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"WEB" is defined as a material that has micron level thickness and used in industries. Some important properties of web media include Co-efficient of friction, Stiffness of media, Absorbing capacity of media, tensile and compressive strength of media etc. Among these characteristics, Co-efficient of friction and Stiffness of web media have an inevitable impact in designing printing machines, textile industry, chemical filtration and refinery industries. This work is aimed towards designing a compact - portable instrument that readily portrays the Static and Dynamic Co-efficient of Friction between any two web media and stiffness of the particular web media under study. This work is particularly useful in newspaper printing presses where the properties of paper can be determined with the help of the machine and the safe stress that can be applied to the paper is determined. This instrument is fully automated and gives the output in digital form. These web media play a dominant role in the printing industries, chemical industries, manufacturing industries and automobile industries too. By this instrument, the industries relying on web media will be benefitted to a great extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web (the Web) presents a new dimension in the provision of information, not just for entertainment and for business, but also for education. This paper reports on the integration of e-mail and the Web into a third year accounting systems course. The Web was used both to supplant traditional lecture-based teaching and as the vehicle for a significant portion of the summative assessment on the course. e-mail was used for communication with the students, for submission to the tutors of their Web assignment and for feedback to the students on the assignment. Student views on the innovation are also reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Web-based questionnaires have become increasingly popular in health research. However, reported response rates vary and response bias may be introduced. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sending a mixed invitation (paper-based together with Web-based questionnaire) rather than a Web-only invitation (Web-based questionnaire only) results in higher response and participation rates for female childhood cancer survivors filling out a questionnaire on fertility issues. In addition, differences in type of response and characteristics of the responders and nonresponders were investigated. Moreover, factors influencing preferences for either the Web- or paper-based version of the questionnaire were examined. Methods: This study is part of a nationwide study on reproductive function, ovarian reserve, and risk of premature menopause in female childhood cancer survivors. The Web-based version of the questionnaire was available for participants through the Internet by means of a personalized user name and password. Participants were randomly selected to receive either a mixed invitation (paper-based questionnaire together with log-in details for Web-based questionnaire, n = 137) or a Web-only invitation (log-in details only, n = 140). Furthermore, the latter group could request a paper-based version of the questionnaire by filling out a form. Results: Overall response rates were comparable in both randomization groups (83% mixed invitation group vs 89% in Web-only invitation group, P =.20). In addition, participation rates appeared not to differ (66% or 90/137, mixed invitation group vs 59% or 83/140, Web-only invitation group, P =.27). However, in the mixed invitation group, significantly more respondents filled out the paper-based questionnaire compared with the Web-only invitation group (83% or 75/90 and 65% or 54/83, respectively, P =.01). The 44 women who filled out the Web-based version of the questionnaire had a higher educational level than the 129 women who filled out the paper-based version (P =.01). Furthermore, the probability of filling out the Web-based questionnaire appeared to be greater for women who were allocated to the Web-only invitation group (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.31 - 6.21), were older (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.15), had a higher educational level (OR high vs low = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 - 0.52), or were students (OR employed vs student = 3.25, 95% CI 1.00 - 10.56). Conclusions: Although overall response as well as participation rates to both types of invitations were similar, adding a paper version of a questionnaire to a Web-only invitation resulted in more respondents filling out the paper-based version. In addition, women who were older, had a higher level of education, or were students, were more likely to have filled out the Web-based version of the questionnaire. Given the many advantages of Web-based over paper-based questionnaires, researchers should strongly consider using Web-based questionnaires, although possible response bias when using these types of questionnaires should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]