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The 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa underscores the need for health care infection prevention and control (IPC) practices to be implemented properly and consistently to interrupt transmission of pathogens in health care settings to patients and health care workers. Training and assessing IPC practices in general health care facilities not designated as Ebola treatment units or centers became a priority for CDC as the number of Ebola virus transmissions among health care workers in West Africa began to affect the West African health care system and increasingly more persons became infected. CDC and partners developed policies, procedures, and training materials tailored to the affected countries. Safety training courses were also provided to U.S. health care workers intending to work with Ebola patients in West Africa. As the Ebola epidemic continued in West Africa, the possibility that patients with Ebola could be identified and treated in the United States became more realistic. In response, CDC, other federal components (e.g., Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response) and public health partners focused on health care worker training and preparedness for U.S. health care facilities. CDC used the input from these partners to develop guidelines on IPC for hospitalized patients with known or suspected Ebola, which was updated based on feedback from partners who provided care for Ebola patients in the United States. Strengthening and sustaining IPC helps health care systems be better prepared to prevent and respond to current and future infectious disease threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the reasons behind the Chinese Communist Party's fear of digital media and outlines its effects on the Party's approach to the internet. By closely examining the heavily-contested field of digital networked media, we see that the control of the internet in China is not only based on censorship but that the Party has been experimenting for some time with a variety of unusual quasi- democratic strategies, each of them designed to go beyond the need for censorship; each of them a new Party strategy to learn from its critics and win public consent for its rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and China both have powerful spy networks; completely different in their approaches to espionage; both effective against their perceived enemies. China focuses first on internal threats, on Taiwan and Hong Kong, and then the US and Japan. India’s defense policy focuses on Pakistan and internal terrorist threats, and then on China. In reality, however, when it comes to spying on each other, both China and India suffer from incompetence and apathy – which endangers both their own security and regional stability. This article looks at how they spy on each other, and asks why and how they need to improve. The narrative also touches upon some of the individuals who are waging the spy war, from India’s wily spymaster Ajit Doval down to junior Chinese agents such as Wang Qing and Pema Tsering. The two countries are not friends. They have the largest territorial dispute in the world on their hands, covering an area the size of North Korea, and they have large armies facing each other along 4000 kilometers of frontier. But they also lay claim to the world’s two oldest and richest civilizations, with a rich history of exchange, and now with a combined population of 2.6 billion people and more than a quarter of the world’s economic output. If they cooperated, they could solve many of the world’s problems; but if they lurch into conflict, the potential consequences are terrifying to contemplate. Unfortunately, despite their geographical closeness, they do not know much about each other. They have few cultural interchanges, little diplomacy, few trade missions. They do not watch each other’s films, read each other’s books or listen to each other’s music. Chinese tourists would rather fly to New Zealand for their holidays than cross the border to India, and Indian students would rather study in Europe than China. China and India are neighbors that barely talk to each other. Most significantly, they do not spy on each competently. For countries that do not interact socially, defensive understanding is important for security – but China prefers the glamor of facing up to its Pacific and other maritime rivals such as the US and Japan. India, for its part, does talk a great deal about the China threat, but its resources and expertise are wrapped up in controlling its security threat from Pakistan and the Islamic world. When China and India do try to spy on each other, it is often without the benefit of a long-term focus or understanding. India has some very skilled operatives within the Research and Analysis Wing, but few that specialize in China. China has an enormous pool of resources spread across several government departments, including the Ministry of Public Security, and also has extensive facilities and manpower in the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission (the JSD) and the new Strategic Support Force (the SSF). However, China’s intelligence services generally behave as if India is not worth spying on. Given that the two countries do not have the cultural or political machinery in place to understand each other, espionage and intelligence gathering is vital to ensure that miscalculations do not take place. This has been apparent over the last few years in stand-offs in the Himalaya, as well as top-level suspicions on each side about a variety of subjects including terrorism, covert operations in Sri Lanka and Burma, and the two countries’ nuclear weapons programs. Both countries do occasionally make efforts in espionage against each other, especially during sensitive periods such as the mountain stand-offs of 2014 and 2013 and during policy developments in nuclear warfare. In this article the author looks at actual spying incidents between the two countries, their methodologies, their staff, their technical capabilities, and how the act of spying, which is usually viewed as intrinsically adversarial, can be a force for good. The article relies on interviews with actual participants in intelligence from both countries as well as extensive use of contemporary online sources, and secondary analysis by both military and academic experts from China, India and NATO countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explains why powerful states develop capabilities for warfare in cyberspace. It argues that despite the apparent limited strategic utility of cyberspace, powerful states develop cyber capabilities to compete for military dominance in the international system. This argument is best explored using a neorealist framework because it provides the most compelling explanation for the competitive behavior of states in cyberspace. Three key implications can be derived from the study: the proliferation of capabilities for warfare in cyberspace is inevitable; powerful states will still dominate cyberspace; and cyberattacks may escalate to kinetic attacks due to the uncertainties regarding existing cyber capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: This study explores the experiences of family members in supporting community re-integration and return to productive occupations of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivor in order to: (i) describe family members’ supportive roles, (ii) determine challenges family members experience in supporting the TBI survivor; and (iii) identify supports that family members require to maintain and enhance their roles.Methods: This qualitative descriptive study involved 14 interviews with immediate family members of TBI survivors. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Family members expressed strong motivation and engaged in six key roles to support TBI survivors: researcher, case manager, advocate, coach, activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental ADLs and emotional supporter. Personal and family stressors and challenges navigating the health care system were perceived as challenges in meeting demands of their supportive roles. Stigma also presented a barrier to successful community and vocational re-integration. Subsequently, family members desired more education related to the functional implications of TBI, to be connected to health care and community resources, and sought a greater family-centred care approach.Conclusions: Family members require on-going counseling and community supports to prevent burnout and allow for their continued engagement in their supportive roles. Further education on how to navigate the health care system, access community programs and rights to workplace accommodation is also warranted.Implications for RehabilitationFamily members are strongly motivated to support survivors’ return to productive occupation following a traumatic brain injury, but require counseling and community support to enable their on-going engagement and prevent burnout.Family members can be further empowered through the implementation of family-centred care.Family members requested further education on the long-term functional implications of TBI, how to navigate the health care system, how to access community programs and workers’ rights to workplace accommodations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The importance of appropriate sample management in regulated bioanalysis is undeniable for clinical and non-clinical study support due to the fact that if the samples are compromised at any stage prior to analysis, the study results may be affected. Health authority regulations do not contain specific guidance on sample management; therefore, as part of the Global Bioanalysis Consortium (GBC), the A5 team was established to discuss sample management requirements and to put forward recommendations. The recommendations from the team concern the entire life span of the sample and include the following: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the much-contested "neuroscientific turn" in art history, taking the cues of the best of the turn while rejecting its false starts. The most promising transdisciplinary encounters spanning the brain sciences and the humanities begin from the premise that human experience is embodied, but the "body" itself is interwoven across biological, ecological, phenomenological, social and cultural planes. Certain media artworks critically engaged with neuroscience productively model such an approach. Taking Mariko Mori's brainwave interface and multimedia installation Wave UFO (1999-2002) as a case study, the author explores how works of art may complicate and augment brain science research as well as its dissemination into other social and cultural arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of studies related to gastroenterology including a comparison of accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, the normalization of serum alkaline phosphatase as a biomarker of decreased major adverse event risk in primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease as well as its risk factors.

The article presents several abstracts from the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine including on medical homes by veterans, pain management for veterans, and the care and services to older people.

Exaggerated fears about the paralysis of digital infrastructure and the loss of competitive advantage contribute to a spiral of mistrust in U.S.-China relations. In every category of putative Chinese cyber threat, there are also considerable Chinese vulnerabilities and Western advantages. China has inadvertently degraded the economic efficiency of its networks and exposed them to foreign infiltration by prioritizing political information control over technical cyber defense. Although China also actively infiltrates foreign targets, its ability to absorb stolen data is questionable, especially at the most competitive end of the value chain, where the United States dominates. Similarly, China's military cyber capacity cannot live up to its aggressive doctrinal aspirations, even as its efforts to guide national information technology development create vulnerabilities that more experienced U.S. cyber operators can attack. Outmatched by the West, China is resorting to a strategy of international institutional reform, but it benefits too much from multistakeholder governance to pose a credible alternative. A cyber version of the stability-instability paradox constrains the intensity of cyber interaction in the U.S.-China relationship-- and in international relations more broadly--even as lesser irritants continue to proliferate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the section winners of the Student Scholarship/Essay program including Section 1's Katrina Lapham from Belfasat Area High School in Maine, New England with Mark Babin, athletic administrator, Section 2's Eryn Quillen from Seaford High School in Delaware with Artie Uhlrich as athletic administrator, and Section 3's Emily DeMaio from Marist High School in Georgia, with Tommy Marshall, as athletic administrator.

China has long adhered to a principle of ‘non-interference’ in other states’ affairs. However, as more of its companies have been investing in projects overseas, and millions of its nationals are travelling abroad, Beijing is finding itself progressively involved in other countries – through the need to protect these interests and citizens. During the turmoil of the Arab Spring in 2011, China was compelled to evacuate more than 35,000 Chinese workers and expatriates from Libya, and later it led the hunt for the killers of 13 Chinese sailors in the Golden Triangle region of the Mekong River. In 2015, Beijing sent a combat battalion to join the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan, where it has huge oil ventures. Its plans to construct a New Silk Road will mean new commercial endeavours to protect in Pakistan. The shift in Chinese foreign policy towards a more interventionist approach abroad has not been the result of grand strategy, but an adjustment to unfolding events. The large risk appetite of state-owned Chinese business is inexorably drawing the Chinese state into security hotspots, and as China becomes a great power its people are openly calling on their government to protect compatriots caught in crises overseas, including via military means. While much attention has focused on Beijing's increasingly assertive behaviour in disputed Asian seas, this book highlights another equally important area of change, with potentially far-reaching consequences for international security. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article highlights the Expert Assessment Workshop on "Decadal Climate Variability and Cross-Scale Interactions" held by the International Commission on Climate (ICCL) of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in Beijing, China on April 16-17, 2013. Topics of the workshop include interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), anthropogenic climate change above natural decadal, and the Asian monsoon.

The United States increasingly relies on "soft law" and, in particular, on cooperation with foreign regulators to make domestic policy. The implementation of soft law at home is typically understood to depend on administrative law, as it is American agencies that implement the deals they conclude with their foreign counterparts. But that understanding has led courts and scholars to raise questions about whether soft law made abroad can possibly meet the doctrinal requirements of the domestic discipline. This Article proposes a new doctrinal understanding of soft law implementation. It argues that, properly understood, soft law implementation lies at the intersection of foreign relations law and administrative law. In light of the strong powers accorded to the executive under foreign relations law, this new understanding will strengthen the legitimacy and legality of soft law implementation and make it less subject to judicial challenge. Understanding that soft law is foreign relations law will further the domestic implementation of informal international agreements in areas as different as conflict diamonds, international financial regulation, and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights of the International Commission on Dynamical Meteorology International Workshop on Dynamics and Predictability of High-Impact Weather and Climate Events in Kunming, China on August 6-9, 2012. The workshop covered a range of dynamical meteorology, including monsoon systems, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations. Suggestions to improve dynamical study, modeling, and the prediction of high-impact weather and climate events are offered.

Byline: Carlton Moore, MD (Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, carlton.moore@mssm.edu); Jenny Lin, MD (Division of General Internal Medicine, [...]

Purpose: Several studies have suggested that the iliotibial (IT) band plays a role in knee laxity and that it may affect the magnitude of the pivot shift observed. However, the extent of the role played by the IT band, as well as its mechanism of action, is not currently known. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the effect of the IT band and the hip abduction angle on the magnitude of anterior tibial translation (ATT) during the pivot shift. Methods: Six fresh-frozen hip-to-toes specimens were used. Serial sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the IT band was performed. Lachman and mechanized pivot shift manoeuvres were employed at each stage, and ATT of the lateral and medial compartments was measured using navigation. Three hip abduction angles were tested for each condition: 0°, 15° and 30°. Results: Sequential sectioning of the ACL and the IT band resulted in a significant increase in ATT in both the lateral (Intact = 0 ± 0.5 mm; ACL deficient = 8.1 ± 0.2 mm; ACL + IT deficient = 10.8 ± 0.3 mm) and medial (Intact = 6.7 ± 0.4 mm; ACL deficient = 8.4 ± 0.3 mm; ACL + IT deficient = 9.9 ± 0.3 mm) compartments. No significant increase in ATT was observed after changing the hip abduction angle at each stage. Conclusions: An increase in the magnitude of the pivot shift and the Lachman was observed as the constraint of the IT band was removed. Additionally, it was shown that the hip abduction angle at which the pivot shift test was performed did not significantly affect the magnitude of ATT in this cadaveric model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential rise in genomics research over the past decade has yielded a growing number of sequence variants associated with medication response that may have clinical utility. Despite existing barriers, attention is turning to strategies that integrate these data into clinical care. The CLIPMERGE PGx Program is establishing a best‐practices infrastructure for the implementation of genome‐informed prescribing using a biobank‐derived clinical cohort, preemptive genetic testing, and real‐time clinical decision support deployed through the electronic health record. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 94 2, 214–217. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.72 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article narrates the development, organization, and execution of a robotics-based outreach program designed to ignite K?12 students? interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and attract them toward engineering careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act is a study in contrasts. On the one hand, Dodd-Frank transforms the U.S. approach to derivatives regulation from a lasses-faire, almost no oversight paradigm into one featuring heavy supervision, supervision focused on the safety and soundness of derivatives markets participants. The commitments to capital and margin requirements, clearinghouses and international cooperation reflect a European vision of financial intermediaries as heavily regulated utilities, rather than the more traditionally American willingness to tolerate the speculative aspects of capital markets. On the other hand, the tools that Dodd-Frank employs to pursue safety and soundness draw inspiration from those that private market actors have employed for centuries. Adopting a more heavily regulated banking paradigm for the formerly (mostly) unregulated derivatives markets, but using market based tools to advance the goals of safety and soundness, might seem like two regulatory reforms working at cross-purposes. However, it may be a sign that real changes in the United States' vision of well-functioning derivatives markets--providing options for sophisticated investors, but not ones laden with hidden systemic risk--are being pursued incrementally, even after comprehensive regulatory reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene overexpression has been identified as a primary determining factor for the distinct Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes. Previous genetic research has identified a spectrum of gene expressions responsible for many of the observed traits in DS patients including cardiovascular, brain, and GI anomalies. However, the molecular/genetic basis underlying pulmonary anomalies are yet to be identified, even though respiratory complications represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DS patients. In this article, we will discuss the Etiopathogenesis and spectrum of pulmonary anomalies in DS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic pulmonary fusion (HPF) is characterized by a fibrous connection between the liver and lung tissue. We present two cases of hepatic pulmonary fusion diagnosed with right diaphragmatic hernia and a third case with Pentalogy of Cantrell exhibiting complete agenesis of the diaphragm and finger-like projections of liver adhered to the right lung. It has been proposed that this anomaly is secondary to developmental failure of the mesoderm between days 14-18 after conception and is attributed to diaphragmatic maldevelopment. Understanding the molecular-genetic basis of diaphragmatic hernias may shed light on this unusual presentation and explain why other cases show no fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma is a rare osseous tumor that primarily arises in the long bones of children and adolescents. This lesion can grow quickly and reach a considerable size, despite its benign nature. It has proved challenging to diagnose and can be mistaken for a spectrum of benign and malignant bone tumors. The histological presentation of unique epiphyseal plate-like cartilage with destruction of the surrounding cortical bone and exhibition of dense fibrous stroma are important indicators for the diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma. An 11-year-old boy presented with a left proximal humerus mass thought to be an aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient was lost to follow-up and came back 3 years later with massive growth of the lesion. Owing to the aggressive nature of the tumor, a left forequarter amputation was performed. Histological examination demonstrated numerous islands of cartilage with an exuberant spindle cell component characteristic of FCM. No distant metastases or local recurrences were identified at 2 years post-amputation. Because of the rapid growth of this lesion, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions in children and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The No Child Left Behind Act (2001) requires that all students, including those with disabilities, to make adequate yearly progress in the general education curriculum. To ensure that this occurs, effective practices are needed that fit the classroom needs of teachers and result in improved academic gains. One practice that shows promise as an effective classroom practice is guided notes. The purpose of this article is to examine research on the effectiveness of guided notes. For this review, 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicate that using guided notes has a positive effective on student outcomes, as this practice has been shown to improve accuracy of note taking and student test scores. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for classroom practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroepitaxial growths of Zn1-xCdxO films were performed on R-oriented sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The authors carried out secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and ellipsometric measurements to investigate the incorporation of cadmium in the layers, as well as its influence on the optical properties. Compositions up to 5.5% Cd were obtained, tuning the photoluminescence emission from 3.36 (ZnO) to 3.1 eV and increasing the refractive index at 600 nm from 1.94 to 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ a novel approach to identify overbidding in auctions. We compare online auction prices to fixed prices for the same item on the same webpage. In detailed data on auctions of a board game, 42 percent of auctions exceed the simultaneous fixed price. The result replicates in a broad cross-section of auctions (48 percent overbidding). A small fraction of overbidders, 17 percent of bidders, suffices to generate the large fraction of auctions with overbidding. We show that the observed behavior is inconsistent with rational behavior, even allowing for uncertainty about prices and switching costs, since the expected auction price also exceeds the fixed price. Limited attention best explains our results. (JEL D12, D44) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of p53 in the prevention of development of embryos damaged by genotoxic factors is well recognized. However, whether p53 plays an analogous role in preventing birth defects from genetic mutations remains an unanswered question. Genetic screens for mutations affecting development show that only a fraction of developmentally lethal mutations leads to specific phenotypes while the majority results in similar recurrent phenotypes characterized by neuronal apoptosis and developmental delay. Mutations in cell-essential genes typically fall into this group. The observation that mutations in diverse housekeeping genes lead to a similar phenotype suggests a common mechanism underlying this phenotype. For some mutants, p53 inhibition was shown to attenuate the phenotype. Methodology/Principal Findings: To find out how common p53 involvement is in this phenotype, we analyzed zebrafish mutants from various categories of cell essential genes. Several thousand zebrafish mutants have been identified; many of them are kept at stock centers and available for the research community. We selected mutants for genes functioning in DNA replication, transcription, telomere maintenance, ribosome biogenesis, splicing, chaperoning, endocytosis, and cellular transport. We found that mutants have similar phenotypes including neural apoptosis, failure to develop structures originated from the neural crest cells, and hematopoietic defects. All mutants share p53 upregulation and similar changes in several p53-dependent and independent molecular pathways. Conclusion/Significance: Our results suggest that mutations in housekeeping genes often canalize on the p53-mediated phenotype. p53 prevents the development of embryos with defects in such genes. p53-mediated changes in gene expression may also contribute to many human congenital malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information related to the "Journal of General Internal Medicine" (JGIM). It states that the JGIM featured new columns which include From the Editor's Desk, Exercises in Clinical Reasoning, and Healing Arts. It says that JGIM will renew the Innovations in Medical Education, provide article series on health policy, and collaborate with the "Annals of Internal Medicine." It also presents the lists of JGIM reviewers from 2009-2010 including Elmer Abbo, Lisa Hess, and Jenny Yi.

The article presents a list of reviews for issues of "International Journal of Science Education" published in 2009, including Fouad Abd-El-Khalick, Eleanor Abrams, and Robert Abrams.

Background: Trainees struggle with the evaluation and management of inpatient clinical ethical dilemmas. Aim: To meet their needs for both conceptual clarification and practical management, we designed a program to teach medical residents a systematic approach to resolving clinical ethical dilemmas. Methods: We instituted monthly resident ethics educational case conferences to clarify residents' understanding of key concepts of medical ethics and to teach an 8-step systematic approach to resolving ethical dilemmas. We surveyed learners on the appropriateness, immediate utility, and potential for future usefulness of the approach. Results: The vast majority of residents found the approach to be applicable and helpful with clinical decisions and interactions with patients and their family members. Conclusions: Teaching residents to use a systematic approach in understanding and resolving ethical dilemmas can facilitate their management of the ethical dilemmas that arise in clinical practice. Providing trainees with a concise structure for the thought process involved gives them confidence in their ability to address the issues directly and to act for reasons that are explicit, transparent, and reflect medical professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who the authors would like to thank for their assistance in reviewing the papers published in the "Journal of General Internal Medicine" are presented.

We passively warmed tundra on the Antarctic Peninsula over four growing seasons and assessed its effect on dry mass and C and N stocks associated with the vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis (a cushion-forming forb) and Deschampsia antarctica (a tussock grass), and mosses. Temperature treatments involved a warmed treatment that raised diurnal and diel canopy air temperatures by 2.3 and 1.3 °C, respectively, and a near-ambient temperature treatment that raised diurnal and diel temperatures by 0.2 °C. These two different temperature regimes were achieved by wrapping filters around the frames to different extents and were nested within three UV treatments that filtered different solar UV wavebands. The experiment also included an ambient control treatment (unfiltered frames), and supplemental water and fertilizer treatments (applied to unfiltered frames). After four growing seasons, we collected cores of each vascular plant species and assessed the mass and C and N content of the aboveground current-year biomass, the litter layer (which included nongreen live stems), and the organic soil horizon (which included roots). The thin nature of the organic soil horizon allowed us to sample this complete horizon and estimate near-total ecosystem C and N stocks. A comparison of the warmed and near-ambient temperature treatments found that warming led to greater aboveground biomass of C. quitensis, and more C in the aboveground biomass of both vascular plant species. Warming resulted in lower N concentrations of the aboveground biomass of both species. The water use efficiency of both species was greater under warming, based on their higher δ13C values. The mass of the litter layer under C. quitensis was greater under warming, and this layer contained more C and N and had a higher C : N ratio. The mass of the organic soil horizon under both species was greater under warming, and this horizon also contained more C and N. Warming also changed the species composition of the plant community – cover of C. quitensis increased while that of mosses declined. Warming resulted in the input of biomass into the system that had greater C : N ratios (and was likely more recalcitrant to decomposition) because (1) warming increased the C : N ratio of the biomass produced by both vascular plant species, (2) these inputs increased with warming because of greater biomass production, and (3) increases in C. quitensis cover led to greater biomass inputs by this species and its biomass had a greater C : N ratio than D. antarctica. Water or fertilizer supplements had few effects on aboveground biomass or C and N concentrations or pools, consistent with the relatively wet maritime climate and high soil nutrient levels of this system. Total C pools in the aboveground biomass, litter, and organic soil horizon were greater under warming. Warmed plots contained from 272 to 319 g m−2 more C than plots under near-ambient temperatures, corresponding to a 23–34% increase in ecosystem C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 2006 conversation with composer Donnacha Dennehy, James Tenney discusses his music and compositional career. Works discussed range from the pivotal electronic piece For Ann (rising) to recent works like Song’n’Dance for Harry Partch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory-of-mind (ToM) abilities were studied in 176 deaf children aged 3 years 11 months to 8 years 3 months who use either American Sign Language (ASL) or oral English, with hearing parents or deaf parents. A battery of tasks tapping understanding of false belief and knowledge state and language skills, ASL or English, was given to each child. There was a significant delay on ToM tasks in deaf children of hearing parents, who typically demonstrate language delays, regardless of whether they used spoken English or ASL. In contrast, deaf children from deaf families performed identically to same-aged hearing controls ( N=42). Both vocabulary and understanding syntactic complements were significant independent predictors of success on verbal and low-verbal ToM tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes whether single establishment firms or companies with multiple worksites account for more of growth in employment in the U.S. The analysis is based on the longitudinal data that are underpinnings of the Business Employment Dynamics from March 1992-March 2004. The article classifies employers as single-versus multi-establishment firms, which are further broken down into continuous establishments and newly opened or closed establishments. During the March 1992 through March 2003 period, single establishment employers made up an average 43 percent of all employment while multi-establishment employers represented 57 percent of employment. Over the entire period, single establishment firms account for 75 percent of the job growth and multi-establishment firms account for 25 percent. During the expansion and contraction periods, both single continuous establishments and net of openings minus closings of single establishments showed consistent growth. Unlike single firms, during the expansion period, multi-establishment firms had approximately equal growth between the multi-continuous establishments and the net openings minus closings of establishments.