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There has been considerable discussion of sustainable tourism development, in both theory and practice. Less attention has been paid to the discourses, ideologies and power relations which help to shape 'sustainable' tourism policies and planning instruments. This paper analyses recent initiatives introduced by the regional government of the Canary Islands, designed to bring about a more sustainable model of regional tourism, including a temporary moratorium on tourism development and the drafting of a strategic and normative set of guidelines for sustainable tourism. The paper considers the contested nature of the public debate that accompanied these initiatives within the wider context of the regionally distinct pattern of tourism and capitalist development. It is argued that the legacy of uneven development, and the entrenched power of regional economic and political elites, is likely to undermine the prospects for a just model of sustainable tourism, and to consolidate the continuing privatisation of space and socio-spatial inequalities across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout 2020, according to the Spanish Ministry of Home Office, 23,023 irregular migrants reached the coasts of the Canary Islands in Spain, 757% more than the previous year. The migrants left from the coasts of West Africa, mainly from Senegal, trying to reach the nearest European Union (EU) territory. Apart from the migrants who arrived in the Canary Islands, nearly 1,500 stayed on the way, and 594 of them died drowned or of dehydration. Behind this migratory tragedy, there is a combination of factors, with three essential ones operating synergistically: climate change, which is affecting agriculture, fishing and exacerbating coastal erosion; overfishing, which is depleting regional fisheries; and the COVID-19 pandemic, which, in addition to the victims caused, has left the region without tourism, and with an economy in recession. This paper reviews these causal factors, highlighting his influence on migration and the responsibility of migrants receiving countries – especially those in the EU – for the causes of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipalities and regions are often used as an object of tourism analysis at the subnational level. This occurs because administrative borders are used to implement tourism policies and collect statistical information. However, administrative boundaries may not always be suitable for studying tourism destinations at a local level. Sometimes, particularly in high-density tourism destinations, several differentiated tourism areas occupy a single municipality; tourism areas may, and often do, extend beyond municipal boundaries and tourism destinations may not occupy the whole of the municipal area. As such, a new level of analysis is often required: the micro-destination. There are few tourism concepts as imprecise as that of the destination. Therefore, the process of identifying and establishing the boundaries of a micro-destination is by no means a straightforward one. This paper presents six criteria for establishing the boundaries of this type of tourism area. Of these six, the two primary criteria used are: the concentration of tourism establishments; and tourism typologies and supply characteristics. These criteria have been applied as part of a pilot study in the Canary Islands. Statistical information for nine micro-destinations is generated using the geolocation of tourism establishments together with information obtained from both supply-side and demand-side surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

After almost 50 years of quiescence, the Cumbre Vieja rift in La Palma underwent a reactivation process that culminated in the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano from September 19 to December 13, 2021. In July 2021, a magnetic station (CFU) was deployed in the western flank of the Cumbre Vieja rift, 2 km away from the site where the eruptive vents would open two months later. In September 2021, a second magnetic station (SAN) was installed near the southern end of the rift. In this paper we study two months of geomagnetic data at CFU before the eruption and three months of geomagnetic data at SAN during the eruption. The analysis of these time series revealed a magnetic signal at the CFU station with an amplitude of 10 nT and a duration of 10 days by mid-August, one month before the eruption onset. We studied possible correlations with other physical parameters (ground deformation, long-period and very-long-period seismic activity) and concluded that this signal could be related to changes in the magnetization of rocks beneath the volcanic edifice caused by magma intrusion and volcanic/hydrothermal fluids circulation preceding the eruption. At the SAN magnetic station, the time series suggests that a slight decrease in the geomagnetic field could reflect the end of the eruptive process. • Three magnetic stations were deployed at La Palma in 2021. • Geomagnetic field time series acquired before/during the 2021 eruption were analyzed. • We identified a volcanomagnetic signal one month before the eruption onset. • This signal had an amplitude of 10 nT and a duration of ∼10 days. • It correlates with ground deformation and long-period seismic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses cause lawyering as a critical form of resistance to uneven European Union (EU) mobility regimes. Grounded in the proclamation of a migration crisis during 2020–21 in the Canary Islands, Spain, when newly arrived racialized migrants in irregular situations faced different types of (im)mobilization during their transits to continental Europe, the article shows that cause lawyering is a significant strategy for disputing exclusionary dimensions of law and policy, and/or (im)mobility regulations when rules are arbitrarily applied or violated. The case is illustrated ethnographically and follows various expert lawyers in migration working within formal or informal structures, as well as non-lawyer allies such as ombudsmen, activists, friends, or migrant families, who facilitate the navigation of migrant mobilities using human rights and national and international laws and regulations. The analysis focuses on their actions in practice and shows how they challenge specific mobility rules within the EU's mobility regimes, create procedures to deal with bureaucracies and problems regarding access to legal services, and strategically litigate individual cases in local, national and supranational jurisdictions. By drawing attention to the plurality of actors performing mobility-related cause lawyering to challenge uneven regimes of (im)mobility, the article contributes to the critical work that analyses practices of migrant resistance by going beyond the portrayals of unauthorized migrants battling alone against the odds as victims or heroes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the study `Dental Paleopathology Among the Guanches: An Analysis of Regional Variation on the Island of Tenerife, Canary Islands' by Helen Vallianatos and John R. Lukacs.

Presents an abstract of the study `Mitochondrial DNA studies of the origins of the aboriginal people of the Canary Islands (Gaunches),' by SE Lentz, PK Rogan and CR Martin. Use of ancient, human mitochondrial polymorphisms to derive genetic relationships between the Gaunches and contemporary descendant populations.

On 2029 April 13, asteroid Apophis will pass within six times of the Earth's radius (∼31 000 km above the surface) in the closest approach of this asteroid in recorded history. This event provides unique scientific opportunities to study the asteroid, its orbit, and surface characteristics at an exceptionally close distance. In this paper, we perform a novel synthetic geometrical, geographical, and temporal analysis of the conditions under which the asteroid can be observed from the Earth with a particular emphasis on the conditions and scientific opportunities for bistatic radar observations, the most feasible radar technique applicable during such a close approach. For this purpose, we compile a list of present and future radio observatories or radio facilities around the globe, which could participate in bistatic radar observation campaigns during the close approach of Apophis. We estimate signal-to-noise ratios, apparent sky rotation, surface coverage, and other observing conditions. We find that a global collaboration of observatories across Australia, Africa, Europe, and America will produce high-resolution delay-Doppler radar images with signal-to-noise ratios above 108, while covering ∼85 per cent of the asteroid surface. Moreover, if properly coordinated, the extreme approach of the asteroid might allow for radio amateur detection of the signals sent by large radio observatories, and citizen science projects could then be organized. We also find that for visual observations, the Canary Islands will offer the best observing conditions during the closest approach, both for professionals as well as for amateurs. The apparent size of Apophis will be 2–3 times larger than typically seeing, allowing for resolved images of the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the first record of a Chara connivens (Characeae) stand from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain). The species was previously recorded only on Tenerife and Lanzarote, mostly in marine and artificial habitats. Physicochemical parameters of water and morphological features of the thalli and plant community were analyzed. General habitat requirements of C. connivens populations located in Europe, North Africa, and South-West Asia were reviewed. The newly described stand was located in a natural rock crevice that was part of a riverbed in El Barranco de las Peñitas (Penitas Canyon). This habitat was unshaded and filled with brackish water. C. connivens co-occurred with Cladophora glomerata and Ruppia maritima. Our report on the presence of C. connivens in the Spanish territory of the Atlantic Ocean is the first in almost 40 years. The distribution of C. connivens and its plant associations on the Canary Archipelago are poorly explored, which is why this topic requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), a physical–biogeochemical coupled model system has been developed to monitor and forecast the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystem of the European waters and more specifically on the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) area. The CMEMS IBI coupled model covers the north-east Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands to Iceland, including the North Sea and the western Mediterranean, with a NEMO-PISCES 1/36 ∘ model application. The coupled system has been providing 7 d weekly ocean forecasts for CMEMS since April 2018. Prior to its operational launch, a pre-operational qualification simulation (2010–2016) has allowed assessing the model's capacity to reproduce the main biogeochemical and ecosystem features of the IBI area. The objective of this paper is then to describe the consistency and skill assessment of the PISCES biogeochemical model using this 7-year qualification simulation. The model results are compared with available satellite estimates as well as in situ observations (ICES, EMODnet and BGC-Argo). The simulation successfully reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll a and net primary production, and confirms that PISCES is suitable at such a resolution and can be used for operational analysis and forecast applications. This model system can be a useful tool to better understand the current state and changes in the marine biogeochemistry of European waters and can also provide key variables for developing indicators to monitor the health of marine ecosystems. These indicators may be of interest to scientists, policy makers, environmental agencies and the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. The second legacy catalog of Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) sources, hereafter PSZ2, provides the largest galaxy cluster sample selected by means of the SZ signature of the clusters in a full sky survey. In order to fully characterize this PSZ2 sample for cosmological studies, all the members should be validated and the physical properties of the clusters, including mass and redshift, should be derived. However, at the time of its publication, roughly 21% of the 1653 PSZ2 members had no known counterpart at other wavelengths. Aims. Here, we present the second and last year of observations of our optical follow-up program 128-MULTIPLE-16/15B (hereafter LP15), which has been developed with the aim of validating all the unidentified PSZ2 sources in the northern sky with declinations higher than −15° that have no correspondence in the first Planck catalog PSZ1. The description of the program and the first year of observations have been presented previously. Methods. The LP15 program was awarded 44 observing nights that were spread over two years with the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), and the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), all at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma). Following the same method as described previously, we performed deep optical imaging for more than 200 sources with the INT and spectroscopy for almost 100 sources with the TNG and GTC at the end of the LP15 program. We adopted robust confirmation criteria based on velocity dispersion and richness estimates for the final classification of the new galaxy clusters as the optical counterparts of the PSZ2 detections. Results. Here, we present the observations of the second year of LP15, as well as the final results of the program. The full LP15 sample comprises 190 previously unidentified PSZ2 sources. Of these, 106 objects were studied before, while the remaining sample (except for 6 candidates) has been completed in the second year and is discussed here. In addition to the LP15 sample, we here study 42 additional PSZ2 objects that were originally validated as real clusters because they matched a WISE or PSZ1 counterpart, but they had no measured spectroscopic redshift. In total, we confirm the optical counterparts for 81 PSZ2 sources after the full LP15 program, 55 of them with new spectroscopic information. Forty of these 81 clusters are presented in this paper. After the LP15 observational program the purity of the PSZ2 catalog has increased from 76.7% originally to 86.2%. In addition, we study the possible reasons for false detection, and we report a clear correlation between the number of unconfirmed sources and galactic thermal dust emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kudoid myxozoans have been reported causing serious chronic problems in marine fisheries, by reducing the market value of infected fish through pathological damage to the host musculature. We report here the overall prevalence of a Kudoa species in 84/277 (30.3%) fishes from 20 different species of high commercial value captured between October 2011 and December 2013 from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 34 commercial fishing area, near the coast of the Canary Islands (Spain). Macroscopic examination showed myxozoan-like cysts in skeletal muscle from 5 of the 20 fish species examined, with the following prevalences: Pagellus acarne (86.7%), Pagellus erythrinus (46.5%), Serranus cabrilla (27.8%), Spondyliosoma cantharus (19.4%), and Sarpa salpa (28.6%). Infection intensity was determined based on spore counts following muscle tissue digestion. Morphometric studies to characterize the species and DNA sequence analysis results suggest that these infections are attributable to a Kudoa species closely related to Kudoa trachuri. This paper reports the first study on a multivalvulidan species to be identified from the Canary Islands. Furthermore, this is the first report of Kudoa parasites in all of the hosts mentioned above, with the exception of P. acarne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an interpolation model for monthly rainfall in large areas of complex orography. It has been implemented in the Iberian Peninsula (continental territories of Spain and Portugal), Balearic and Canary Islands covering a territory of almost 600.000 km2. To do this a data set that comprises a total number of 11,822 monthly precipitation series has been created (11,042 provided by the Spanish Meteorological Agency and 780 provided by the National Water Resources Information System of the Portuguese Water Institute). The data set covers the period from October 1940 until September 2005. The interpolation model has been based on the assumption of two different components on monthly precipitation. The first component reflects local and seasonal characteristics and 24 different mean monthly precipitation maps (12) and SDs maps (12) compose it. It considers the varying influence of physiographic variables such as altitude and orientation. The second precipitation component reflects the synoptic pattern that dominated each month of the series and it is composed by series of anomalies of monthly precipitation (780). Anomalies have been interpolated by means of ordinary kriging once local spatial continuity was assumed. Gridded maps of each variable have been developed at 200 m resolution following a hybrid methodology that implements two different interpolation techniques. The first technique applies a regression analysis to derive maps depending on altitude and orientation; the second one is a weighting technique to consider the non‐linearity of the precipitation/altitude dependence. Cross validation has been applied to estimate the goodness of both techniques. Results show an average annual precipitation of 655 mm/year. Although this figure is only 4% less than the estimate of MAGRAMA (2004), regional and local differences are highlighted when the spatial distribution is considered. The model constitutes a comprehensive implementation considering the availability of historical records and the need of avoiding slow calculations in large territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to study the process of linguistic change recently detected in the pronominal system of the Spanish variety from the Canary Islands. According to a number of parameters which define the domain of study, such as age, gender, sociocultural level, origin, residence and possible influence of other varieties, the survey makes use of data extracted from the social network Facebook comments to try to find out to what extend the pronominal system generally used in the Canary Islands has undergone a relevant change and what kind of system(s) can best represent the linguistic competence of at least some part of this speech community. Finally, it discusses whether or not the attested change can be related to linguistic self-esteem problems or the influence of peninsular Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider what may happen to the marine ecosystem of Gran Canaria Island within the 2030 horizon, if fishing strategies different from those currently in place were implemented and we evaluate the effect of, for example, reduction of recreational–artisanal fishing, limitation of catches (e.g. total allowable catches, TAC), or spatial distribution of fishing sectors. From all scenarios tested, only those that significantly reduce the high effort of the recreational fishing would allow the recovery of the most exploited stocks in the marine ecosystem in the short and medium‐term. Moreover, the best management strategy, in contribution to abundance, was obtained with a scenario that has a spatial partition of exploitation rights between artisanal and recreational fishermen and includes no‐fishing zones (NTZ). This work is a first attempt to use spatial and temporal models to assess the effectiveness of alternative fishery policies in the Canary Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the estimation of the power output of a wind farm enables greater integration of this type of energy source in electrical systems. The development of accurate models that represent the real operation of a wind farm is one way to attain this objective. A wind farm power curve model is proposed in this paper which is developed using artificial neural networks, and a study is undertaken of the influence on model performance when parameters such as the meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction) of areas other than the wind farm location are added as signals of the input layer of the neural network. Using such information could be of interest, either to study possible improvements that could be obtained in the performance of the original model, which uses exclusively the meteorological conditions of the area where the wind farm is located, or simply because no reliable meteorological data for the area of the wind farm are available. In the study developed it is deduced that the incorporation of meteorological data from an additional weather station other than that of the wind farm site can improve by up to 17.6% the performance of the original model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the colonialities of trans/gender and the Canary Islands to interrogate the in/adequacy of critical theory as a tool applied to Global South issues. In both cases, critical theory is found to be lacking due to its compulsion to predetermine and essentialise relations, which undermines its capacity to engage with the multiplicitous im/possibilities of trans/gender and post/coloniality. In lieu of a critical approach, the authors each engage with relational ontologies that offer a more capacious relationship with their respective colonialities. In the case of trans/gender, agential realism offers Pasley a means to trace the entanglements, potentiating more response-able becomings. For Ramirez, te Ao Māori allows her to imagine a future reconfigured to account for the multiple tensions that co-constitute Canary Island relationships with colonisation. While trans/gender and the Canary Islands are perhaps not an obvious pairing, the im/possibilities offered by each are deeply entangled in colonisation and the ongoing reconfiguration of colonialities in the pursuit of more just worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Small and medium tourism enterprises are not prepared for the continued market turmoil which will remain the norm following the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation is a key driver to success and resilience, but few have adopted enough to survive. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security concerns, climate change impacts, and increased pressure on conventional water resources have encouraged the agricultural use of nonconventional water resources in the last decade. As a result, desalinated seawater (DSW) has already consolidated its position as an alternative source to increase the supply for crop irrigation in Spain and Israel, where farmers' acceptance is progressively on the rise. The first experiences in these regions highlighted that DSW agricultural use involves new agronomic, economic, and environmental challenges which require innovative research approaches and imply novel water management strategies. In this Special Issue, eight high-quality papers which present current research trials and study cases, covering a wide range of topics that are relevant when irrigating with DSW, have been selected. The papers came from the three regions of the world that currently have a massive agricultural DSW supply: Southeastern Spain, Israel, and the Canary Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia is the property of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The management of disposed waste in illegal landfills (ILs) is a significant problem in contemporary societies due to respective hazards for the environment and human health. This paper presents a characterisation of ILs on the islands of La Palma (LP) and Gran Canaria (GC) based on multivariable statistical analysis. Inspection of numerous sites on both islands revealed a total of 153 and 286 ILs on LP and GC, respectively. A geospatial database was created composed of different potentially explanatory features of different typology (177): waste type, control and vigilance, socioeconomic, accessibility, distance to elements of interest, visibility and physical. The degree of association between the explanatory features and the occurrence of ILs was analysed with the support of exploratory statistics and the multivariable analysis techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and binary logistic regression (LR). PCA explained 82.34% and 81.83% of total data variance in LP and GC, respectively, considering 7 and 6 components (Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin; LP: 0.715; GC: 0.711). The LR models for LP and GC had an overall accuracy of 93.5% and 92.5%. In LP and GC, 6 of 23 features and 9 of 21 features were, respectively, selected. The features most associated with the occurrence of ILs were: in LP, building density, distance to agricultural spaces and distance to green zones; in GC, the industrial activity indicator, density of ground use transition to artificial covers, density of greenhouses and distance to communication routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuaternario y Geomorfología is the property of Cuaternario y Geomorfologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are three species of Phoenix (Arecaceae) in the territory of the European Union, P. canariensis, P. dactylifera and P. theophrasti, found in wild-native populations, feral, planted and intermediate states, accounting each for thousands of individuals. The EU Habitats Directive has addressed the conservation of P. theophrasti and P. canariensis under the habitat type 9370, ‘Palm groves of Phoenix,’ but neglected to include the wild-growing populations of P. dactylifera palms in southern Spain. In this paper, we survey the habitats and status of both representative native and naturalized populations of Phoenix, in total 103, through fieldwork, image analysis and review of literature. We underline the significance of feral populations and palms originating from ancient abandoned plantations, existing in protected areas as a reservoir of genetic variation. We conclude that, in order to improve their conservation status by adequate protection and conservation management, the concept of Phoenix palm groves in the Habitats Directive should be redefined to include the western group of P. dactylifera and the various habitats of P. canariensis and P. theophrasti that do not appear in the current definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human occupation of coastal strips generates pressures that can trigger severe degradation processes in marine ecosystems and threaten human livelihoods and the sustainability of the socio-ecological system. In this context, monitoring the conservation status of algal and benthic plant communities, as the basis of coastal ecosystems, is essential for the sustainability of coastal environments. The paper presents a bionomic investigation in a shallow water beach-reef coastal system called Las Canteras, in the Canary Islands (Spain). The work aims to generate a high-resolution mapping, according to standardised rules, of the marine habitats of an area with high ecological value showing signs of severe degradation due to anthropogenic pressure. For this purpose, direct observation techniques were combined with hyperspectral remote sensing techniques. The bathymetric, sedimentological and biological data collected were combined to generate detailed mapping of 13 marine habitats according to the Spanish Inventory of Marine Habitats and Species (IEHEM by its initials in Spanish) classification system. Comparison of these results with previous studies since 1960 shows total regression of the most sensitive species of marine habitats in the Canary Islands, such as Cymodocea nodosa, as well as the decline of sandy substrates which are fundamental for maintenance of the local coastal socio-ecological system. • High-resolution mapping of marine habitats in shallow waters of high ecological value is presented. • Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques and in situ observations have been used. • Information on bathymetry, substrates and benthic communities have been derived and combined. • The decline of key species in the marine ecosystems of the Canary Islands has been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the imperative transition towards renewable energy for the powering of desalination technologies, focusing particularly on island contexts. The Canary Archipelago serves as a unique wind energy-desalination laboratory, with numerous experimental projects conducted since the late 1980s. The lessons learnt that are identified in this paper highlight the critical factors influencing project success or failure, including the modernization of desalination plants, the optimal selection of wind farm sites and turbine technology, adequate resources for operating and maintenance tasks, and optimal battery sizing to minimize system shutdowns. In this context, reverse osmosis emerges as the most advantageous technology for variable operating conditions. System interfaces between wind turbines and desalination units are also discussed and it is identified that further research is needed for mechanical or hydrostatic interface systems, while electrical interface systems suit low-medium water demand areas. Recommendations are given for system design and maintenance with the aim of providing valuable information for other island communities grappling with the water-energy nexus and climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hernández Alemán A. and León C. J. Determinants of internal and external immigration to the Canary Islands, Regional Studies. This paper analyses the determinants of internal and external immigration to the Canary Islands, within the impacts of the regulatory changes in Spain's immigration policy. It utilizes a structural equations system approach for both internal and external immigration. The results show that immigration policies have had a positive impact on immigration flows, and that major economic variables have played a more relevant role than the pleasant climate. However, external immigration has been more affected by the pleasant weather than internal immigration. The positive impact of previous immigration raises doubts about the potential efficiency of the family reunion policy. Hernández Alemán A. et León C. J. Les déterminants de l'immigration intérieure et extérieure aux Canaries, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les déterminants de l'immigration intérieure et extérieure aux Canaries dans le cadre des retombées des modifications aux dispositions réglementaires à la politique de l'immigration en Espagne. On emploie une façon basée sur un système d'équations structurelles à la fois pour l'immigration intérieure et extérieure. Les résultats laissent voir que les politiques de l'immigration ont eu un effet positif sur les flux d'immigrés, et que les principales variables économiques ont joué un rôle plus pertinent que le climat agréable. Cependant, l'immigration extérieure a été plus touchée par le climat agréable que par l'immigration intérieure. L'effet positif de l'immigration antérieure soulève certaines questions quant à l'efficacité éventuelle de la politique de réunion familiale. Déterminants de l'immigration?Canaries?Système d'équations?Politique de l'immigration?Immigration intérieure et extérieure Hernández Alemán A. und León C. J. Determinanten der internen und externen Immigration zu den Kanarischen Inseln, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die Determinanten der internen und externen Immigration zu den Kanarischen Inseln innerhalb der Auswirkungen der Gesetzesänderungen der Einwanderungspolitik Spaniens. Sowohl die interne als auch die externe Immigration werden mit Hilfe eines strukturellen Gleichungssystems untersucht. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass sich die Einwanderungspolitiken positiv auf die Einwanderungsströme ausgewirkt haben und dass die wirtschaftlichen Hauptvariablen eine wichtigere Rolle gespielt haben als das angenehme Klima. Allerdings wurde die externe Immigration stärker durch das angenehme Klima beeinflusst als die interne Immigration. Die positive Auswirkung der früheren Immigration lässt Zweifel an der potenziellen Wirksamkeit der Politik zur Familienzusammenführung aufkommen. Determinanten der Immigration?Kanarische Inseln?Gleichungssystem?Immigrationspolitik?Interne und externe Immigration Hernández Alemán A. y León C. J. Determinantes de la inmigración interior y exterior en las Islas Canarias, Regional Studies. Este artículo analiza los determinantes de la inmigración exterior e interior en Canarias, y los impactos de las políticas de inmigración. Se utiliza un sistema de ecuaciones estructurales para la inmigración interior y exterior. Los resultados muestran que las políticas de inmigración han tenido un impacto positivo en los flujos inmigratorios, y que las variables económicas han desempeñado un papel más relevante que el clima. Sin embargo, la inmigración exterior ha sido más afectada por el clima que la interior. Los impactos positivos de la inmigración corriente en los flujos cuestionan la eficacia de las políticas de reunión familiar. Determinantes de la inmigración?Islas Canarias?Sistema de ecuaciones?Política de inmigración?Inmigración exterior e interior [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically reviews the status of the 'lotus vines' ( Lotus section Rhyncholotus) in the wild and in cultivation. The literature concerning the conservation status of this group is scattered and in many places is not updated. Besides, the most recent efforts in conservation on this group have not been published in widely available sources and are mainly published in Spanish. Our aims in this paper are to compile the most recent information regarding the conservation status, studies on genetic diversity and the latest strategies for the conservation of this group. The four species are all critically endangered in the wild. Two species ( Lotus berthelotii and L. maculatus) are widely cultivated in Europe and North America but the range of genotypes in cultivation is likely to be small, as the plants are propagated by cuttings. Hybrids between these two species are also in cultivation, and some have been patented. Commercial horticulture has considerable implications for overall conservation strategies, and these implications are discussed. We suggest that a circa situm conservation could improve the conservation strategies of these four species in the Canary Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphosites and geotourism in volcanic landscape: the example of La Corona del Lajial cinder cone (El Hierro, Canary Islands, Spain). Volcanic landscapes are very often visited by tourists. This paper underlines the relevance of geomorphological heritage as a tourist resource through an assessment of the different geosites (scientific or intrinsic values, cultural or added values and use and managements values) present in La Corona del Lajial Volcano, located in the Canarian island of El Hierro (Spain). El Hierro receives a type of sustainable tourism related to its ecotourist offer based on products like diving or hiking. However, the volcanoes on the island are not appreciated enough as a tourist attraction. The objective of this paper is to highlight the tourist potential of volcanic geomorphology as a tourist resource and alternative activity to diving, by means of the creation of new ecotouristic products such as volcanic hiking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong geographical isolation within the distribution of a species may result in differentiated lineages exhibiting conspicuous phenotypic differences. In the present paper, we investigate whether plastid and phenotypic variation is geographically structured within the Olea europaea complex in Macaronesia, which comprises three subspecies separated by oceanic barriers: maroccana (south-west Morocco), guanchica (Canary Islands) and cerasiformis (Madeira archipelago). Plastid variation showed a significant pattern of geographical structure (NST > GST = 0.56), because of the lack of shared haplotypes among subspecies and the presence of a single and private haplotype in the eastern Canary Islands. Such a clear molecular structure, however, was not reflected in a congruent pattern of phenotypic differentiation among taxa in leaf morpho-functional traits. Despite the substantial genetic differentiation observed between the subspecies from Madeira and the Canary Islands, they displayed both higher leaf size (leaf area) and specific leaf area (leaf surface area-to-mass ratio) than their continental counterparts, probably as a result of oceanic conditions in subtropical environments. Unlike most of the plant groups previously studied in the Macaronesian region, the lineages of Olea illustrate how low phenotypic differentiation can be also related to a clear molecular differentiation in oceanic island enclaves. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162, 54–63. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with how to recognise if the patterns of homophily found in a social network are resilient to small disturbances that may occur in that network. Data from a survey of students in a secondary school in the Canary Islands were replicated using an agent-based model. The model calculated homophily indices and their statistical significance and then simulated small alterations in the distribution of links. The results clearly show that some homophily indices resist these kinds of perturbations and others do not. Evidence suggests that the distribution of individuals across the social network communities is a key factor in explaining why certain patterns of relationships are more resilient than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist activity constitutes one of the signs of Economic and socio-cultural development in the Canaries; it is considered the fundamental and strategic point of regional economic growth and the driving force behind the growth of other section. This paper attempts to define and provide a more in-depth study and awareness of these questions. For this reason, the prompt identification and appropriate response to these structural changes and new demands will aid the hospitality sector in achieving suitable competitive advantages. The aim of the paper is to analyse various organisational factors affecting hotel units located in different tourism destinations in the Canary Islands and to study distinctive organisational populations, with their own contextual and structural answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the World Heritage Site of Garajonay National Park on the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands). It is based on a research project carried out during 1999-2000 that explored the circumstances surrounding its declaration as a National Park and inclusion into the World Heritage List, in conjunction with the consequences for local communities which ensued. The proximity of Garajonay National Park to a large concentration of mass coastal tourism constitutes a further source of potential conflict which may have a wider relevance to other sites of a similar and indeed diverse nature. This paper, therefore, examines the configurations of space and social relations occasioned by the processes of social change, conservation and tourism development in and adjacent to this protected forest. In doing so it elucidates the manner in which these processes are locally mediated in and through contested values over the meaning and purpose of nature conservation in this 'world heritage space'. It argues that a sense of the forest as a place of cultural belonging has been marginalised in favour of its intrinsic ecological value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parliamentary websites have become one of the most important windows for citizens and media to follow the activities of their legislatures and to hold parliaments to account. Therefore, most parliamentary institutions aim to provide new multimedia solutions capable of displaying video fragments on demand on plenary activities. This paper presents a multimedia system for parliamentary institutions to produce video fragments on demand through a website with linked information and public feedback that helps to explain the content shown in these fragments. A prototype implementation has been developed for the Canary Islands Parliament (Spain) and shows how traditional parliamentary streaming systems can be enhanced by the use of semantics and computer vision for video analytics. The semantic web technologies used make search capabilities on parliamentary websites available to users to retrieve video fragments on demand with accurate and timely information. In addition, video analytic techniques enable the automation of identifying representative keyframes to be annotated by parliamentary experts. As a result, parliaments are able to enhance citizens' access to information and ensure that these institutions are more open and accountable on their websites and; at the same time, the labor-intensive tasks of parliamentary experts are considerably reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Virtual Archaeology Review is the property of Virtual Archaeology Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to assess public preferences and WTP for policies addressing social inclusion. As a result of surveying 1250 residents in the Canary Islands (Spain) it has been found that society is highly sensitive to price, since people always choose to pay the cheapest option in support of social inclusion. In addition, the interviewees show a greater preference for basic income as a form of policy with a WTP of about 60 euros, while the WTP for other programmes related to awareness are less than 39 euros/year. The study allows to formulate a package of recommendations to increase the effectiveness of current policies aiming to promote a more inclusive and resilient society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the economic sectors that contributes the most to the gross domestic product in many countries, moving, in turn, other economic sectors such as transport. In particular, the automotive industry constitutes an economic subsector that moves vast amounts of money. Concerning tourism and transport sectors, car rental is a crucial element contributing considerably to gross domestic product and job creation. Due to the effects that vehicle rental seems to have on various economic sectors, it seems interesting to know why a tourist chooses to rent a car during their vacation in a specific destination. This work aims to study those factors that can be considered relevant and affect the probability of renting a vehicle. The document addressed the following research topics: (a) identifying significant variables; and (b) can information on these factors help car rental firms? Empirically, it is shown that more tourists do not rent a car and this fact has to be considered. Thus, the classical logistic and Bayesian regression models do not seem adequate in this case, so that the authors will consider an asymmetric logistic regression model. This work analyzes 28,235 tourists who visited the Canary Islands during 2017. From a Bayesian point of view, asymmetric logistics regression is chosen as the best model because it detects relevant development factors not seen by standard logistic regressions. In light of the document's findings, various practice recommendations improve decision-making in this field. The asymmetric logit link is a helpful device that can help rental companies make decisions about their clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the way of proceeding graphically, through architectural drawing, during the rationalist period in the Canary Islands. For this purpose, we have used a paradigmatic figure among the architects who developed their professional activity in the islands, his name is Miguel Martín Fernández de la Torre, who estudied architecture at the Madrid School of Architecture. The architectural proposals made in his professional development have been carried out in the different islands of the archipelago, we are going to concentrate on some works of his large graphic production, these exemplify his production; some of these works are registered in the Iberian DOCOMOMO. The drawing of rationalism in the Canary Islands, seen through the drawings of this architect, is framed within the coordinates of Spanish rationalism, which confirms that the communication networks between professionals functioned in a fairly fluid manner; likewise, the contribution of international information is also confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) shows great potential for studying the wooden raw materials used by the indigenous population during the Prehispanic period based on xylological analyses from domestic and funerary contexts. This paper includes archaeobotanical data from wooden funerary artefacts recovered from several archaeological contexts of the island and deposited at El Museo Canario (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain). Our results provide pioneering data as only a few xylological and anthracological analyses have been carried out on this island. Thus, the preferential use of pinewood (Pinus canariensis) for the manufacture of most of the artefacts is suggested, although dragon tree wood (Dracaena sp.) has also been identified in some funerary boards. Wood selection criteria not focusing on healthy wood has been suggested based on a combination of the microscopic observation of fungal decay patterns and archaeoentomological data. In addition to this, morpho-technological analysis suggests extensive woodworking knowledge in a geographic context lacking metal ores. Further xylological and experimental research, including other islands of the archipelago, is needed to obtain a more comprehensive perspective of wood procurement and use during the Prehispanic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery and analyses of perishable non-charred archaeological wood is extremely rare. Traceological analyses in general are still scarce and mainly focused on waterlogged remains. Ancient desiccated wood from the Canary Islands offers an exceptional opportunity to identify the processes and techniques of the indigenous populations prior to the arrival in the 14th and 15th centuries AD of European colonists. This paper offers xylological and morpho-technological data linked to artefacts recovered in cliffside Prehispanic communal granaries in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). The findings gleaned from a combination of xylological and traceological analyses are for the moment the first of their type of the archipelago's indigenous contexts. The data suggest the widespread exploitation of pine (Pinus canariensis) and fig tree (Ficus carica) and advances several analytical categories for wood artefacts and fragments. The identification and description of the different traces is followed by hypotheses as to the technical actions and the nature of the active edges of the stone tools. Thus, work-waste is identified and linked to several technical actions with the aim of reconstructing the chaînes opératoires. Moreover, further experimental research could offer a better understanding of the functions of these wooden artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Canary Islands are still largely dependent on expensive imported fossil fuels, are stressed by the increasing touristic impact and are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to water scarcity. Water desalinisation is an energy-demanding process and is essential to the sustainable development of these islands. The aim of this study is to explore the potential advantages of a hybrid installation, exploiting two different renewable energy sources, specifically waves and solar, to supply a large desalination plant in Tenerife. The paper ultimately provides a generally applicable procedure for the design of hybrid installations, including three steps: the assessment of available renewable energy sources, the optimal combination of these sources and finally the economic assessment. The wave and solar resources are assessed first, then the hybrid installation is conceptually designed, proposing a criterion for the optimal mixing of the renewable energy sources that can be applied to other resources and other sites. The basic idea is to maximise the exploitation of the renewable power, minimizing the need of the fossil-based back-up system. The costs of the hybrid installation are finally assessed considering the sensitivity to government incentives, showing that the project parity point is reached within the lifetime of typical desalination plants (i.e. 40 years) and can be significantly more attractive in case of Feed-In-Tariffs available in other European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case study of the Canary Islands (Spain) considered in this paper involves the historical problem of resolving the demand for freshwater. After many years, the focus in the islands turned towards seawater desalination processes to provide safe water for, above all, its citizens, agriculture, and tourism. Due to the high demand for freshwater, the Canary Islands have been a world pioneer in desalination issues, improving the techniques and materials used. While several desalination technologies are available, today the most used worldwide is reverse osmosis. The major drawback of desalination is the high energy cost that the process requires. To this can be added the peculiarities of the electricity generation system in the Canary Islands, which generates more emissions per unit of energy produced compared with the system in mainland Spain. In this study, we selected a desalination plant located on the island of Tenerife, specifically in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona and, after determining its technical characteristics, calculated its ecological footprint. For this, we performed various calculations, including the carbon fixing capacity of forests in the Canary Islands (expressed per hectare) and the total amount of emissions produced in the generation of energy to feed the desalination plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest evidence suggests that multi-hazards and their interrelationships (e.g., triggering, compound, and consecutive hazards) are becoming more frequent across Europe, underlying a need for resilience building by moving from single-hazard-focused to multi-hazard risk assessment and management. Although significant advancements were made in our understanding of these events, mainstream practice is still focused on risks due to single hazards (e.g., flooding, earthquakes, droughts), with a limited understanding of the stakeholder needs on the ground. To overcome this limitation, this paper sets out to understand the challenges for moving towards multi-hazard risk management through the perspective of European stakeholders. Based on five workshops across different European pilots (Danube Region, Veneto Region, Scandinavia, North Sea, and Canary Islands) and an expert workshop, we identify five prime challenges: i) governance, ii) knowledge of multi-hazards and multi-risks, iii) existing approaches to disaster risk management, iv) translation of science to policy and practice, and v) lack of data. These challenges are inherently linked and cannot be tackled in isolation with path dependency posing a significant hurdle in transitioning from single- to multi-hazard risk management. Going forward, we identify promising approaches for overcoming some of the challenges, including emerging approaches for multi-hazard characterisation, a common understanding of terminology, and a comprehensive framework for guiding multi-hazard risk assessment and management. We argue for a need to think beyond natural hazards and include other threats in creating a comprehensive overview of multi-hazard risks, as well as promoting thinking of multi-hazard risk reduction in the context of larger development goals. • We identify 5 core challenges for multi-hazard risk assessment and management in Europe. • Governance and knowledge of multi-hazard risk pose the greatest challenges. • Challenges in practices, science-to-policy, and data limit multi-hazard risk management. • We identify ways forward to ease the shift to multi-hazard risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the challenges isolated islands face in transitioning from fossil fuel-based electricity generation to renewable energy sources. The Canary Islands serve as a case study, where photovoltaic and wind power are the primary renewables, but their variability requires a deep techno-economic analysis. The island's energy demand is predicted to rise by 100% due to economic growth, electrification and electric vehicles. However, implementing renewable systems encounters obstacles, such as limited suitable sites and protected areas. The study uses Wilks' methodology and Monte Carlo sampling to explore 59 combinations of randomly selected inputs of the uncertain variables, aiming for a 95/95% coverage and confidence level in the results. In most cases, they experience energy shortages, failing to meet electric demand. Even though a new generation mix appears to cover demand under all circumstances, the uncertainty unveils a different reality, leading to an approximate 25% increase in system costs. Surpluses in energy generation, while seemingly positive, can pose challenges. The new system's Levelized Cost of Energy increases from around 14 to 17c€/kWh. These cost increases are contingent upon future performance and the variability of uncertain parameters, leading to excesses ranging from slightly below 25% to over 40%. • Demand coverage scenario designed to meet electric demand through renewable sources. • Uncertainty analysis of a scenario for the complete electrification of the economy. • Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty analysis implementing the Wilks' methodology. • Resizing the system to cover the demand with 95% coverage and confidence levels. • Differences in using deterministic and stochastic methods for electric demand coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active hotspot volcanism is the surface expression of ongoing dynamic subsurface changes, such as the generation, transport, and stalling of magmas within the upper mantle and crust. Magmatic influx and migration affects local stress patterns in the crust and lithospheric mantle, which influences seismic anisotropy. A better understanding of those patterns helps improve robustness of models forecasting the likelihood of an eruption and prolonged seismicity, with detailed studies being required to observe the significant variations that can occur on small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we investigate seismic anisotropy before, during and after volcanic eruptions. We use local seismicity around El Hierro and La Palma, the two westernmost islands in the Canaries and sites of the most recent volcanic eruptions in the archipelago. We obtained 215 results in El Hierro during and after the 2011/2012 eruption with five three-component broadband seismic stations and 908 results around the 2021 eruption in La Palma with two three-component broadband stations. On La Palma, the majority of seismicity and splitting results are recorded during the eruption and simultaneous deflation of the island. Seismicity locations do not change significantly and fast shear wave polarisation direction is mostly constant, but some variation can be attributed to changes in the magmatic plumbing system. On El Hierro, the general radial pattern reflects stresses induced by the overall uplift of the island during multiple magma intrusion events. Temporal subsets reveal significant variations in location and depth of the events, as well as significant variations in fast polarisation direction caused by ongoing dynamic changes of under- and overpressurisation. An increase of results starting in 2018 hints towards renewed subsurface activity within deeper parts of the plumbing system, affecting the rate of overall seismicity but not any vertical movement of the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human colonization of the Canary Islands represents the sole known expansion of Berber communities into the Atlantic Ocean and is an example of marine dispersal carried out by an African population. While this island colonization shows similarities to the populating of other islands across the world, several questions still need to be answered before this case can be included in wider debates regarding patterns of initial colonization and human settlement, human-environment interactions, and the emergence of island identities. Specifically, the chronology of the first human settlement of the Canary Islands remains disputed due to differing estimates of the timing of its first colonization. This absence of a consensus has resulted in divergent hypotheses regarding the motivations that led early settlers to migrate to the islands, e.g., ecological or demographic. Distinct motivations would imply differences in the strategies and dynamics of colonization; thus, identifying them is crucial to understanding how these populations developed in such environments. In response, the current study assembles a comprehensive dataset of the most reliable radiocarbon dates, which were used for building Bayesian models of colonization. The findings suggest that i) the Romans most likely discovered the islands around the 1st century BCE; ii) Berber groups from western North Africa first set foot on one of the islands closest to the African mainland sometime between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE; iii) Roman and Berber societies did not live simultaneously in the Canary Islands; and iv) the Berber people rapidly spread throughout the archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Comparative Education / Revista Española de Educación Comparada is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Palma, Canary Islands, had its largest historical eruption in 2021. From January 2022 to May 2023 there were >2,100 seismic events, primarily at depths ≤20 km, prompting us to update the deformation and modeling study, using interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations and a last generation interpretation tool. We detect the evolution of the remaining magmatic body in the SW portion of the island, with arrival of new magma moving into the oceanic crust out to sea, and a pressurized zone in the central‐eastern area, at regions of structural weakness. The current source characteristics have some similarities to the early stage dynamics prior to the 2021 eruption. Operational and multidisciplinary studies must continue to monitor either their stabilization or growth and destabilization. The ability to identify magma ascent using only deformation data over short time periods allows us to characterize unrest patterns and provide new insights into volcanic processes. Plain Language Summary: Following the 2021 eruption at La Palma, Canary Islands, seismic activity has persisted that may be a precursor to future volcanic activity. Here we perform an updated deformation and modeling study that characterizes the evolution of the remaining magma in the SW area of the island. A fresh injection of magma occurs in the oceanic crust off the coast, along with a pressurized region in the central‐eastern area of the island where crustal weakness exists close to recent volcanic eruptions. The 2022–2023.4 process has similar characteristics to the evolution prior to the 2021 eruption. Ongoing studies should focus on monitoring the increase or decrease in this activity. Improved characterization of changing volcanic activity over short time periods can provide new insights into ongoing volcanic processes. Key Points: We determine the current unrest is similar to that prior to the 2021 eruption warranting attention by hazard response decision makersWe detect a shallow magmatic intrusion in the SW of the island migrating W into the submarine crust of the islandWe also detect a shallow pressurized zone located in the central eastern region of the island [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the rotary quern into the Iberian Peninsula during the Iron Age represents a great technological innovation with regard to processing cereals. These mechanisms arrived several centuries later in the Canarian archipelago with the first North African colonists. Contacts with the African continent appear to have either been cut off or minimised a short time later, obliging the colonists to subsist autonomously and adapt to the features of the new territory. Moreover, the archipelago's volcanic character does not offer minerals that could be transformed into metals obliging the new populations to resort to stone tools, an adaptation evidenced by the manufacture of rotary querns. Currently few technological studies of these querns have combined experimental work with hypotheses stemming from archaeological evidence. This article presents two experimental programs that have attempted to reconstruct the operational sequence (chaîne opératoire) of the two main types of rocks exploited for querns in the Canary Islands: volcanic tuff and vesicular basalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]