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The article focuses on the copyright law in the U.S. regarding computer softwares. It states that the recent changes of copyright law in the U.S. is particularly abundant in contradictions resulting from the pressure exerted by new information technologies and by the requirements of an information economy. Title 17 of the U.S. legal code specifies "copies" as "material objects," from which the work can be comprehended, reproduced and communicated either directly or with the help of machine. However, the development of the mechanical and electronic gadgets in the 20th century has made the distinction between work and copy even more problematic. One key case with continuous consequences in the status of the computer software is the 1908 "White-Smith Music Publishing Co v Apollo Co."

Focuses on the availability of various software packages for MIC simulation in the U.S. Exploration of various possible circuit simulations of planar passive circuit cells; Prices of the computer softwares; Specifications of the software.

Provides information on several computer softwares for teachers, librarians and students in the United States. `Exploring Inspiration'; `Mapmaker's Toolkit'; `Spelling Spree'; `George Washington: First of Men'; `Vowels: Short and Long.'

Since the Nobel prize-winning discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in 1998, considerable money,has been invested in the investigation of therapeutic potential of RNA interference (RNAi) and its,application in human diseases. Encouraging results of ongoing clinical trials for the treatment,of age-related macular degeneration and respiratory syncytial virus have further propelled the investment, research, and hope for a promising outcome. Due to the astonishing efforts in this field, more than 13 siRNA-based formulations are now being evaluated in clinical trials, more than 80 patents have been granted, and more than 500 patent applications have been published in 2009 in the United States alone. Despite this brisk growth, the application of RNAi therapeutics requires the development of safe, effective, and clinically suitable delivery carriers. This review highlights the evolution of siRNA technology, need of siRNA in therapeutics with specific focus on delivery challenges and clinical status, and an overview of its patent thrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several computer softwares from Autodesk Inc. in the U.S. Specification of the Map 5 computer software; Price of the Raster Design 3 software; Usability of the OnSite software to several nontechnical workers.

Presents books published by several publishers related to computer softwares. 'The 10 Secrets for Web Success,' published by U.S. based Ventana Corp.; 'Dummies 101,' published by IDG Books Worldwide Inc.

Functional restoration of forests can be addressed as a combined socioeconomic and ecological complex system that involves both spatial and temporal hierarchies. Neither socioeconomic nor ecological systems are stable or have any central control or organization. Instead, they can change at different scales in many ways and be more or less vibrant—and more or less useful to people for different values. Restoration can direct these changes by determining what to control at each hierarchical level and what to allow to change on its own at a given time. Restoration at longer times and broader spatial scales involves much imprecision and uncertainty and is done with a few, careful controls. These controls are passed to each smaller spatial and temporal scale and other, more specific controls are added. Much has changed since most United States forest policies were instituted, so many of these policies need to be reevaluated. Rather than repeat policies and practices that worked in the past, we can look for new restoration solutions that are in line with our current understanding of complex systems. Many old forestry policies in the United States need changing to restore the forest functions in ways helpful to people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]