequency fusion inputs. Firstly, a typical circuit-quad op-amp dual second-order filter circuit is selected to construct a fault-simulation model, and Monte Carlo analysis is used to obtain a large number of samples as the dataset of this study. Secondly, the 1D-CNN network structure is improved for the characteristics of the analog circuits themselves, and the time–frequency domain fusion input is implemented before inputting it into the network, while the attention mechanism is introduced into the network. Thirdly, instead of relying on traditional experience for network structure determination, this paper adopts a parameter-optimization algorithm for network structure optimization and improves the GEO algorithm according to the problem characteristics, which enhances the diversity of populations in the late stage of its search and accelerates the convergence speed. Finally, experiments are designed to compare the results in different dimensions, and the final proposed structure achieved a 98.93% classification accuracy, which is better than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) has progressed rapidly in both theory and commercialization. However, existing research into WPT coil design for low-power devices to mitigate the coil offset is limited. A dual-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure is proposed in this paper to mitigate the coil offset while retaining manufacturing simplicity for practical uses. Specifically, the impacts of key geometric parameters on the coil quality factor and coupling coefficient are analyzed through models and simulations. Equivalent PCB coils were formed for mutual inductance models, and four basic compensation circuits were analyzed. The impacts of changes in coil thickness, line width, turn spacing, and number of turns on the quality factor of PCB coils were analyzed with a fixed outer diameter of the coil. Eleven types of PCB coils were manufactured to verify the simulation results. The offset transmission efficiency can reach 46.6% with an output power of 14.4 W. The PCB coil with improved design could offer remarkable improvements in the WPT system for low-power electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) is a cost-effective hardware device used in mechanical, process, electrical, electronic, military, and medical equipment providing automated and digital functionalities for users. Keeping high quality standards in the PCBA production process is a major challenge for the electronics production industry. Defective PCBAs are submitted to analysis, debug, and repair processes. This paper presents an augmented reality (AR) fault diagnosis support system for assembled electronic systems—the Cadence inspectAR Augmented Reality Electronics Platform. The system's functional concept and components are described. The steps of the diagnostic process are presented and discussed. The diagnostic capabilities of the system are illustrated with an example of the system's use in industrial practice. The planned steps in the development of the elaborated system are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, E-voting has received great attention due to its advantages in efficiency and accuracy. Fan et al. presented a novel E-voting system named HSE-Voting by utilizing homomorphic signcryption. The HSE-Voting system was claimed to gain a provable security goal under the standard proof. In this paper, we illustrate that their scheme may suffer from some potential security issues. On the one hand, the voting information could be recovered by the authentication center (AC). On the other hand, any malicious voter could disrupt the voting system undetected by locally modifying his ballot. In order to increase the resilience of the voting system to risks, an improvement of the HSE-Voting system is developed. Our improved system fixes the above security weaknesses but increases the computation cost on the AC side by a small amount. In addition, the proposed scheme satisfies voter anonymity, ballot privacy, and verifiability of election results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal deaths due to hypoxia are preventable with continuous monitoring. Cardiotocography (CTG) is standard for intrapartum foetal assessment, aiming to detect signs of distress and intervene promptly to mitigate risk. Objective: To determine the accuracy of advanced intrapartum monitoring system in comparison with electronic CTG in tracking of non-reassuring foetal symptoms by pattern analysis of the FHR. Materials and methods: A single-centre, observation study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. CTG and an advanced portable intrapartum monitoring system (KEYAR) were applied simultaneously to all participants. Twenty-minute-long recording traces were obtained from both devices. Mode of delivery was noted for all patients along with Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes. Results: The final study cohort was constituted by 94 participants. Most participants (57.4%) were primigravida. The mean (95% CI) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of KEYAR tracing were 33% (9.6, 70), 97.7% (92.09, 99.37), 50% (15, 85) and 95.5% (89.12, 98.26), respectively. The overall, diagnostic accuracy of KEYAR was 93.6% (86.77, 97.04). Conclusions: Advanced portable intrapartum monitoring device (KEYAR) is a new application with the benefits of easy user operability and portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developing technology, the power density of electronic devices is increasing in direct proportion. Therefore, this situation causes the development of cooling technology. This study presents a quantitative evaluation of how TRIZ (Innovative problem solving theory) method improves results in cooler design used in cooling the electronic systems of electric vehicles. After the problem was defined, innovative principles were applied with the TRIZ contradiction matrix. Geometric parameters are taken as a basis, especially in order not to be a costly solution. For an innovative solution, the effects of duct inlet length, number of fins and fin type parameters on cooling and pressure loss were investigated in Taguchi analysis. The results of the in-channel flow problem were carried out numerically in the Comsol program. The order of importance of the parameters affecting the radiated heat and pressure loss values for the cooling process was obtained as the number of fins > the effect of the cooler type > the inlet distance distance. It has been observed that the effect rate of the number of fins on the maximum heat dissipation and pressure loss is quite high (83.11%-87.27%) compared to the other two parameters. In terms of heat dissipation, with TRIZ analysis, an improvement of 6.6% was achieved in the final design compared to the current situation, and an improvement of 14.14% in terms of pressure loss. In order to validation the numerical method used in the study, a study in the literature was discussed. The results were found to be compatible with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the procedure to obtain the mathematical model for a 2 KW DBI (Dual Buck Inverter) converter, which can be used in renewable energy applications, is described. In the same way, the operation modes of this inverter are described with the respective equations that model its behavior for each one of them and, with the activation signals of the MOSFETs present in the inverter, the switched model is created. The linearization procedure of the model at one operating point is shown, simulation results are recorded in Matlab®/Simulink™ using PID controller, making changes in both load and input DC voltage levels for the proposed model and for the inverter circuit, thus making use of discrete elements. The total harmonic distortion in the output voltage signal is less than 0.73%, complying with the IEEE 519 standard.} [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esports (i.e. electronic sports) are a kind of sport characterized mainly by being facilitated by an electronic system. Currently, Esports is a growing discipline that is getting popularity year after year. The most played games in Latin America are Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CSGO) and League of Legends (LoL). However, there is yet little research on Esports and the psychological factors involved during games that may affect player performance. In sports, the Flow State (sometimes simply called "flow") is a sensation in which one's own skills are adequate to face the challenges that are presented to us. Literature suggests that entering Flow State may improve performance. This work seeks, on the one hand, to determine whether Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CSGO) and League of Legends (LoL) players manage to experience a Flow State during such activity. On the other hand, improvement of player performance due to entering into Flow State was tested. Finally, the study assessed whether a more satisfying subjective experience was obtained in players who managed to enter the Flow State. For this purpose, an online survey (n = 323) was conducted using a Flow State Scale and an Optimal Experience Questionnaire after the participants had played their last game. Results show that most of the surveyed players entered in Flow State, and that this would have generated both a more satisfying experience and a better performance. These results deepen knowledge about Esports and may help in improving players' experience in video games and their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Implementation of teledermatology for assessing dermatitis patients provides comparable diagnostic and management outcomes to in-person visits, but studies on consumer to physician asynchronous teledermatology (eDerm) consults submitted by patients in large dermatitis cohorts are limited. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess associations of eDerm consults with diagnostic accuracy, management, and follow-up in a large cohort of dermatitis patients. Methods:One thousand forty-five eDerm encounters between April 1, 2020, and October 29, 2021, recorded in the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System Epic electronic medical record were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and concordance were analyzed using chi-square. Results:Asynchronous teledermatology modified/changed treatment in 97.6% of cases and had the same diagnosis between teledermatology and in-person follow-up in 78.3% of cases. Patients following up in the time line requested were more likely to follow-up in person (61.2% vs. 43.8%) than those who did not. Patients with intertriginous dermatitis (p = 0.003), preexisting conditions (p = 0.002), who required follow-ups (<0.0001), and moderate-high severity scores of 4–7 (p = 0.019) were more likely to follow up in the time line requested. Limitations:Lack of similar in-person visit data did not allow us to compare descriptive and concordance data between eDerm and clinic visits. Conclusions:eDerm offers a quick accessible solution to provide comparable dermatologic care for patients with dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radar emitter signal intra-pulse modulation recognition is important for modern electronic reconnaissance systems to analyze target radar systems. In the actual environment, the intra-pulse modulations of the sampled radar emitter signals contain not only the known types in the library but also the unknown types. Therefore, the existing recognition methods, which are based on a closed set, cannot recognize the unknown samples. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we proposed a method for radar emitter signal intra-pulse modulation open set recognition. The proposed method could classify the known modulations and identify the unknown modulation by using an original deep neural network-based recognition model trained on a closed set, estimating the signal-to-noise ratio, and calculating the reconstruction loss by an encoder–decoder model. For a given sample, the original deep neural network-based recognition model will label it as a certain known class temporarily. By estimating the SNR of the sample and calculating the reconstruction loss by inputting the sample to the corresponding encoder–decoder model related to the temporary predicted known class, whether the sample belongs to the predicted temporary known class or the unknown class will be confirmed. Experiments were conducted with five different openness conditions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has good performance on radar emitter signal intra-pulse modulation open set recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack or low state transparency in public procurement procedures is one of the problems that has been affecting the citizen's right to free access to public information, in addition to generating acts of corruption, little competitiveness, lack of state legitimacy, among others. The objective of this study is to analyze the importance of the Electronic System of State Procurement (Seace) in the free access to information and transparency of public procurement procedures in Peru. The general methods of logic and the dogmatic legal method have been used. We will present a theoretical development, built based on regulations, doctrine, Peruvian jurisprudence, and comparative law. The results show that the Seace portal, through the option "Seace Public Search Engines", allows the search for information in ten different categories related to public procurement. It is concluded that the Seace has become a fundamental tool in the free access to public information. However, it presents problems since in some cases it presents damaged, incomplete, or simply non-existent information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both natural and unnatural mortality have seasonal variation. In spite of the established link between season and mortality, it is unclear whether medico-legal autopsies are subject to similar variation. Building on a nationwide dataset from the years 2016–2021, this short report aimed to analyse whether medico-legal autopsies are subject to seasonal variation in Finland. An electronic information system was queried for the monthly numbers of performed autopsies. Monthly and yearly trends were estimated with Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regression. A total of 50,457 medico-legal autopsies were performed during the 6-year study period. There were on average 29 to 47 autopsies per day, with an estimated annual decline of 1.8% (95% confidence interval 0.7–2.9%) over the study period. Monthly and yearly variation in autopsies was mostly minor and irregular; statistically significant differences were only observed between January and September as well as January and November (p < 0.05). As such, there appears to be little seasonal variation in medico-legal autopsies in Finland. A mild declining trend in the number of autopsies was observed. Future studies are invited to explore patterns of seasonality in other medico-legal systems, for example in those with generally lower autopsy rates than in Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand-pushed cone penetrometer has been utilized to assess soil compaction based on soil penetration resistance (SPR). However, the manual operation of these devices can be quite challenging and erroneous. The accuracy of the data gathered using such devices can be hindered by the operator's limitation in maintaining a constant-rate of penetration into the soil, thus preventing the attainment of a steady, predefined penetration rate. To address this issue, a constant-rate, IoT-enabled cone penetrometer is designed and constructed. The developed penetrometer measures the SPR across the soil profile with a designed lead screw arrangement that ensures a constant-rate penetration. The device comprises a mechanical system and an electronic control unit that utilizes IoT framework. The mechanical system includes a primary frame, lead screw arrangement and a standard penetrometer probe. The SPR, and depth along with coordinates of location are measured and stored on a web server. A user-friendly customizable web interface and mobile application enable real-time access. The developed penetrometer measures the SPR up to 2000 kPa up to 400 mm depth. Comparative analysis shows that the constant-rate penetrometer (CRP) provides more reliable and less variable resistance measurements compared to the hand-pushed penetrometer (HPP), with significant differences observed at multiple depths. This penetrometer maintains a constant-rate of penetration, ensuring adherence to predefined standards for accurate measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methods for safety signal detection in electronic healthcare data analysing data sequentially are being developed to meet the limitations of spontaneous reporting systems. Objectives: This study aims to provide an overview of the literature on sequential analysis of electronic healthcare data and describe the development and testing of a novel epidemiological surveillance system. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library applying similar in‐ and exclusion criteria as those of a previous systematic review. The proposed system consisted of repeated cohort studies and was tested in an emulated prospective setting. Two signal evaluations were performed with several sensitivity analyses and a target trial emulation. Findings: In the literature, 11 studies analysed the data sequentially of which two applied traditional epidemiological methods. Epidemiological surveillance of several exposures and outcomes can be successfully conducted with the newly proposed sequential analysis of electronic healthcare data. Signal evaluation studies confirmed the results of the system. Conclusions: Very few studies in the literature analysed data at multiple time points, although this seems to be a prerequisite for testing the methods in a realistic setting. We demonstrated the feasibility of a sequential surveillance system using electronic healthcare data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging cloud storage technology has significantly improved efficiency and productivity in the traditional electronic healthcare field. However, it has also brought about many security concerns. Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) holds immense potential in achieving fine-grained access control, providing robust security for electronic healthcare data in the cloud. However, current CP-ABE schemes still face issues such as inflexible attribute revocation, relatively lower computational capabilities, and key management. To address these issues, this paper introduces a revocable and traceable undeniable ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption scheme (MA-RUABE). MA-RUABE not only enables fast and accurate data traceability, effectively preventing malicious user key leakage, but also includes a direct revocation feature, significantly enhancing computational efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of a multi-permission mechanism resolves the issue of centralization of power caused by single-attribute permissions. Furthermore, a security analysis demonstrates that our system ensures resilience against chosen plaintext attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that MA-RUABE incurs lower computational overhead, effectively enhancing system performance and ensuring data-sharing security in cloud-based electronic healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this digital era, several aspects of our lives are made easier because of the presence and development of technology. One of the examples of it is the creation of various kinds of electronic systems, whether in the form of applications, websites, or portals. In using the systems, the personal data of users is usually required for each of these electronic systems. Personal data is usually used as an identity which is needed to identify a person in the process of the electronic system. Moreover, personal data is considered a sensitive matter since it concludes the information related to a person’s identity, while this information is part of the right to privacy. It is undeniable that a person’s data can be used by irresponsible parties who can harm the owner’s data, especially regarding their privacy rights. Therefore, legal protection is needed for this data, especially in the digital era in which personal data is widely used for various purposes such as electronic systems need or purposes. This study aims to find out and analyze the ideal protection and regulation of legal concepts related to personal data as the fulfillment of privacy rights in the digital era in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On entering the digital era, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency introduced electronic land services, including electronic mortgage rights. To facilitate investment needs by applying for bank loans and to improve mortgage rights services in meeting the principles of transparency, timeliness, speed, convenience, effectiveness, and efficiency. This research aims to describe and analyze the arrangement of electronic mortgage rights system services, and the advantages and disadvantages faced by the organizers and users of the electronic mortgage rights system services. The type of research used is descriptive normative legal research. Secondary data were analyzed qualitatively. For the conclusion deductive logic was used. The research results showed that the types of services in the electronic mortgage rights system include registration of mortgage rights, transfer of mortgage rights, change of creditor name, and cancellation of liability electronically integrated mortgage rights service mechanisms. The land deed officials, creditors, and the land office experienced problems while registering mortgage rights in the electronic system. There are advantages and disadvantages to an electronic mortgage rights system. There are unclear settings. It is proposed that the rules regarding electronic mortgage rights must be revised regarding the improvement period for electronic mortgage rights applications. The provisions of Article 10 paragraph (3) of the Mortgage Rights Law cannot be implemented because the Electronic Mortgage Rights are based on land data that has been legalized and registered with the local land office. The provisions of Article 10 paragraph (3) of the Mortgage Rights Law must accommodate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving electric vehicle industry, the reliability of electronic systems is critical to ensuring vehicle safety and performance. Printed circuit boards (PCBs), serving as a cornerstone in these systems, necessitate efficient and accurate surface defect detection. Traditional PCB surface defect detection methods, like basic image processing and manual inspection, are inefficient and error-prone, especially for complex, minute, or irregular defects. Addressing this issue, this study introduces a technology based on the YOLOv5 network structure. By integrating the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), the model's capability in recognizing intricate and small defects is enhanced. Further, partial convolution (PConv) replaces traditional convolution for more effective spatial feature extraction and reduced redundant computation. In the network's final stage, multi-scale defect detection is implemented. Additionally, the normalized Wasserstein distance (NWD) loss function is introduced, considering relationships between different categories, thereby effectively solving class imbalance and multi-scale defect detection issues. Training and validation on a public PCB dataset showed the model's superior detection accuracy and reduced false detection rate compared to traditional methods. Real-time monitoring results confirm the model's ability to accurately detect various types and sizes of PCB surface defects, satisfying the real-time detection needs of electric vehicle production lines and providing crucial technical support for electric vehicle reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection of biomedicine and radio frequency (RF) engineering has fundamentally transformed self-health monitoring by leveraging soft and wearable electronic devices. This paradigm shift presents a critical challenge, requiring these devices and systems to possess exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and functionality. To meet these requirements, traditional electronic systems, such as sensors and antennas made from rigid and bulky materials, must be adapted through material science and schematic design. Notably, in recent years, extensive research efforts have focused on this field, and this review article will concentrate on recent advancements. We will explore the traditional/emerging materials for highly flexible and electrically efficient wearable electronics, followed by systematic designs for improved functionality and performance. Additionally, we will briefly overview several remarkable applications of wearable electronics in biomedical sensing. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future directions in this developing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and analysis of high-performance N-bit digital comparators for use in modern digital systems. Digital comparators are fundamental building blocks in many electronic systems, performing the critical task of comparing two digital values and generating an output indicating their relative magnitudes. For implementing N-bit digital comparator a new design for an 8T EX-OR-NOR cell with full rail-to-rail output swing has been proposed. The proposed EX-OR-NOR cell is based on the hybrid circuit utilizing CMOS inverter and transmission gate logics, which thereby uses less power and minimizes propagation delay. Thus, a high-speed N-bit digital comparator design is accomplished using the proposed 8T EX-OR-NOR cell. In the present work 4-bit to 32-bit digital comparators are designed and implemented using the proposed circuitry. All the circuits are designed using Cadence electronic design automation (EDA) Virtuoso Design Environment for 180nm CMOS technology node. The outcomes are evaluated and verified with the comparator designs reported in the literature. The proposed modified N-bit digital comparators provide an excellent combination of speed, power consumption, and accuracy, making them a promising solution for modern digital electronics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a design of an Electronic Differential System (EDS) is presented for an Electric Vehicle (EV) with four independently controlled In-wheel Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IW-PMSMs). To decrease the weight of the EV and eliminate the mechanical losses, an EDS is preferred instead of conventional mechanical differentials. In the literature, an EDS is commonly designed for only one pair of wheels. Conversely, in this study, an EDS for the four wheels of the EV is modeled and designed. Firstly, the speeds of four wheels are calculated by using the Ackermann-Jeantand geometry via Codesys software. Then, a dynamic model of the EV including all vehicle dynamics is created by MATLAB/Simulink. In the system, all sensors and IW-PMSMs are communicated by Controller Area Network-Bus (CANBus) which is commonly used in EVs due to its significant properties. Besides, a speed controller is designed to equal the EV speed taken from the real system to the reference speed. Finally, an experimental setup is established, and Codesys results are validated by both Simulink and experimental results. It is observed that safe driving of the EV with four IWPMSMs is provided by the designed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread adoption of electronic technology, electromagnetic (EM) interference has become increasingly severe, adversely affecting the normal operation of electronic systems and posing significant threats to human health. EM shielding materials can effectively suppress various EM waves and EM interference generated through space by improving the EM compatibility of electronic systems and electronic devices. Recently, fiber-structure materials have been widely used for EM shielding due to their softness, thinness, and superior shielding efficiency. Therefore, this paper focused on fiber-based EM shielding materials, discussed the basic principles of EM shielding, the types of EM shielding fibers, the efficiency factors of EM shielding fabrics, and presented prospects for the future development of such materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology that continues to evolve has given birth to an innovation called artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence which is usually called "AI". The development of AI has sparked an algorithm called deepfake technology. Deepfakes use machine learning and neural network technology, which are methods in AI that teach computers to process data in a way inspired by the human brain. This study aims to determine the regulation of AI as perpetrators of deepfake crimes and to determine the criminal responsibility of AI who commit criminal acts in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research using a statutory approach (statue approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach), and comparative approach (comparative approach). AI is classified as an electronic system and electronic agent which when viewed to the characteristics of AI that has a match with the definition of electronic systems and electronic agents. If AI commits deepfake crimes, it can violate several articles in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. In California, legislation has been passed to address deepfakes related to pornography, fraud, and defamation: Calif AB-602 and Calif AB-730. There are three AI criminal liability models that commit criminal acts, namely Perpetration-via another model (PVM), Natural-Probable-Consequence Liability Model (NPCLM), and Direct Liability Model (DLM). In Indonesia, AI has not been recognized as a legal subject so that if you commit a criminal act, the person who must be responsible is the creator of AI or AI users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The bank, as a legal person, can typically be held legally liable under civil, penal, and administrative law for actions it performs. Liability, in general, arises from contractual obligations or tort. The electronic fund transfer process (EFT) is an example of the bank's contractual obligation. The applicable law and its specificity determine electronic contracts' legality and probative value. This research aims to clarify the position of the Jordanian legislator regarding the EFT payment process and the legal consequences and risks related to this process. It also aims to determine banks' liability for executing EFT operations in case of tort or negligence. The researchers employed the analytical and deductive approach. The results indicated that the Jordanian legislation in Electronic Transactions Law No. (15) of 2015, the system of payment and electronic transfer of funds 2017, and the Banking Law No. (7) of 2019 have granted electronic bonds the same probative value as the traditional bond. However, numerous legislative texts still require revision or replacement to accommodate the demands of commercial and economic transactions. For example, specific regulations for banking e-payment and funding operations and transfers should be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the legal system of electronic telegrams in the system of using electronic means in civil proceedings The Jordanian legislator was created to keep abreast of recent electronic developments and to use them to facilitate litigation proceedings against the parties to the proceedings and to address the obstacles and problems encountered in conventional reporting and researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach by describing the concept of electronic reporting, Analyzing the texts of the Civil Trial Code and Code of Procedure and amendments. This study has reached several conclusions. The ease of use, as well as several suggestions, is important for the legislator to organize texts setting out the system's electronic reporting procedures because of the inadequacy of the texts contained in the Code of Civil Procedure, and the Provision of more modern technical equipment and development, numbers and qualification of Ministry of Justice staff to use means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work consists of a study to detect prostate cancer using E-senses devices based on electronic tongue and electronic nose systems. Therefore, two groups of confirmed prostate cancer and control patients were invited to participate through urine and exhaled breath samples, where the control patients group was categorized as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Prostatitis, and Healthy patients. Afterward, the samples were subsequently classified using Pattern Recognition and machine learning methods, where the results were compared through clinical history, obtaining a 92.9% success rate in the PCa and control samples' classification accuracy by using eTongue and a 100% success rate of classification using eNose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower urinary tract dysfunction not only interferes with the health-related quality of life of patients but may also lead to acute kidney injury and infections. To assess the bladder, urodynamic studies (UDS) have been implemented but the use of catheters leads to discomfort for the patient. Catheter-free long-term UDS would be useful and a potential solution could be ambulatory wireless devices that communicate via telemetry. Such sensors can detect pressure or volume. Numerous types of potential catheter-free sensors have been proposed for bladder monitoring. Despite substantial innovation in the manufacturing of implantable biomedical electronic systems, such sensors have remained at the laboratory stage due to a number of critical challenges. These challenges primarily concern hermeticity and biocompatibility, sensitivity and artifacts, drift, telemetry, and energy management. Having overcome these challenges, catheter-free ambulatory urodynamic monitoring could combine a synchronized intravesical pressure sensor with a volume analyzer but only the steps of cystometry and volume measurement are currently sufficiently reproducible to simulate UDS results. The measurement of volume by infrared optical sensors, in the form of abdominal patches, appears to be promising and studies are underway to market a telemetric ambulatory urodynamic monitoring system that includes an intravesical pressure sensor. There has been considerable progress in wearable and conformable electronics on many fronts, and continued collaboration between engineers and urologists could quickly overcome current challenges. In addition, to the diagnosis of UDS, such sensors could be useful in the development of a long-term closed-loop neuromodulation system. In this review, we explore the various types of catheter-free bladder sensors, inherent challenges and solutions to overcome these challenges, and the clinical potential of such long-term implantable sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the performance evaluation for footballers in field as traditional way is turned to the electronic platforms. This is as a relative approach to the traditional ones that suffer from human errors or need special designed equipment and expensive software. Therefore, there is a need for simple and accurate electronic system to evaluate the performance of football players at training and matches sessions, this help coaches to work better during training and to enhance the identified weakness and guide training tasks based on quantative information. The optical tracking techniques are employed mainly for processing real-time and recorded football matches to track a footballer and getting the important data. In this paper, an optical tracking model is proposed for tracking footballers in non-real-time matches’ videos using OpenCV library. Different image processing operations have been performed to include the conversions, filtering, feature extraction and identification. Moreover, the proposed model collects the tracking parameters of a footballer to be saved in a built dataset, which represents the main contribution of the work. The obtained parameters include footballer speed, crossed distance, and activity counts of each player. The proposed model is tested over match videos with maximum 64 seconds time period with 1598 frames. The tracking of a footballer is proved by its high accuracy and applied on 15 videos to create new dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The rapid technological advancements of Industry 4.0 have influenced government politics, extending to the adoption of electronic voting in village head elections. In Sleman, e-voting was introduced in 2020, aiming for voting system efficiency and synchronization of population data, positioning the region as an e-voting pioneer in Indonesia. While e-voting offers efficiency and cost savings, it faces some problems. OBJECTIVES: This study endeavors to comprehensively assess the implementation of the e-voting system in village head elections and provide recommendations for its optimization, with a specific focus on the context of Sleman Regency. METHODS: This qualitative research encompasses data from 17 villages spread across 35 sub-districts within Sleman Regency. The study utilizes a comprehensive approach that includes secondary data analysis, incorporating literature, internet-based resources, scientific journals, books, regulations, and official documents. It further involves interviews with government officials at Sleman offices, officials at polling stations, and voters. Additionally, observational data is gathered to shed light on the intricate dynamics of e-voting. RESULTS: The evaluation focused on four pivotal aspects of the e-voting system's success: public trust, public participation, technology, and adherence to election principles. The findings reveal improved dynamics in 2021 when compared to 2020. Public trust in the e-voting system has notably increased, aligning with the relatively successful implementation in the previous year. While community participation has reached a satisfactory level, it has yet to attain full community control, with interesting nuances observed, particularly in less ‘advanced’ villages where participation tends to be lower. In the realm of technology, the e-voting system excels in terms of security, hardware reliability, the comprehensiveness of application features, and userfriendliness. CONCLUSION: The study underscores that the enhancement of e-voting systems presents an avenue to fortify democratic practices and electoral processes in Indonesia. Acknowledging imperfections in data collection systems and addressing participation disparities among villages should be prioritised. Furthermore, the study suggests that comprehensive future research is needed to evaluate the feasibility of extending e-voting systems to higher levels of government elections. This examination offers valuable insights into the evolution of e-voting in Indonesia and the prospects for its expansion in democratisation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents issues related to the reliability of power supply for electronic security devices in intelligent buildings. These systems function under varied environmental conditions and are exposed to external or internal natural and artificial interference; lightning, in particular. The authors conducted actual experimental tests of two surge arresters that are used to protect against a lightning impulse. As a result of conducted tests, followed by reliability and operational modelling, it was concluded that their use in internal connection structures increased the probability of a system staying in a state of full fitness. All of the deliberations included in the article enabled developing a new method for assessing the power supply continuity in electronic security systems of intelligent buildings, taking into account external natural interference. This method can also be applied to assess the power supply continuity in other electronic systems and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a new structure (0.5–18 GHz) with excellent phase noise characteristics and a fast switching speed is proposed. Ultra-wideband synthesizers with low phase noises and less spurious signals have been developed to be used as local oscillators and for built-in test (BIT) functions in the field of electronic warfare systems (EW), in which synthesizers are installed at the front-end of devices; this is accomplished by applying an SMT process using a packaged-type device. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of PLVCO (old) and DDS reference sources (new) based on two types of frequency synthesizers. At this time, different frequencies can be output from the two ports by different FPGA coding of the internal frequency plan according to the operating frequency. The main RF line will be made a dielectric substrate, RO4350, with a relative dielectric constant of 3.38 and a dielectric thickness of 0.508 mm. In the ultra-broadband synthesizer module, the phase noise of the DDS output (1.25 GHz) was −131 dBc/Hz at 10 KHz offset. The phase noise in the 18 GHz output is expected to be −105.9 dBc/Hz at 1 KHz offset. In particular, by proposing a structure for obtaining a wideband frequency using a single source (DDS), the structure secures reliability from the point of view of a system operating for a long time by implementing a similar circuit within a predictable range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who could have guessed 120 years ago, when electronic warfare (EW) was accidentally discovered, that it would have such a big impact on battlefield? For almost 30 years, after the cold war ended, electronic warfare was forgotten, but the war from Ukraine, revived it again. What’s in an electronic warfare system? It is an integrated, autonomous, portable or vehicle mounted electronic system, whether configured to attack, protect or support, must have a way to collect and make sense of the signals in its environment. Electronic warfare systems can be configured for a variety of different missions and use a lot of different subsystems. It must identify what’s out there, understand how it is using the spectrum, and determining if it is a threat. The system must then neutralize it and passes the threat data to the technique generator which determines how the system should respond to address the threat. For an electronic system to conduct electronic attack or electronic protect missions, it must be able to broadcast signals of its own to dominate the electromagnetic spectrum. Once a threat is analyzed, and a response generated, it is the ability of the EW system’s transmitters to precisely radiate electromagnetic energy that makes jamming, spoofing, deception and other electronic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eigenvectors of the reduced Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) Hamiltonian, Richardson–Gaudin (RG) states, are used as a variational wavefunction ansatz for strongly correlated electronic systems. These states are geminal products whose coefficients are solutions of non-linear equations. Previous results showed an un-physical apparent avoided crossing in ground state dissociation curves for hydrogen chains. In this paper, it is shown that each seniority-zero state of the molecular Coulomb Hamiltonian corresponds directly to an RG state. However, the seniority-zero ground state does not correspond to the ground state of a reduced BCS Hamiltonian. The difficulty is in choosing the correct RG state. The systems studied showed a clear choice, and we expect that it should always be possible to reason physically which state to choose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the experimental demonstration of the occurrence of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) in a single resonator by introducing a linear time-periodic variation of one of its components. This is in contrast with the requirement of two coupled resonators with parity time-symmetric systems with precise values of gain and loss. In the proposed scheme, only the tuning of the modulation frequency is required, which is easily achieved in electronic systems. The EPD is a point in a system parameters' space at which two or more eigenstates coalesce, and this leads to unique properties not occurring at other non-degenerate operating points. We show theoretically and experimentally the existence of a second-order EPD in a time-varying single resonator. Furthermore, we measure the sensitivity of the proposed system to a small structural perturbation and show that the two shifted system's eigenfrequencies are well detected even for relative perturbations of 0.3 % , with distinguished peaks well above the noise floor. We show that the regime of operation of the system at an EPD leads to a unique square-root-like sensitivity, which can devise new exceptionally sensitive sensors based on a single resonator by simply applying time modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]