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Distinct to expatriate managers at the subsidiary-level, inpatriate managers' influence at the headquarter (HQ)-level is controlled by the extent to which an inpatriate manager is able to ‘win’ status from HQ personnel. The primary goal of the paper is to conceptualize how organizational support, in the form of global talent management (GTM) practices, can alleviate inpatriates' difficulties in building social capital at HQ. Building social capital at HQ is vital for inpatriates to attain status in order to build the inter-unit social capital that enables them to pursue their boundary-spanning role across HQs and subsidiaries. Status inconsistency theory is put forward to recognize the personal, professional and structural incongruence of events and activities at HQ carried out with respect to inpatriates. We argue that inpatriate managers become empowered at HQ only when social capital is accumulated whereby social capital is driven by an acknowledgment of inpatriates as a legitimate staffing option. The relationship between GTM practices and social capital building needs to be managed properly by inpatriates themselves as well as by the organization. A future research agenda helping to build social capital of inpatriates through GTM infrastructure is discussed and propositions are offered throughout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – As the internationalization process dictates the existence of cross-country networks it is essential to explore avenues that allow emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) to share and receive knowledge that can benefit them locally and globally. The purpose of this paper is to explore this conundrum by addressing the significance of creating a global mindset in individuals and across the multinational corporation. In the paper the authors articulate the mechanisms that influence global managers’ abilities to engage effectively with other global managers across borders. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual and theoretical piece. Findings – The authors argued that global managers engage in reciprocal learning processes to obtain new, innovative knowledge about other countries’ environments and business practices. The authors furthermore suggest that the effectiveness of new knowledge creation is dependent upon the appropriate input, throughput, and output competencies of those involved in the reciprocal learning process. Originality/value – Proper people management plays a crucial role in fostering an environment where employees’ commitment will lead to organizational innovation. Propositions foreshadowing in the new, innovative knowledge creation process across cultural and personal levels are articulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A democratic federation's character may be importantly determined by the particular character of its electoral federalism. For the United States, “political safeguards” theorists provided foundational insights into the implications of interdependencies between state and federal officials, but were too casual in their remarks about election law as a de minimis contribution to federalism. In fact, the constitutional default of state legislative control over congressional redistricting and most other procedural election law has created powerful incentives for federal deference to state officials. This dependency may have created a tendency to respect the institutional prerogatives of state governments, though the relationship is dynamic and contingent, interacting with other factors such as the prevalence of divided party government at the national and state levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the study which examines the ethnic nationalism and political community in Japan and Korea. The study reveals a substantial assymmetry in the sense that both Japanese and South Korean state authorities react to the issue of voting rights. Japan respond to the said challenge by resorting to arguments grounded in the ethnic perspective of political belonging. Despite occasional references to ethno-cultural questions, the reluctance of the state to enfranchise its overseas citizens is greater in South Korea. It is suggested that even in modern democracies characterised, it is noted in the study that there may be an overlap between the manner national and political communities are delineated.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a worldwide distribution. In both sheep and humans, if the parasite is encountered during pregnancy, fetal infection and abortion can occur. Therefore, Toxoplasma infection in sheep has a major economic impact upon sheep farming. Clinically, there is a need to distinguish recent (acute) infections from longstanding (chronic) infections. However, current serological techniques, such as detection of anti- T. gondii IgG, cannot discriminate between acute and chronic infections. Increasing immunoglobulin avidity is a good determining factor of how recent an infection is. In this study, we describe the application and validation of a T. gondii IgG avidity ELISA, based on the use of an affinity-purified, native T. gondii P30 antigen. The assay was used to examine sera from eight sheep experimentally infected with T. gondii and found that all seroconverted within 21 days post-infection (p.i.), beginning with avidities that were initially low but that increased over time, with all sheep reaching high IgG avidity within 10 weeks p.i. In addition, sera from clinically healthy but T. gondii-seropositive lambs and ewes and seropositive ewes with a history of abortion were also subjected to a preliminary serological investigation. High IgG avidities were found in 80% of the seropositive lambs, in 90% of the clinically healthy ewes and in 97% of the ewes with abortion problems. These findings indicate that the animals had most likely contacted the parasite a longer time ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section presents articles in the field of public opinion research. The paper, Candidate Equilibrium and the Best Behavioral Model of the Vote by Robert S. Erikson and David W. Romero, applies spatial modeling to the problem of electoral competition. In an extension of previous research, a probabilistic model of the vote increasing the likelihood of an equilibrium is proposed. Simulations using data from the 1988 U.S. National Election Study confirm the theoretical model. In Economic Beliefs and Human Values: Further Evidence of the Two-Value Model? by Patrick C. L. Heaven, the value system of Australian adults is investigated. It is hypothesized that beliefs and values can be distinguished in terms of a two-value model. The results support the hypothesis. People with left- and right-wing economic beliefs could be distinguished by their support for different human values. The article, Constancy of Legislative Perceptions of Constituency Opinion: French Socialist Candidates in 1967 and 1978 by Roy Pierce and Thomas R. Rochon, further develops the implications of the Miller-Stokes model of constituency representation. It explores the extent to which there was a constancy between two generation of candidates of the French Socialist party from the same constituencies. The data were put together from personal interviews with the candidates shortly after the election. The results show the extent to which candidates base their perceptions of district opinions on the political compositions of their constituencies.

From Nightingale forward, nursing has understood that interaction of person, nurse, and environment facilitates optimal outcomes. Yet, there remains a need for research on the paradigm concept of environment and creation of a healing environment. This classical, grounded theory study aimed to identify (1) strategies Christian nurses used to create a healing environment and enhance well-being, (2) outcomes they perceived resulting from these strategies, and (3) factors they regarded as either enhancing or inhibiting the creation of the healing environments. A criterion-based, purposive sample of Christian nurses (N = 15) was interviewed between June 2013 and January 2014 until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using constant comparative methods in consultation with a grounded theory expert. "Charting the healing path," the core category, consists of four phases: helping patients get better, fostering the healing environment, charting a healing path, and observing outcomes. The "charting the healing path" model informs development of the environment domain of nursing knowledge. Knowing the patient, the juncture of nurse and patient points of view, and the resultant nurse–patient partnership promote best potential outcomes to be realized incrementally during, and after, hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]