49 results
Search Results
2. Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach.
- Author
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Spence, Christopher, He, Zhihua, Shook, Kevin R., Mekonnen, Balew A., Pomeroy, John W., Whitfield, Colin J., and Wolfe, Jared D.
- Subjects
GRASSLANDS ,PRAIRIES ,CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,HYDROLOGY ,WATER use - Abstract
Significant challenges from changes in climate and land use face sustainable water use in the Canadian Prairies ecozone. The region has experienced significant warming since the mid-20th century, and continued warming of an additional 2 ∘ C by 2050 is expected. This paper aims to enhance understanding of climate controls on Prairie basin hydrology through numerical model experiments. It approaches this by developing a basin-classification-based virtual modelling framework for a portion of the Prairie region and applying the modelling framework to investigate the hydrological sensitivity of one Prairie basin class (High Elevation Grasslands) to changes in climate. High Elevation Grasslands dominate much of central and southern Alberta and parts of south-western Saskatchewan, with outliers in eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. The experiments revealed that High Elevation Grassland snowpacks are highly sensitive to changes in climate but that this varies geographically. Spring maximum snow water equivalent in grasslands decreases 8 % ∘ C -1 of warming. Climate scenario simulations indicated that a 2 ∘ C increase in temperature requires at least an increase of 20 % in mean annual precipitation for there to be enough additional snowfall to compensate for enhanced melt losses. The sensitivity in runoff is less linear and varies substantially across the study domain: simulations using 6 ∘ C of warming, and a 30 % increase in mean annual precipitation yields simulated decreases in annual runoff of 40 % in climates of the western Prairie but 55 % increases in climates of eastern portions. These results can be used to identify those areas of the region that are most sensitive to climate change and highlight focus areas for monitoring and adaptation. The results also demonstrate how a basin classification-based virtual modelling framework can be applied to evaluate regional-scale impacts of climate change with relatively high spatial resolution in a robust, effective and efficient manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Identifying the gaps: A scoping review of urban Indigenous health and wellness studies in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. .
- Author
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Hayward, Ashley, Cidro, Jaime, and Roulette, Coreen
- Subjects
- *
URBAN planning , *MATERNAL health , *SEXUAL health - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize past urban Indigenous health and wellness studies conducted in Manitoba and Saskatchewan from 1996 to 2018 as part of a larger project to develop community-driven research platforms that focus on Indigenous health. Using the scoping review methodology, this paper presents literature from 13 databases in six categories: chronic disease, preventative and population health, maternal health, sexual health, traditional health and medicine, and the determinants of health proposed by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). This paper will be used as a first step to direct future research topics for communities and researchers by identifying research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
4. The potential of growing soybean in Saskatchewan and its irrigation water needs under climate change scenarios—a modelling study.
- Author
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Qian, Budong, Bonsal, Barrie, Jing, Qi, Smith, Ward, Jégo, Guillaume, Zhang, Yinsuo, Brannen, Rosa, Grant, Brian, and Crépeau, Marianne
- Subjects
IRRIGATION water ,BLACK cotton soil ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CROP yields ,DRY farming ,CLIMATE change ,SOYBEAN industry ,SOYBEAN - Abstract
The soybean industry in Canada is seeking opportunities to expand cultivation due to economic and environmental benefits of growing soybean. Climate projections indicate that soybean expansion into Saskatchewan would be possible with the increases in the available crop heat units under a future warmer climate; however, crop water availability could limit yields. Using a crop growth model, we simulated soybean yields within the Canadian Regional Agricultural Model regions in Saskatchewan for the near-term (2030s), mid-term (2050s), and distant future (2070s) periods under different climate scenarios. Soybean yields were simulated without water stress (potential yield), with water stress (rainfed yield), and under full and partial irrigation scenarios. Irrigation water needs were estimated under the irrigation scenarios and irrigation water availability was discussed. Our results suggest that reasonable and likely more profitable yields (∼2000–2500 kg ha
−1 ) can be achieved under rainfed conditions in the Black soil zone neighbouring Manitoba but soybean production would be less favourable in the Dark Brown soil zone and least favourable in the Brown soil zone. Northeastern regions in the Black soil zone were found to be suitable for growing soybean cultivars in the maturity group (MG) 0 in the distant future and MG 00 in the mid-term under the medium–high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Soybean would still not be suitable in the northwestern region. Our results indicate that regions in central Saskatchewan requiring 120–170 mm of irrigation are more likely to benefit from the proposed Lake Diefenbaker Irrigation Projects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Influence of Canadian provincial stewardship model attributes on the cost effectiveness of e-waste management.
- Author
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Tasnim, Anica, Chowdhury, Rumpa, Mim, Sharmin Jahan, Ng, Kelvin Tsun Wai, and Adu-Darko, Hillary
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC waste , *COST effectiveness , *WASTE management , *CANADIAN provinces , *BUDGET , *PROVINCES - Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of e-waste collection and management trends across six Canadian provinces, focusing on e-waste collection rates, provincial stewardship model attributes, program strategies and budget allocations from 2013 to 2020. Temporal and regression analyses were conducted using data from Electronic Product Recycling Association reports. A group characterization based on geographical proximity is proposed, aiming to explore the potential outcomes of fostering collaboration among neighboring provinces. The analysis emphasizes the significant impact of stewardship model attributes on e-waste collection rates, with Quebec emerging as a standout case, showcasing a remarkable 61.5% surge in collection rates. Findings from group analysis reveal a positive correlation between per capita e-waste collection rate and the growth of businesses and collection sites in Western Canada (Group A - British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). This highlights the potential benefits of a coordinated waste management approach, emphasizing the importance of shared resources and collaborative policies. Saskatchewan and Manitoba allocated only 6.6% and 7.0% of their respective budgets to e-waste transfer and storage. British Columbia's observed steady decrease of e-waste collection rate. In Group A, stewards handled 2.18–13.95 tonnes of e-waste during the study period. The cost per tonne of e-waste tended to be lower when more e-waste is managed per steward, suggesting the potential benefits of an integrated e-waste collection and management system. [Display omitted] • Six Canadian e-waste stewardship models from 2013 to 2020 were examined. • E-waste collection rates were gradually declining in Canada jurisdictions. • Collection site density, expenditure, efficiency may have affected collection rates. • Eastern and western stewardships had different operational characteristics. • Region-specific collaborative approach may improve stewardship effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Feasibility of Evidence-Based Social and Emotional Learning in Prairie Canadian Schools.
- Author
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Kilborn, Kayla, Newton Montgomery, Janine, Li, Johnson, Shooshtari, Shahin, Roy, Rachel, Cheri, Breanna, Tze, Virginia, and Gaulke, Taryn
- Subjects
SOCIAL emotional learning ,JOB stress ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
This study examined opportunities and barriers for implementing evidence-based Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs in Prairie Canadian Schools. Educators from Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta completed an online survey on SEL feasibility and reported on five feasibility domains: (1) attitudes about SEL, (2) knowledge about SEL, (3) job stress, (4) resources for implementing SEL, and (5) SEL practices. Results indicated that positive attitudes toward SEL significantly predicted increased perceived feasibility for evidence-based SEL implementation. Additionally, both knowledge and access to resources predicted increased SEL practice by Prairie Canadian educators. Analyses for open-ended responses paralleled quantitative results. Specifically, Canadian educators had positive views about SEL programing, but like previous research conducted in other countries, indicated that they require better access to SEL training, and resources (e.g., more time to plan and teach SEL, funding and program materials). A unique Canadian context-related finding from this study was that some Prairie Canadian educators indicated a paucity of French materials for SEL programs, which impeded implementation. In order to effectively implement evidence-based SEL in Prairie Canadian schools, policy makers must address the indicated barriers for Canadian educators, such as increased SEL training and resources, and easy access to appropriate French materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Managing the Public Sector-- Automobile Insurance in Western Canada.
- Author
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Roos Jr., L.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE insurance ,AUTOMOBILE insurance policies ,LIABILITY insurance ,LIABILITY insurance policies - Abstract
Public automobile insurance programs in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and British Columbia raise a number of questions of equity and efficiency. This paper examines the programs from several different viewpoints, comparing the actuarial categories, rate structures, and incentives in the public insurance provinces with those in Alberta. Suggestions are offered for improving the equity and efficiency of the programs. Questions of openness of information and organizational learning are discussed on the basis of Saskatchewan and Manitoba experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. "We Know Who We Are": Reflections on Métis Youth Identity, Health and Well-Being.
- Author
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Gabel, Chelsea, Henry, Robert, Nychuk, Alexandra, Hartmann, Sage, and LaVallee, Amanda
- Subjects
METIS ,WELL-being ,DIGITAL storytelling ,SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
The purpose of this article is to gain insight into the ways in which M'etis youth describe, understand, and express their identity and how this relates to their overall health and well-being. There has been a lack of opportunity for M'etis to identify and control depictions of themselves. As part of a larger intergener-ational digital storytelling research project, this research under-took a community-engaged, arts and strengths-based approach using semi-structured interviews and digital stories with M'etis from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta to identify how they have come to understand what it means to be M'etis today in Canada. The findings of this study reaffirm an explicit connection between M'etis youth's identity and their overall health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. "Years ago": reconciliation and First Nations narratives of tuberculosis in the Canadian Prairie Provinces.
- Author
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Komarnisky, Sara, Hackett, Paul, Abonyi, Sylvia, Heffernan, Courtney, and Long, Richard
- Subjects
HISTORY of tuberculosis ,TUBERCULOSIS prevention ,TUBERCULOSIS treatment ,COMMUNITIES ,EXPERIENCE ,HEALTH services accessibility ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,INTERVIEWING ,ISOLATION (Hospital care) ,MAPS ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEALTH policy ,RESEARCH funding ,TUBERCULOSIS ,MEDICAL care of indigenous peoples ,RELOCATION ,HEALTH of indigenous peoples ,HEALTH literacy ,DISEASE eradication ,ATTITUDES toward illness - Abstract
For First Nations tuberculosis (TB) patients in the Prairie Provinces, the past matters. In this paper, we draw on the analysis of historical statements made by 20 First Nations interviewees with infectious TB to explore the function of talking about the past in relation to a current diagnosis of TB and the implications of historicity on contemporary TB prevention, programming and care. Despite interviewees not being asked directly about past contexts of TB treatment, they talked about historical topics such as the removal of First Nations TB patients from communities for treatment in distant sanatoria, painful and invasive surgical procedures once used to treat TB, and the attitudes that persist due to the ongoing failure to eliminate TB from First Nations communities. In these narratives, past experiences of TB treatment are intimately connected to present-day experiences and context. What happened 'years ago' profoundly affects the health and well-being of people diagnosed with TB today. Attempts to eliminate TB among First Nations peoples in Canada must also address its historical legacy. Understanding the contemporary effects of past TB treatment and mistreatment among First Nations peoples in the Prairie Provinces can also be seen as part of a larger project of truth and reconciliation in Canada, which involves both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. 'The people must have plenty of good books': The Lady Tweedsmuir Prairie Library Scheme, 1936-40.
- Author
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Little, Geoffrey
- Subjects
PUBLIC libraries ,RURAL libraries ,READING promotion ,HISTORY of books & reading ,LIBRARIES ,BOOK distribution programs ,HISTORY - Abstract
Between 1936 and 1940, the Lady Tweedsmuir Prairie Library Scheme sent approximately 40,000 books to readers in rural areas of the western Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Founded and directed by Susan Buchan, Lady Tweedsmuir, the wife of the Governor General of Canada, after visiting Depression-ravaged Prairie communities, the Scheme received the support of philanthropic foundations in Canada and the United States, the Women's Institute, women's service organizations, and individual donors of books. While the Scheme is mentioned in passing in biographies and local histories, little is known about the scope and scale of its activities or how it was organized or operated. Using primary and archival sources in Canada and the United States, this paper explores the history of the Scheme and its role in the distribution of books, the promotion of literacy, and the creation of libraries in the Canadian West during the Great Depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Custody, Control, and Confusion: Legal, Historical, and Territorial Aspects of Court Records in Ontario.
- Author
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BELTON, TOM
- Subjects
- *
COUNTY courts , *SUPERIOR courts , *COURT records - Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of Ontario's superior and county courts and their records in their legislative context up to the present. It examines issues of ambiguity, complexity, and outright confusion that have surrounded the custody, control, and preservation of court records. It provides a short example of the disposition of the records of one county court in Ontario - the County of Middlesex - during a time of transition from local to central authority in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The paper concludes that judicial control of court records remains a firmly entrenched legal concept in Ontario as elsewhere, albeit alongside a strengthening provincial custodial role that has supplanted local involvement due to forty years of centralization in courts administration and records management. This has occurred despite the continued absence of references to court records in current Ontario legislation, which should be corrected based on models from other provinces such as Manitoba and Saskatchewan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
12. A beginner-friendly key to the spider families (Arachnida: Araneae) known from the Canadian Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba).
- Author
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Kent, Kirra, Pinzon, Jaime, and Proctor, Heather
- Subjects
SPIDERS ,CANADIAN provinces ,ARACHNIDA ,NUMBERS of species ,FAMILIES ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
The Canadian Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) are home to species from 29 of the 45 spider families currently found in Canada. Here we provide a beginner-friendly dichotomous key to the spider families of the Canadian Prairies. The key includes numerous photos, line drawings, and simplified definitions of anatomical characters necessary for family-level identification. For each family we include an illustrated summary of important character states, a whole-body photo of an exemplar of the family, and number of species of the family currently reported from the Prairie Provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A New Spatiotemporal Estimator to Downscale GRACE Gravity Models for Terrestrial and Groundwater Storage Variations Estimation.
- Author
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Fatolazadeh, Farzam, Eshagh, Mehdi, Goïta, Kalifa, and Wang, Shusen
- Subjects
STANDARD deviations ,GROUNDWATER ,WATER storage ,SPATIAL resolution - Abstract
This study proposes a new mathematical approach to downscale monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and estimates groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) at a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°, simultaneously. The method combines monthly 3° GRACE gravity models and daily 0.25° hydrological model outputs and their uncertainties in the spectral domain by minimizing the mean-square error (MSE) of their estimator to enhance the quality of both low and high frequency signals in the estimated TWSA and GWSA. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) was the hydrological model considered in this study. The estimator was tested over Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Canada), especially over the Province of Alberta, using data from 65 in-situ piezometric wells for 2003. Daily minimum and maximum GWS varied from 14 mm to 32 mm across the study area. A comparison of the estimated GWSA with the corresponding in-situ wells showed significant and consistent correlations in most cases, with r = 0.43–0.92 (mean r = 0.73). Correlations were >0.70 for approximately 70% of the wells, with root mean square errors <24 mm. These results provide evidence for using the proposed spectral combination estimator in downscaling GRACE data on a daily basis at a spatial scale of 0.25° × 0.25°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Medication Gaps and Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Previously Hospitalized Schizophrenia Patients: An Electronic Cohort Study in Three Canadian Provinces.
- Author
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Peters, Evyn, Shamloo, Arash, Lodhi, Rohit J., Marcoux, Gene, Jackson, Kylie, Halayka, Shawn, and Balbuena, Lloyd
- Subjects
PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,CANADIAN provinces ,POLYPHARMACY ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents ,HOSPITAL patients - Abstract
Background: Real world evidence about antipsychotics focuses on rehospitalization. Modeling the time course of pharmacotherapy would show patients' adherence to medications and physicians' adherence to medication guidelines. We aimed to calculate the cumulative time spent in second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), gaps, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and clozapine in discharged schizophrenia patients. Methods: Hospitalization and pharmacy dispensing data from 2008-2018 in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia were linked and an electronic cohort (N = 2,997) was created (mean follow-up: 49 months, SD = 38). Cohort members were required to have a minimum of 6 weeks medicated with aripiprazole, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone. Results: The multistate model predicted that schizophrenia patients accumulated 44 months in SGA monotherapy, 4 months in polypharmacy, 11 months in medication gaps and 17 days in clozapine over a 5-year period. The majority of transitions were between SGA and medication gap. Accumulated time in medication gaps was seven times as much as in clozapine. Each 10% delay in SGA initiation post-discharge was associated with a 2, 1, and 6% higher risk for polypharmacy (95% CI: 1.01-1.02), gap (95% CI: 1.01-1.01), and clozapine (95% CI: 1.04-1.08), respectively. Interpretation: Schizophrenia patients accumulated more time unmedicated and in polypharmacy compared to clozapine. Either treatment guidelines for schizophrenia are not followed, or real-world challenges hamper their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Sources of genomic diversity in the self-fertile plant pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and consequences for resistance breeding.
- Author
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Buchwaldt, Lone, Garg, Harsh, Puri, Krishna D., Durkin, Jonathan, Adam, Jennifer, Harrington, Myrtle, Liabeuf, Debora, Davies, Alan, Hegedus, Dwayne D., Sharpe, Andrew G., and Gali, Krishna Kishore
- Subjects
SCLEROTINIA sclerotiorum ,PLANT diversity ,CANOLA ,PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms ,MICROSATELLITE repeats ,RAPESEED ,PLANT breeding - Abstract
The ascomycete, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has a broad host range and causes yield loss in dicotyledonous crops world wide. Genomic diversity was determined in a population of 127 isolates obtained from individual canola (Brassica napus) fields in western Canada. Genotyping with 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed each isolate was a unique haplotype. Analysis of molecular variance showed 97% was due to isolate and 3% due to geographical location. Testing of mycelium compatibility among 133 isolates identified clones of mutually compatible isolates with 86–95% similar SSR haplotype, whereas incompatible isolates were highly diverse. In the Province of Manitoba, 61% of isolates were compatible forming clones and stings of pairwise compatible isolates not described before. In contrast, only 35% of isolates were compatible in Alberta without forming clones and strings, while 39% were compatible in Saskatchewan with a single clone, but no strings. These difference can be explained by wetter growing seasons and more susceptible crop species in Manitoba favouring frequent mycelium interaction and more life cycles over time, which might also explain similar differences observed in other geographical areas and host crops. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium rejected random recombination, consistent with a self-fertile fungus, restricted outcrossing due to mycelium incompatibility, and only a single annual opportunity for genomic recombination during meiosis in the ascospore stage between non-sister chromatids in the rare event nuclei from different isolates come together. More probable sources of genomic diversity is slippage during DNA replication and point mutation affecting single nucleotides that accumulate and likely increase mycelium incompatibility in a population over time. A phylogenetic tree based on SSR haplotype grouped isolates into 17 sub-populations. Aggressiveness was tested by inoculating one isolate from each sub-population onto B. napus lines with quantitative resistance. Analysis of variance was significant for isolate, line, and isolate by line interaction. These isolates represent the genomic and pathogenic diversity in western Canada, and are suitable for resistance screening in canola breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Use of shoot dimensions and microscopic analysis of leaves to distinguish Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and their invasive hybrid Typha xglauca.
- Author
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Wasko, J. D., McGonigle, T. P., Goldsborough, L. G., Wrubleski, D. A., Badiou, P. H., and Armstrong, L. M.
- Subjects
TYPHA latifolia ,TYPHA ,FOLIAR diagnosis ,MICROSCOPY ,DNA sequencing - Abstract
The hybrid cattail Typha xglauca Godr. is morphologically intermediate between Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. We propose a method to distinguish these taxa based on morphology throughout emergent life stages. We evaluated four traits of gross morphology and four more from microscopic examination of leaf cross sections. All eight traits were assessed for 45 cattails collected from various types of wetlands in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, these shoots being identified by sequencing of microsatellite DNA as 17 specimens of T. latifolia and 14 specimens each for T. angustifolia and T. xglauca. Decision-tree analysis indicated that the single trait of mean leaf-apex angle for all leaves on the shoot was able to correctly align all specimens with their genetic identities. However, single-leaf measurements for leaf-apex angle were successful in this regard in only 80–85% of attempts. Ignoring mean leaf-apex angle and using a combination of all remaining seven traits, 44-out-of-45 samples were aligned correctly. Measurement of mean leaf-apex angle for a shoot can be used to distinguish reliably the parental Typha species and the hybrid. The remaining seven morphological traits can then be employed to provide additional support for determinations, possibly as an alternative to genetic determinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Continuous monitoring of river surface ice during freeze-up using upward looking sonar
- Author
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Ghobrial, Tadros R., Loewen, Mark R., and Hicks, Faye E.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *ICE , *SONAR & the environment , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm that has been developed to process field data from two upward looking sonars, one high (546kHz) and one low (235kHz) frequency, a 2MHz current profiler and a monitoring station, to measure surface ice characteristics on the North Saskatchewan River in the north east of Edmonton, AB, Canada, during the 2009/2010 freeze-up season. The algorithm used to calculate pans/rafts drafts and lengths, and the surface ice concentration is described. The validity and the accuracy of this technique were tested and computed surface ice conditions are presented. For the purpose of examining the effects of hydro-meteorological conditions on measured pan characteristics, the freeze-up period was divided into three distinct stages depending on the measured surface ice concentration. Pan/raft drafts were found to range from 0.1 to 1.0m and pan/raft lengths from 0.6 to 8.0m. The sonar proved to be very accurate in detecting the exact surface ice conditions locally above the sonar beam. However, interpretation of the results can sometimes be challenging, especially when physical processes such as bridging affect local ice conditions. Therefore, additional visual observations (e.g. time lapse photography) of surface ice conditions are recommended to aid in the interpretation of sonar measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Natural and unnatural complexities: flood control along Manitoba's Assiniboine River
- Author
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Stunden Bower, Shannon
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL geography , *FLOOD control , *RIVERS , *NATURAL disasters , *FLOOD damage - Abstract
Abstract: Flooding and flood control long have been topics of concern for geographers and historians of North America, from Gilbert White''s foundational work to attempts to understand the recent disaster in New Orleans. This paper considers the problem of flood control along the Assiniboine River in the province of Manitoba, Canada. The first section addresses the local landscape and the larger context, explaining changes in the relevant human and physical geography. The second section examines efforts to mitigate flooding, focusing on how the risk of inundation was shifted in location (not eliminated altogether) and compounded through time (not progressively resolved). The third focuses on a further source of complexity: the contested character of government jurisdiction. This final section also addresses major mid twentieth century changes in mitigation efforts: in the light of flooding on an unprecedented scale, governments became more open to compromise and more willing to undertake substantial projects. Gilbert White asserted that while floods are natural occurrences, flood damages are the responsibility of humanity. The question of responsibility might seem relatively clear in relation to flood mitigation, given that dykes are human constructions. The history of flood mitigation along the Assiniboine would suggest, however, that assigning responsibility for the failures and successes of flood mitigation is not so straightforward. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Accretion history of the Trans-Hudson Orogen in Manitoba and Saskatchewan from paleomagnetism.
- Author
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Symons, David T. A. and Harris, Michael J.
- Subjects
- *
OROGENIC belts , *PALEOMAGNETISM , *GEOMAGNETISM , *STRUCTURAL geology - Abstract
Lithoprobe's sponsorship has led to the acquisition of paleomagnetic data from ~20 units throughout the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO) of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, essentially the first such data for the region. Discussed summarily in this paper, they provide an initial framework for the THO's tectonic evolution. They show that the Archean Hearne and Superior cratons were at subtropical and subpolar paleolatitudes, respectively, at ~1875 Ma, with the Lynn Lake – LaRonge arc midway between them in the Manikewan Ocean. By ~1855 Ma, this ocean was still ~5500 ± 700 km wide, and its seafloor was subducting northwestward under the Hearne craton and pericratonic Peter Lake domain margin with the coeval development of an Andean-type continental magmatic arc, the Wathaman–Chipewyan batholith. Between ~1855 and ~1810 Ma, coalescing apparent polar wander path (APWP) segments record closing of the ocean at a rate of ~12 cm/a, trapping and accreting the several separate intervening terranes (Flin Flon, Hanson Lake, Lynn Lake – LaRonge, Rottenstone, and presumably also other THO terranes). From ~1815 to ~1775 Ma, the assembled terranes drifted as a coherent craton, yielding a stillstand and hairpin in the APWP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Contribution of land use practices to GHGs in the Canadian Prairies crop sector.
- Author
-
Awada, Lana, Nagy, Cecil, and Phillips, Peter W. B.
- Subjects
CROP rotation ,LAND use ,NO-tillage ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CROPS ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
The global crop sector is estimated to contribute about 10.4% of global GHGs annually. The Canadian crop sector is assessed as adding about 6.5% to total national emissions. These estimates over report the impact of farming as they ignore the complex interaction of cropping with the environment and the role land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) play in sequestering carbon. This study quantifies the contribution of land use to GHG emissions and removals in the Canadian Prairies crop sector between 1985 and 2016. The modeling effort explores how different farming practices (i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT), summerfallow, crop rotations, and residue retention) and input usage rates (i.e., fertilizer and fuel) affect GHG emissions in different soil climate zones and provinces in the Prairies region. The adoption of sustainable practices led to an 80% decline in GHG emissions in the crop sector between 1985 and 2016. Since 2005, the baseline for Canada's Paris commitment, sectoral emissions dropped 53%, more than is required to meet the 2030 target. Most promising, the crop sector was a net GHG sink between 2013 and 2016 in Alberta and between 2006 and 2016 in Saskatchewan. As positive as these developments have been, more can be done by directing research to identify options for reducing GHGs in Manitoba (which made only minimal improvements as farmers there faced conditions requiring continuous use of conventional tillage practices), to explore better nitrogen management (a major continuing source of GHG from cropping) and by searching for low carbon transport options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Longitudinal Study of the Well-Being of Canadian Women Abused by Intimate Partners: A Healing Journey.
- Author
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Tutty, Leslie M., Radtke, H. Lorraine, Thurston, Wilfreda E. Billie, Ursel, E. Jane, Nixon, Kendra L., Hampton, Mary Ruklos, and Ateah, Christine A.
- Subjects
WELL-being ,PSYCHOLOGY of abused women ,ADVERSE childhood experiences ,FUNCTIONAL status ,CHILD abuse ,HEALTH status indicators ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,SOCIAL stigma ,INTIMATE partner violence ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUALITY of life ,MENTAL depression ,ABORIGINAL Canadians ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,PSYCHOLOGY of adult child abuse victims ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
This 2.5-year longitudinal, Canadian tri-provincial study (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) of women abused by intimate partners examined the nature of the partner abuse, physical and mental conditions, disabilities, child abuse history, and quality of life (QOL). The women retained at 30-months (419 of 665) were identified as Indigenous (48.5%), White (46.6%), or visible minority (4.9%). Physical and mental health conditions were noted by 62.3%; 41.8% of these were disabilities. Over half (54.5%) reported histories of child sexual abuse, with 24.2% reporting other childhood abuse, and 21.3% were not abused as children. Consistent with similar longitudinal studies, over time the women significantly improved their QOL and had less mental stress (SCL-10) and PTSD symptoms (PCL); however, neither PCL nor SCL-10 scores were clinically problematic at any time period. Depression symptoms (CES-D-10) remained constant over time but were not in the clinical range over the 2.5 years. Only IPV severity and having a disability were associated with more severe mental health/well-being scores at 30-months. Implications for practice such as training IPV advocates and counselors to better address disabilities and to avoid stigmatizing women abused by partners as necessarily having mental health issues are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Races of Puccinia graminis on barley, oat, and wheat in Canada from 2015 to 2019.
- Author
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Fetch, T., Mitchell Fetch, J., Zegeye, T., and Xue, A.
- Subjects
WHEAT ,PUCCINIA graminis ,BARLEY ,DISEASE resistance of plants ,CANADIAN provinces - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Crustal structure of the metasedimentary Kisseynew domain and bounding volcanic–plutonic domains, Trans-Hudson orogen, Canada.
- Author
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Clowes, Ron M. and Roy, Baishali
- Subjects
EARTH sciences ,SCIENCE projects ,VOLCANIC soils - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Races of Puccinia graminis on barley, oat, and wheat in Canada in 2013 and 2014.
- Author
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Fetch, T., Mitchell Fetch, J., Zegeye, T., and Xue, A.
- Subjects
PUCCINIA graminis ,WHEAT ,BARLEY ,OATS ,CATASTROPHIC illness ,DISEASE resistance of plants ,POWDERY mildew diseases - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Farm Size, Technology Adoption and Agricultural Trade Reform: Evidence from Canada.
- Author
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Brown, W. Mark, Ferguson, Shon M., and Viju‐Miljusevic, Crina
- Subjects
FARM size ,INNOVATION adoption ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,COMMERCE ,GRAIN prices - Abstract
Using detailed census data covering over 30,000 farms in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, we document the vast and increasing farm size heterogeneity, and analyse the role of farm size in adapting to the removal of an export subsidy in 1995. Consistent with the Alchian‐Allen hypothesis, the increase in per‐unit trade costs due to the reform was associated with farms of all sizes shifting their production of crops from low value wheat to higher value canola. We find that switching to new labour‐saving tillage technologies and away from summerfallow in response to the large negative shock to grain prices caused by the reform varied across the farm size distribution. We develop a theory of heterogenous farms and technology adoption that can explain our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Study protocol: pragmatic randomized control trial of my tools 4 care- in care (MT4C-in care) a web-based tool for family Carers of persons with dementia residing in long term care.
- Author
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Duggleby, Wendy, O'Rourke, Hannah, Swindle, Jennifer, Peacock, Shelley, McAiney, Carrie, Baxter, Pamela, Thompson, Genevieve, Dubé, Véronique, Nekolaichuk, Cheryl, Ghosh, Sunita, and Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna
- Subjects
LONG-term health care ,LONG-term care facilities ,GENERALIZED estimating equations ,DEMENTIA ,OLDER people ,CARE of dementia patients ,TREATMENT of dementia ,RESEARCH ,CAREGIVERS ,INTERNET ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: When a family member resides in long term care facility (LTC), family carers continue caregiving and have been found to have decreases in mental health. The aim of My Tools 4 Care - In Care (an online intervention) is to support carers of persons living with dementia residing in LTC through transitions and increase their self-efficacy, hope, social support and mental health. This article comprises the protocol for a study to evaluate My Tools 4 Care-In Care (MT4C-In Care) by asking the following research questions: 1) Is there a 2 month (immediately post-intervention) and 4 month (2 months post-intervention) increase in mental health, general self-efficacy, social support and hope, and decrease in grief and loneliness, in carers of a person living with dementia residing in LTC using MT4C-In CARE compared to an educational control group? 2) Do carers of persons living with dementia residing in LTC perceive My Tools 4 Care- In Care helps them with the transitions they experience?Methods: This study is a single blinded pragmatic mixed methods randomized controlled trial. Approximately 280 family carers of older persons (65 years of age and older) with dementia residing in LTC will be recruited for this study. Data will be collected at three time points: baseline, 2 month, and 4 months. Based on the feasibility study, we hypothesize that participants using MT4C-In Care will report significant increases in hope, general self-efficacy, social support and mental health quality of life, and significant decreases in grief and loneliness from baseline, as compared to an educational control group. To determine differences between groups and over time, generalized estimating equations analysis will be used. Qualitative descriptive analysis will be used to further evaluate MT4C-In Care and if it supports carers through transitions.Discussion: Data collection will begin in four Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Saskatchewan) in February 2020 and is expected to be completed in June 2021. The results will inform policy and practice as MT4C-In Care can be revised for local contexts and posted on websites such as those hosted by the Alzheimer Society of Canada.Trial Registration: NCT04226872 ClinicalTrials.gov Registered 09 January 2020 Protocol Version #2 Feb 19, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Wheat diseases on the prairies: A Canadian story.
- Author
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Aboukhaddour, Reem, Fetch, Thomas, McCallum, Brent D., Harding, Michael W., Beres, Brian L., and Graf, Robert J.
- Subjects
WHEAT ,STRIPE rust ,WHEAT diseases & pests ,DEVELOPMENTAL biology ,PRAIRIES ,LEAF spots ,WHEAT farming - Abstract
Canada is one of the largest wheat producers in the world, and wheat is grown over an area spanning most of the southern latitudes, with the prairie region (provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba) being the main producer. Several pathogens and pests attack wheat, but at present fusarium head blight (FHB), stripe rust, and leaf spots are the most damaging diseases to wheat production in Canada. Historically, smuts, stem rust, and leaf rust caused major crop losses in Canada and can still pose serious threat if management practices are relaxed. Cropping practices used by Canadian farmers to grow and harvest wheat over the last century have influenced disease development and pathogen biology, affecting the severity, incidence, and prevalence of crop diseases over time. Changes such as reduced tillage coincide with emergence of residue‐borne diseases, such as FHB and leaf spots, while the deployment of resistant cultivars and increased fungicide use has resulted in the reduction of common bunt, stem, and leaf rust. This review will discuss the influence of long‐term cropping practices, alone or in combination, on the biology, emergence, and prevalence of wheat diseases in Canada over the last century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Antibiotic use among twelve Canadian First Nations communities: a retrospective chart review of skin and soft tissue infections.
- Author
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Jeong, Dahn, Nguyen, Ha Nhan Thi, Tyndall, Mark, and Schreiber, Yoko S.
- Subjects
SOFT tissue infections ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus ,COMMUNITIES ,PRESCRIPTION writing - Abstract
Background: Previous publications indicated an emerging issue with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), particularly skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), in Indigenous communities in Canada. The objectives of this analysis were to explore the prevalence of SSTIs due to CA-MRSA and patterns of antimicrobial use in the community setting.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted as part of an environmental scan to assess antibiotic prescriptions in 12 First Nations communities across five provinces in Canada including Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec. Charts were randomly selected from nursing stations and patients who had accessed care in the previous 12 months and were ≥ 18 years were included in the review. Data was collected from September to December, 2013 on antibiotic prescriptions, including SSTIs, clinical symptoms, diagnostic information including presence of CA-MRSA infection, and treatment.Results: A total of 372 charts were reviewed, 60 from Alberta, 70 from Saskatchewan, 120 from Manitoba, 100 from Ontario, and 22 from Québec. Among 372 patients, 224 (60.2%) patients had at least one antibiotic prescription in the previous 12 months and 569 prescriptions were written in total. The prevalence of SSTIs was estimated at 36.8% (137 cases of SSTIs in 372 charts reviewed). In 137 cases of SSTIs, 34 (24.8%) were purulent infections, and 55 (40.2%) were due to CA-MRSA.Conclusions: This study has identified a high prevalence of antibiotic use and SSTIs due to CA-MRSA in remote and isolated Indigenous communities across Canada. This population is currently hard to reach and under-represented in standard surveillance system and randomized retrospective chart reviews can offer complimentary methodology for monitoring disease burden, treatment and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Mineral assemblages and phase equilibria of metabasites from the prehnite–pumpellyite to amphibolite facies, with the Flin Flon Greenstone Belt (Manitoba) as a type example.
- Author
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Starr, Paul G., Pattison, David R. M., and Ames, Doreen E.
- Subjects
GREENSTONE belts ,PHASE equilibrium ,FACIES ,AMPHIBOLITES ,BIG data - Abstract
An exceptionally well‐exposed part of the Flin Flon Greenstone Belt (Manitoba/Saskatchewan) is used to characterize the mineral assemblage evolution associated with prehnite–pumpellyite through amphibolite facies metamorphism of basalts. Data from these rocks are combined with a large literature data set to assess the ability of current thermodynamic models to reproduce natural patterns, evaluate the use of metabasic rocks at these grades to estimate pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of metamorphism, and to comment on the metamorphic devolatilization that occurs. At Flin Flon, five major isograds (actinolite‐in, prehnite‐ and pumpellyite‐out, hornblende‐in, oligoclase‐in, and actinolite‐out) collectively represent passage from prehnite–pumpellyite to lower amphibolite facies conditions. The evolution in mineral assemblages occurs in two narrow (~1,000 m) zones: the prehnite–pumpellyite to greenschist facies (PP‐GS) transition and greenschist to amphibolite facies (GS‐AM) transition. Across the GS‐AM transition, significant increases in the hornblende and oligoclase proportions occur at the expense of actinolite, albite, chlorite, and titanite, whereas there is little change in the proportions of epidote. The majority of this mineral transformation occurs above the oligoclase‐in isograd within the hornblende–actinolite–oligoclase zone. Comparison with thermodynamic modelling results suggests data set 5 (DS5) of Holland and Powell (1998, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16(3):309–343) and associated activity–composition (a–x) models is generally successful in reproducing natural observations, whereas data set 6 (DS6) (Holland & Powell, 2011, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 29(3):333–383) and associated a–x models fail to reproduce the observed mineral isograds and compositions. When the data from Flin Flon are combined with data from the literature, two main pressure‐sensitive facies series for metabasites are revealed, based on prograde passage below or above a hornblende–albite bathograd at ~3.3 kbar: a low‐pressure 'actinolite–oligoclase type' facies series, characterized by the appearance of oligoclase before hornblende, and a moderate‐ to high‐pressure 'hornblende–albite type' facies series, characterized by the appearance of hornblende before oligoclase. Concerning the PP‐GS transition, the mineral assemblage evolution in Flin Flon suggests it occurs over a small zone (<1,000 m), in which assemblages containing true transitional assemblages (prehnite and/or pumpellyite coexisting with actinolite) are rare. This contrasts with thermodynamic modelling, using either DS5 or DS6, which predicts a wide PP‐GS transition involving the progressive appearance of epidote and actinolite and disappearance of pumpellyite and prehnite. Patterns of mineral assemblages and thermodynamic modelling suggest a useful bathograd ('CHEPPAQ bathograd'), separating prehnite–pumpellyite‐bearing assemblages at low pressures and pumpellyite–actinolite‐bearing assemblages at higher pressures, occurs at ~2.3 to 2.6 kbar. Observations from the Flin Flon sequence suggests devolatilization across the GS‐AM transition (average: ~1.8 wt% H2O) occurs over a very narrow interval within the actinolite–hornblende–oligoclase zone, associated with the loss of >75% of the total chlorite. By contrast, modelling of the GS‐AM transition zone predicts more progressive dehydration of ~2 wt% H2O over a >50°C interval. Observations from the field suggest devolatilization across the PP‐GS transition occurs over a very narrow interval given the rarity of transitional assemblages. Modelling suggests fluid release of 1.0–1.4 wt% resulting from prehnite breakdown over a ~10°C interval. This fluid may not be entirely lost from the rock package due to involvement in the hydration of igneous mineralogy across the PP‐GS transition as observed in the Flin Flon sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pathways to social work supervision.
- Author
-
Schmidt, Glen and Kariuki, Anthony
- Subjects
EXPERIENTIAL learning ,INTERVIEWING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SOCIAL case work ,SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL workers ,SUPERVISION of employees ,WORK ,QUALITATIVE research ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Social work research and literature in the area of supervision tends to focus on the supervision of field education students. Less attention is given to the supervision of social work practitioners and there is almost no information that examines how social workers become supervisors. This exploratory study interviewed 27 practicing social work supervisors across different fields of social work practice in Western Canada. The participants included 15 supervisors with a graduate degree and 12 supervisors with an undergraduate degree. The supervisors completed a brief questionnaire that was followed by a structured interview. Supervisors were asked how they came to be social work supervisors. Thematic analysis of the supervisors' responses revealed three pathways to supervision: task exposure, supervision by happen chance, and deliberate decision. The responses suggested that additional focus on supervision might be included in undergraduate education and that universities, professional associations, and employers pay more attention to succession planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Gambling and Problem Gambling among Canadian Urban Aboriginals.
- Author
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Williams, Robert J., Belanger, Yale D., and Prusak, S. Yvonne
- Subjects
GAMBLING ,COMPULSIVE gambling ,ABORIGINAL Canadians ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY ,NATIVE Americans ,SEX distribution ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CITY dwellers ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Racial Minority Women and Criminal Justice Responses to Domestic Violence.
- Author
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Tam, Dora, Tutty, Leslie, Zhuang, Ze, and Paz, Eva
- Subjects
ABUSED women ,ASIANS ,BLACK people ,COURTS ,ETHNIC groups ,DOMESTIC violence ,FEAR ,HELP-seeking behavior ,HISPANIC Americans ,IMMIGRANTS ,INTERVIEWING ,LANGUAGE & languages ,MINORITIES ,POLICE ,RACE ,RESEARCH funding ,SAFETY ,QUALITATIVE research ,CULTURAL values ,SOCIAL support ,NARRATIVES ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Racialized minority women's experiences with Canadian specialized criminal justice responses to domestic violence have seldom been documented. Informed by an intersectionality framework, this qualitative study presents the struggles of 14 racial minority women from three Canadian cities and their experiences with the police and criminal court's response to their partner's acts of domestic violence. The results focus on how well specialized criminal justice responses address the needs of these women and protect them from further violence. Factors that facilitate or deter these women from approaching the criminal justice system for help are highlighted. The implications of these women's narratives for criminal justice responses to domestic violence are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Factors associated with rushed and missed resident care in western Canadian nursing homes: a cross-sectional survey of health care aides.
- Author
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Knopp‐Sihota, Jennifer A, Niehaus, Linda, Squires, Janet E, Norton, Peter G, and Estabrooks, Carole A
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,CHI-squared test ,INTERVIEWING ,JOB satisfaction ,LONG-term health care ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NURSES' aides ,NURSING ,NURSING care facilities ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,TIME ,DATA analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,CROSS-sectional method ,WORK experience (Employment) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Aims and objectives To describe the nature, frequency and factors associated with care that was rushed or missed by health care aides in western Canadian nursing homes. Background The growing number of nursing home residents with dementia has created job strain for frontline health care providers, the majority of whom are health care aides. Due to the associated complexity of care, health care aides are challenged to complete more care tasks in less time. Rushed or missed resident care are associated with adverse resident outcomes (e.g. falls) and poorer quality of staff work life (e.g. burnout) making this an important quality of care concern. Design Cross-sectional survey of health care aides ( n = 583) working in a representative sample of nursing homes (30 urban, six rural) in western Canada. Methods Data were collected in 2010 as part of the Translating Research in Elder Care study. We collected data on individual health care aides (demographic characteristics, job and vocational satisfaction, physical and mental health, burnout), unit level characteristics associated with organisational context, facility characteristics (location, size, owner/operator model), and the outcome variables of rushed and missed resident care. Results Most health care aides (86%) reported being rushed. Due to lack of time, 75% left at least one care task missed during their previous shift. Tasks most frequently missed were talking with residents (52% of health care aides) and assisting with mobility (51%). Health care aides working on units with higher organisational context scores were less likely to report rushed and missed care. Conclusion Health care aides frequently report care that is rushed and tasks omitted due to lack of time. Relevance to clinical practice Considering the resident population in nursing homes today-many with advanced dementia and all with complex care needs-health care aides having enough time to provide physical and psychosocial care of high quality is a critical concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Toward Equity in Access to Midwifery: A Scan of Five Canadian Provinces.
- Author
-
Hanson, Laurel, Mpofu, Deborah (Debbie), and Hopkins, Laura
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH services accessibility ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL care ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RESEARCH ,MIDWIFERY ,QUALITATIVE research ,THEMATIC analysis ,HUMAN services programs ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL coding - Published
- 2013
35. Crops and Livestock Productivity Growth in the Prairies: The Impacts of Technical Change and Scale.
- Author
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Stewart, Bryce, Veeman, Terrence, and Unterschultz, James
- Subjects
CROPS ,LIVESTOCK productivity ,PRAIRIES ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of productivity growth in Canadian Prairie primary agriculture from 1940 to 2004. Total factor productivity (TFP) is measured using Törnqvist-Theil indexing procedures for the Prairie provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan). During the 1940–2004 period, productivity growth in Prairie agriculture grew at a rate of 1.56% a year. This aggregate measure does not indicate the substantial variations in productivity growth that have occurred between crops and livestock, between the provinces, and over time: productivity growth in crops is considerably higher than productivity growth in livestock; Manitoba and Saskatchewan display consistently higher productivity growth than Alberta; and from 1980 to 2004 livestock productivity growth increased considerably in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The productivity growth estimates are decomposed econometrically using a translog cost function to indicate the relative roles of technical change and scale effects. Productivity growth in crops has largely been the result of technical change while economies of scale have played a critical role in generating productivity growth in the livestock sector. La présente étude est une analyse approfondie de la croissance de la productivité du secteur de l’agriculture primaire dans les provinces des Prairies (Alberta, Manitoba et Saskatchewan), de 1940 à 2004. Nous avons mesuré la productivité totale des facteurs (PTF) à l’aide de l’indice Törnqvist-Theil. De 1940 à 2004, la productivité de l’agriculture dans les provinces des Prairies a cru au rythme annuel de 1,56 p. 100. Cette mesure globale n’indique pas les variations substantielles de la croissance de la productivité entre le secteur des cultures et le secteur de l’élevage, entre les provinces, et au fil du temps. La croissance de la productivité dans le secteur des cultures a été considérablement plus élevée que celle observée dans le secteur de l’élevage. La croissance de la productivité au Manitoba et en Saskatchewan a été supérieure à celle observée en Alberta. De 1980 à 2004, la croissance de la productivité du secteur de l’élevage a enregistré une hausse considérable au Manitoba et en Saskatchewan. Nous avons décomposé la croissance de la productivité de façon économétrique à l’aide d’une fonction de coût de type translog afin de faire ressortir le rôle des changements technologiques et des économies d’échelle. Les changements technologiques ont joué un rôle important dans la croissance de la productivité du secteur des cultures, tandis que les économies d’échelle ont joué un rôle primordial dans la croissance de la productivité du secteur de l’élevage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Statistical Ensemble Seasonal Streamflow Forecasting in the South Saskatchewan River Basin by a Modified Nearest Neighbors Resampling.
- Author
-
Gobena, Adam Kenea and Gan, Thian Yew
- Subjects
STREAMFLOW ,PREDICTION models ,HYDROLOGIC models ,REGRESSION analysis ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
An ensemble seasonal streamflow forecasting model is developed for two watersheds in the South Saskatchewan River Basin of southern Alberta, Canada. The ensembles are generated from a mean forecast by using a modified K-nearest neighbor algorithm. The mean forecasts are produced by a robust M-regression model that uses snow water equivalent and large-scale climate information as predictors where the best combination of predictors is automatically selected by the generalized cross-validation criterion. It is shown that skillful forecasts of the April–September flow can be obtained as early as the beginning of December preceding the runoff year, thus extending the current forecast lead time by up to two months. An assessment of the potential economic value of the forecasts shows that with the same set of predictors, ensemble forecasts offer superior economic value for a wide range of end-users as compared to conditional median forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Selection of borehole temperature depth profiles for regional climate reconstructions.
- Author
-
Chouinard, C. and Mareschal, J.-C.
- Subjects
BOREHOLE mining ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,ASTRONOMICAL perturbation ,CLIMATE change ,CANADIANS - Abstract
Borehole temperature depth profiles are commonly used to infer time variations in the ground surface temperature on centennial time scales. We compare different procedures to obtain a regional ground surface temperature history (GSTH) from an ensemble of borehole temperature depth profiles. We address in particular the question of selecting profiles that are not contaminated by non climatic surface perturbations and we compare the joint inversion of all the profiles with the average of individual inversions. Very few profiles of the Canadian data set meet the selection criteria (e.g. only 13 out of 73 profiles in Manitoba and Saskatchewan were retained). We show that the resolution and the stability of the inversion of selected profiles are much improved over those for a complete data set. When profiles have been selected, the average GSTH of individual inversions and the GSTH of the joint inversion are almost identical. This is not observed when the entire data set is inverted: the average of individual inversions is different from the joint inversion. We also show that the joint inversion of very noisy data sets does not improve the resolution but, on the contrary, causes strong instabilities in the inversion. When the profiles that are affected by noise can not be eliminated, averaging of the individual inversions yields the most stable result, but with very poor resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Teachers' Work in Canadian Aboriginal Communities.
- Author
-
Wotherspoon, Terry
- Subjects
EDUCATION of indigenous peoples ,TEACHERS & community ,TEACHERS' workload ,EDUCATIONAL change ,EDUCATIONAL innovations ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,EDUCATION of minorities ,COMPARATIVE education - Abstract
The article discusses the changing, contradictory character of teachers' work shaped by reforms oriented to improve educational prospects for aboriginals people in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The author points out that educational changes involve measures are restricting teachers’ willingness and ability to convert working relations with communities into successful pedagogical and social transformations. Canadian teachers who responded to the survey view themselves as trying to make a difference for minority students whose immediate circumstances restrict chances to attain the levels and kinds of education being advanced as requisites for active participation as citizens, workers, and consumers in a knowledge-based society.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An Intelligent Decision Support System for Management of Floods.
- Author
-
Ahmad, Sajjad and Simonovic, Slobodan P.
- Subjects
DECISION support systems ,FLOOD forecasting ,FLOOD control channels ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,FLOOD damage ,INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
Integrating human knowledge with modeling tools, an intelligent decision support system (DSS) is developed to assist decision makers during different phases of flood management. The DSS is developed as a virtual planning tool and can address both engineering and non-engineering issues related to flood management. Different models (hydrodynamic, forecasting, and economic) that are part of the DSS share data and communicate with each other by providing feedback. The DSS is able to assist in: selecting suitable flood damage reduction options (using an expert system approach); forecasting floods (using artificial neural networks approach); modeling the operation of flood control structures; and describing the impacts (area flooded and damage) of floods in time and space. The proposed DSS is implemented for the Red River Basin in Manitoba, Canada. The results from the test application of DSS for 1997 flood in the Red River Basin are very promising. The DSS is able to predict the peak flows with 2% error and reveals that with revised operating rules the contribution of Assiniboine River to the flooding of Winnipeg city can be significantly reduced. The decision support environment allows a number of "what-if" type questions to be asked and answered, thus, multiple decisions can be tried without having to deal with the real life consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Paleogeography of Lake Agassiz and regional post-glacial uplift history of the Flin Flon region, central Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
- Author
-
McMartin, Isabelle
- Subjects
PALEOGRAPHY ,GLACIAL Epoch - Abstract
Detailed mapping and elevation measurements of glacial lake shorelines in the Flin Flon region has permitted the reconstruction of 6 well-defined levels of Lake Agassiz formed around 8.3 ka to 7.9 ka
14 C BP. The Stonewall, The Pas, Gimli, Grand Rapids, Drunken Point and Ponton paleo-water planes have been tilted upward to the northeast in the Holocene, with gradients decreasing, from the highest to the lowest level, from about 0.34 m km-1 to 0.22 m km-1 in the study area. The Setting level, lower than the Ponton but less well defined, is also documented here for the first time. This mapping conclusively refutes the view, entrenched in the literature from the 1890's to the 1960's, that there has been negligible differential uplift in the region following final drainage of Lake Agassiz. The finding has major consequences regarding correlation of glacial lakes across the mid-continent, the post-glacial history of large lakes in the region, and for interpretation of earth rheology and its implications for ice sheet reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cultural, geographical, and sectoral refinements to measures of forest industry dependence
- Author
-
Korber, D., Beckley, T., White, W., and Luckert, M.
- Subjects
TIMBER ,FORESTS & forestry ,ECONOMICS ,FOREST products industry - Abstract
Economic base analysis is a limited but useful tool for measuring forest dependence. It cannot measure the full range of forest values (e.g., subsistence, amenity, bequest, and existence values). However, economic base analysis utilizes widely available census data to provide accurate measures of communities dependent on industrial forest activity. This analysis includes Indian reserves and rural census subdivisions previously excluded in studies of economic base dependence. Economic base dependence measures are further improved by including a transfer payment sector. This paper presents findings of forest industry dependence measures using 1991 census data. Results show that including Indian reserves and other rural census subdivisions in the analysis increases the number of forest industry dependent places and population in the Prairie Provinces. The addition of the transfer payment sector to the economic base provides a more comprehensive account of the sources that contribute to the economic diversity of rural locations. These geographical and sectoral refinements to economic base calculations result in a more accurate accounting of forest industry dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The geological survey of Canada's Palliser Triangle Global Project: a multidisciplinary geolimnological approach to predicting potential global change impacts on the Northern Great Plains
- Author
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Vance, R. E.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,GEOLOGY ,PALEOLIMNOLOGY - Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada.
- Author
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Steele, Sarah J., Gower, Stith T., Vogel, Jason G., and Norman, John M.
- Subjects
PLANT roots ,PRIMARY productivity (Biology) ,ASPEN (Trees) ,JACK pine ,BLACK spruce ,MINIRHIZOTRONS ,DETRITUS - Abstract
Root biomass, net primary production and turnover were studied in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in two contrasting climates. The climate of the Southern Study Area (SSA) near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan is warmer and drier in the summer and milder in the winter than the Northern Study Area (NSA) near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. Ingrowth soil cores and minirhizotrons were used to quantify fine root net primary production (NPPFR). Average daily fine root growth (m m−2 day−1) was positively correlated with soil temperature at 10-cm depth (r2 = 0.83–0.93) for all three species, with black spruce showing the strongest temperature effect. At both study areas, fine root biomass (measured from soil cores) and fine root length (measured from minirhizotrons) were less for jack pine than for the other two species. Except for the aspen stands, estimates of NPPFR from minirhizotrons were significantly greater than estimates from ingrowth cores. The core method underestimated NPPFR because it does not account for simultaneous fine root growth and mortality. Minirhizotron NPPFR estimates ranged from 59 g m−2 year−1 for aspen stands at SSA to 235 g m−2 year−1 for black spruce at NSA. The ratio of NPPFR to total detritus production (aboveground litterfall + NPPFR) was greater for evergreen forests than for deciduous forests, suggesting that carbon allocation patterns differ between boreal evergreen and deciduous forests. In all stands, NPPFR consistently exceeded annual fine root turnover and the differences were larger for stands in the NSA than for stands in the SSA, whereas the difference between study areas was only significant for black spruce. The imbalance between NPPFR and fine root turnover is sufficient to explain the net accumulation of carbon in boreal forest soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
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44. Population Genetic Structure and Chemotype Diversity of Fusarium graminearum Populations from Wheat in Canada and North Eastern United States.
- Author
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Oghenekaro, Abbot O., Oviedo-Ludena, Maria A., Serajazari, Mitra, Wang, Xiben, Henriquez, Maria A., Wenner, Nancy G., Kuldau, Gretchen A., Navabi, Alireza, Kutcher, Hadley R., and Fernando, W. G. Dilantha
- Subjects
FUSARIUM ,TANDEM repeats ,POPULATION biology ,GENE flow ,CANADIAN provinces - Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease in wheat causing severe economic losses globally by reducing yield and contaminating grain with mycotoxins. In Canada, Fusarium graminearum is the principal etiological agent of FHB in wheat, producing mainly the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetyl derivatives (15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15ADON) and 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3ADON)). Understanding the population biology of F. graminearum such as the genetic variability, as well as mycotoxin chemotype diversity among isolates is important in developing sustainable disease management tools. In this study, 570 F. graminearum isolates collected from commercial wheat crops in five geographic regions in three provinces in Canada in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed for population diversity and structure using 10 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) markers. A subset of isolates collected from the north-eastern United States was also included for comparative analysis. About 75% of the isolates collected in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba were 3ADON indicating a 6-fold increase in Saskatchewan and a 2.5-fold increase in Manitoba within the past 15 years. All isolates from Ontario and those collected from the United States were 15ADON and isolates had a similar population structure. There was high gene diversity (H = 0.803–0.893) in the F. graminearum populations in all regions. Gene flow was high between Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Nm = 4.971–21.750), indicating no genetic differentiation between these regions. In contrast, less gene flow was observed among the western provinces and Ontario (Nm = 3.829–9.756) and USA isolates ((Nm = 2.803–6.150). However, Bayesian clustering model analyses of trichothecene chemotype subpopulations divided the populations into two clusters, which was correlated with trichothecene types. Additionally, population cluster analysis revealed there was more admixture of isolates among isolates of the 3ADON chemotypes than among the 15ADON chemotype, an observation that could play a role in the increased virulence of F. graminearum. Understanding the population genetic structure and mycotoxin chemotype variations of the pathogen will assist in developing FHB resistant wheat cultivars and in mycotoxin risk assessment in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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45. Hydrological Extremes in the Canadian Prairies in the Last Decade due to the ENSO Teleconnection—A Comparative Case Study Using WRF.
- Author
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Basu, Soumik, Sauchyn, David J., and Anis, Muhammad Rehan
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WEATHER forecasting ,METEOROLOGICAL research ,METEOROLOGICAL stations ,EL Nino ,LA Nina ,SOUTHERN oscillation ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
In the Prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, agricultural production depends on winter and spring precipitation. There is large interannual variability related to the teleconnection between the regional hydroclimate and El Niño and La Niña in the Tropical Pacific. A modeling experiment was conducted to simulate climatic and hydrological parameters in the Canadian Prairie region during strong El Niño and La Niña events of the last decade in 2015–2016 and 2010–2011, respectively. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was employed to perform two sets of sensitivity experiments with a nested domain at 10 km resolution using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA) interim data as the lateral boundary forcing. Analysis of the hourly model output provides a detailed simulation of the drier winter, with less soil moisture in the following spring, during the 2015–2016 El Niño and a wet winter during the La Niña of 2010–2011. The high-resolution WRF simulation of these recent weather events agrees well with observations from weather stations and water gauges. Therefore, we were able to take advantage of the WRF model to simulate recent weather with high spatial and temporal resolution and thus study the changes in hydrometeorological parameters across the Prairie during the two extreme hydrological events of the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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46. Structural violence and necropolitics among Indigenous Peoples living with HIV who use substances in the Prairie provinces during COVID-19.
- Author
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Moore S, Christianson T, and Souleymanov R
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- Humans, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Female, Male, Qualitative Research, Adult, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Violence, Indigenous Peoples psychology, Politics, Middle Aged, Harm Reduction, Indigenous Canadians, Healthcare Disparities ethnology, Interviews as Topic, HIV Infections epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Health Services Accessibility, Social Stigma
- Abstract
Background: Within Manitoba and Saskatchewan, pre-existing health inequities amongst Indigenous groups were intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Service disruptions in the health and social service sector-combined with the effects of intersectional stigma-disproportionately impacted Indigenous peoples living with HIV (IPLH). IPLH experience structural violence and necropolitical exclusion through systemic forms of stigma situated within Canada's expansive colonial history. Utilizing the theoretical foundations of structural violence and necropolitics, this qualitative study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic amplified preceding states of inequity for IPLH., Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 participants. The sample comprised of those with lived experience (n = 45) as well as those who provided services for IPLH (n = 15). Indigenous Storywork guided the data collection and analysis process. Topics explored within each interview included access to health and social services, harm reduction, substance use, and experiences in providing services during COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes throughout each story., Results: Our results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic exposed and amplified pre-existing forms of structural violence and necropolitical logics for IPLH within Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Specifically, we describe how structural violence and necropolitics are manifested via three main avenues- (i) restrictions and removal of care, (ii) bureaucracy and institutional care politics, and (iii) discrimination and systemic racism within the Canadian healthcare system., Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic within Manitoba and Saskatchewan sparked massive changes in service provision within settler-colonial and neoliberal institutions of care. For those services that remained open to IPLH, masking requirements, questionnaire requirements, scheduling requirements, and a lack of in-person services acted as only some of the barriers described by community members as detrimental to care access. Increased experiences of discrimination in health care on the basis of substance use or HIV status further limited access to needed services., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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47. Regional heterogeneity and unexpectedly high abundance of Cooperia punctata in beef cattle at a northern latitude revealed by ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding.
- Author
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De Seram EL, Redman EM, Wills FK, de Queiroz C, Campbell JR, Waldner CL, Parker SE, Avramenko RW, Gilleard JS, and Uehlinger FD
- Subjects
- Alberta epidemiology, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic veterinary, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Ecosystem, Feces parasitology, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract parasitology, Male, Manitoba epidemiology, Parasite Egg Count veterinary, Saskatchewan epidemiology, Trichostrongyloidea genetics, Trichostrongyloidea growth & development, Trichostrongyloidiasis epidemiology, Trichostrongyloidiasis parasitology, Cattle Diseases parasitology, Trichostrongyloidea classification, Trichostrongyloidiasis veterinary
- Abstract
Background: The species composition of cattle gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) communities can vary greatly between regions. Despite this, there is remarkably little large-scale surveillance data for cattle GIN species which is due, at least in part, to a lack of scalable diagnostic tools. This lack of regional GIN species-level data represents a major knowledge gap for evidence-based parasite management and assessing the status and impact of factors such as climate change and anthelmintic drug resistance., Methods: This paper presents a large-scale survey of GIN in beef herds across western Canada using ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding. Individual fecal samples were collected from 6 to 20 randomly selected heifers (n = 1665) from each of 85 herds between September 2016 and February 2017 and 10-25 first season calves (n = 824) from each of 42 herds between November 2016 and February 2017., Results: Gastrointestinal nematode communities in heifers and calves were similar in Alberta and Saskatchewan, with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora being the predominant GIN species in all herds consistent with previous studies. However, in Manitoba, Cooperia punctata was the predominant species overall and the most abundant GIN species in calves from 4/8 beef herds., Conclusions: This study revealed a marked regional heterogeneity of GIN species in grazing beef herds in western Canada. The predominance of C. punctata in Manitoba is unexpected, as although this parasite is often the predominant cattle GIN species in more southerly latitudes, it is generally only a minor component of cattle GIN communities in northern temperate regions. We hypothesize that the unexpected predominance of C. punctata at such a northerly latitude represents a range expansion, likely associated with changes in climate, anthelmintic use, management, and/or animal movement. Whatever the cause, these results are of practical concern since C. punctata is more pathogenic than C. oncophora, the Cooperia species that typically predominates in cooler temperate regions. Finally, this study illustrates the value of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding as a surveillance tool for ruminant GIN parasites., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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48. Integrated Community Policy Uptake Model: responding to select Manitoba and Saskatchewan rural women's experiences of health reform/renewal.
- Author
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Petrucka P and Smith DL
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Manitoba, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Pilot Projects, Saskatchewan, Social Perception, Community Health Services organization & administration, Decision Making, Health Care Reform organization & administration, Health Policy, Rural Health Services organization & administration
- Abstract
Objective: To explore the impacts and implications of health reform/renewal for rural women in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada., Design: The study was a multiple case study approach using mixed methods of focus groups, individual interviews, and trends/utilization analysis., Setting: Three rural communities - two in Saskatchewan; one in Manitoba., Participants: Rural women; non-health providers., Interventions: None., Outcome Measures: None., Results: This paper presents a four phase Integrated Community Policy Uptake Model which is derived from the experiences of rural women during the operationalizing of health reform policy. The model depicts a four phase integration of the health reform or renewal policy; specifically, 'Taking In', 'Taking On', 'Taking Over', and 'Taking Beyond'. The Integrated Community Policy Uptake Model is firmly rooted in the perceptions and opinions of rural women, and is informed by their understanding of health policy., Conclusion: The involvement of rural women in the policy process is necessary. The model proposed potentially encourages women to become more directly engaged in future health policy making and planning. There is also significant potential for this model to inform decision makers of the perceptions, needs, and solutions offered by stakeholders such as rural women.
- Published
- 2008
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49. The human hemoglobin variants in Canada.
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Vella F
- Subjects
- Alberta, Gene Frequency, Humans, Manitoba, Mass Screening, Ontario, Racial Groups, Saskatchewan, Thalassemia blood, Genetic Variation, Hemoglobins, Abnormal
- Abstract
This report summarizes the results of a search for abnormal hemoglobin variants by use of a filter paper electrophoresis technique on 228,300 blood samples obtained from various parts of four Canadian provinces. Abnormal variants were found in 438 samples and were of 27 different varieties, including six new ones. In addition, the characteristics of beta-thalassemia were found in 147 samples. The types of variant found, and their geographical and ethnic origin are presented.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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