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Purpose: To describe the epidemiology, incidence, mortality and survival of ocular cancer in Cali between 1962 and 2019., Methods: Ecological population-based study analyzing data of incidence, mortality, and 5-years survival of malignant ocular tumors from the Populational Cancer Registry of Cali between 1962 and 2019., Results: Between 1962 and 2019, 586 ocular tumors were found, 50.5% occurred in females, the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years (standard deviation = 25), 70.3% of ocular malignancies occurred in >14 years. The average annual incidence rate was 7.8 per million for male and 6.9 per million for females. Retinoblastoma (21%), squamous cell carcinoma (20%), melanoma (16%) and lymphoma (8%) were the most common neoplasm. In those <15 years, the most frequent malignant tumors were retinoblastomas (85.7%), followed by non-specified malignant neoplasm (NOS, 7.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%). In those >14 years, there were NOS (30%), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (28%), melanomas (23%), and lymphomas (9.7%). Conjunctiva (38.2%), retina (21%) and orbit (10%) constituted the majority of anatomical sites of ocular tumors. The survival rate was about 83.2% and mortality did not show a decreasing trend over time ( p  > .05)., Conclusions: The incidence of ocular cancer in Cali has a slightly increasing trend, with stable behavior in the last decades. Squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma are the most frequent ocular cancers, with being retinoblastoma more frequent than melanoma. In general, ocular cancer had good survival rates in Cali.

Against the backdrop of a world in crisis that plays as the stage of the ontological turn and political ontology, and based on long-term research on Colombia's Andean southwest indigenous politics, this article critically assesses political ontologýs claims to the powers of difference. Following Wolin, Mouffe, and Laval and Dardot, it presents a notion of the political that takes into account the passionate, educational and transformative aspects of indigenous political praxis and engagements with commonality. The analysis of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's ontological multinaturalism, Mario Blaser's critique of modernity and Reason, and Arturo Escobar's ontological political practice points at three interconnected problems: the persistent appeal to binary thinking; the making of relativism anew; and the problem regarding the dialogue and knowledge exchange between the ethnographer and the ethnographic subject. Recapturing the political is a way to engage complex and entangled political histories and experiences of democratization in which indigenous peoples emerge as bearers of the political. The feminist concept of situated knowledges is presented as an alternative to deal with knowledge partiality, self-reflexivity, political solidarity, and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical review about the evolution of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) implemented on environmental applications in Colombia (2000‐2020), was developed in this study by means a bibliometric analysis. This country has shown an impressive growth in the last two decades, regarding to the development of AOPs, with promising studies in wastewater treatment based on solar natural light. From this analysis, we found that the heterogeneous photocatalysis (especially the solar photocatalysis) was the most developed AOP in the country, because it was the technology with most studies at pilot‐scale and the only one with a reported real‐scale application. Other AOPs such as: Electrochemical, photo‐Fenton, ultrasound and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO), have been reported as feasible technologies for wastewater treatment, although at lab‐scale. The bibliometric analysis also showed that the Universidad de Antioquia and Universidad del Valle are the research institutions with the most contributions on AOPs in Colombia. This last institution has the largest number of AOPs' patents registered in Colombia. In general, AOPs in Colombia have shown a notorious development in the last 20 years; however, the photocatalysis is the only one that has been used with solar energy. The combination of AOPs with biological systems (or other AOPs) show greater effectiveness to remove pollutants than the AOPs operating standalone. Despite the Colombian progress regarding to these technologies' development, the transfer of AOPs as commercial solutions has been challenging; therefore, possible solutions to these problems were presented in this study in order to achieve a synergistic and efficient evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]