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[Display omitted] • MAO-B was successfully immobilized onto cellulose filter paper for the first time. • A new method for ligand fishing based on CFP-DA-MAO-B was developed. • Natural MAO-B inhibitors, including one never reported before, were isolated and identified from Tibetan strawberry. • Neuroprotective effects of the inhibitors were demonstrated. • Potential of Tibetan strawberry as neuroprotective functional food was suggested. Tibetan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola) is a wild medicinal and edible plant in Tibet possessing various health benefits such as neuroprotection and anti-oxidation. However, there has been little study reported on its chemical constituents. To investigate the inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in Tibetan strawberry, we immobilized the enzyme onto cellulose filter paper for the first time to develop a new screening method. Two known glycosides (compounds 1 and 2) and one new iridoid glucoside (Compound 3) were fished out by this method, which was found to effectively inhibit MAO-B with IC 50 values of 16.95 ± 0.93, 24.69 ± 0.20, and 46.77 ± 0.78 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and kinetic analysis were performed to reveal the inhibition mechanism of these compounds. Furthermore, compound 1 exhibited neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced injury on PC12 cells. The developed method exhibits the advantages of rapidness and effectiveness in screening of MAO-B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) breeding programs, seed dormancy adversely affects germination, resulting in delayed seedling emergence and low germination rates. This study investigated the best solution to enhance strawberry seed germination both in terms of efficiency and timing by evaluating the effect of three key factors: genotype, pre-sowing treatment, and germination medium. Chemical scarification treatment with the sulfuric acid of seeds from three different genotypes was optimized; treated seeds were placed to germinate on three germination media (Murashige and Skoog medium, peat, and filter paper) in a growth chamber. Seedlings obtained were acclimatized for evaluating post-acclimatization survival rate and possible phenotypic differences regarding seedling development. Chemical scarification treatment produced the best results, with germination rates of around 100% and the highest speed of germination compared to the not-treated controls. Indeed, more than 90% of the seeds germinated 14 days after sowing, regardless of the genotype or germination medium tested. Seedlings germinated on filter paper gave the poorest performances in terms of post-acclimatization survival rate and showed lower average plant height. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that excellent germination rates can be achieved through proper seed scarification, which is not genotype dependent; furthermore, when this method is combined with the correct germination medium, excellent seedling quality can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The short shelf life of fresh strawberries limits its marketing potential, despite its valuable economic and nutritional benefits. An environmentally friendly fresh‐keeping paper was prepared with oregano essential oil (OEO) and tea polyphenols (TP) and used in the storage of strawberries. Results showed that, during the late storage period, the TP and OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatments reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 29.04% and 34.47%, respectively, compared with the control samples. The treatments also reduced decay incidence, weight loss, epidermal microorganisms and total anthocyanins content (TAC). Furthermore, the treatments reduce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, delay the colour development and maintain better sensory attributes. Notably, OEO fresh‐keeping paper treatment not only increased the titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) content but also improved the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species by maintaining high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. These results demonstrated that fresh‐keeping paper treatment has the potential to extend the post‐harvest life of strawberries and improve their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates a smart irrigation system prototype, based on Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and cloud computing, in a fully operating environment. The system architecture was developed carefully with a special focus on robustness against both environmental and human external factors. The platform, which is deployed in the cloud and connected to the edge-layer via a bidirectional LoRa wireless network, was based on data gathering from the field using a set of cost-effective capacity-based moisture sensors. A hysteresis-based control structure implemented in the cloud send the control commands. The demonstration was performed on a strawberry production farm in Itaguá, Paraguay, during a 2-month period. Details of the implementation are provided, as well as an assessment of the irrigation system performance. It was found that the automated irrigation systems consumed slightly less water than manual irrigation by the farmer, but the efficiency of the automated system reached 91.4%, compared with 62.1% for manual irrigation. Finally, real-life issues encountered during the operation are discussed to illustrate the robustness of the prototype. In spite of these issues, the irrigation system was able to keep the moisture within the prescribed band most of the time, about 71.1% of all the samples, and 87.9% under normal operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulching with recycled paper has the potential to be used in agricultural production and can be adopted in strawberry cultivation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, water consumption and technical coefficients of strawberry cultivated with recycled paper as mulch. The treatments consisted of strawberry cultivation in lysimeters with recycled paper mulch and without soil cover. The recycled paper used was 187 μm-thick. The irrigation system was installed with drippers whose flow rate was 2 L h−1. Strawberry irrigation requirements were 317 and 394 mm, with and without mulch, respectively. Mulching with recycled paper did not have a significant effect on the average number of fruits, fresh fruit mass, fruit waste per plant, average fruit yield and water productivity. In relation to the technical coefficients, maximum values of the evaporation coefficient (Ke) of 0.40 (calculated with the evapotranspiration of the grass—L) and 0.28 (calculated with the Penman–Monteith ETo—PM) were obtained for OPM. The Kc values for the initial and full development stages were 0.31 and 0.84 (L) and 0.24 and 0.66 (PM), respectively. NDVI can be used to estimate strawberry Kc values. Recycled paper as mulch reduces the water consumption of strawberry crops and does not alter the agronomic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of green packaging materials is essential to replace traditional plastics in fresh agricultural products preservation. Herein, a coated paper was designed by applying chitosan-based composite coating on paper substrate through a facile automatic coating method. The hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) was obtained by direct quaternization via the introduction of hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the amino group of chitosan, then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare the HACC/PVA coating. Accordingly, the key performance of coated paper were improved ascribed to the synergy effect of HACC/PVA coating and paper substrate. In particular, the minimum oxygen permeability of the coated paper could reach to 0.87 × 10−13 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa, and the optimum water vapor permeability and tensile strength of HACC/PVA coated paper was 0.75 × 10−12 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa and 6.88 kN/m, respectively. The coated paper used as packaging material not only reduced weight loss ratio of strawberry and greengrocery, but also exhibited lower chromatic aberration and better sensory evaluation, indicating a favorable effect on fruit and vegetable storage. Taken together, the designed eco-friendly coated paper has shown tremendous potential for green and biodegradable packaging material in agricultural products preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An acid-responsive colorimetric indicator based on curcumin and CD-MOFs is constructed. • CD-MOFs/CNFs composite paper is successfully synthesized in ethanol medium. • The colorimetric paper exhibited high color stability at room-temperature. • The colorimetric paper was capable for monitoring the freshness of strawberries. Curcumin is a natural yellow colorant, but the color variation occurs only under alkaline conditions, limiting the monitoring range for food freshness. In this study, curcumin obtained the property of acid-responsive color transition from red to yellow by encapsulating in alkaline CD-MOFs. Then, the curcumin-loaded CD-MOFs (CD-MOFs-Cur) with red color was incorporated in cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/ethanol suspensions forming a colorimetric paper through the wet-forming process. Results showed that the cubic CD-MOFs-Cur was evenly distributed in the network of CNFs. With the increase amount of CD-MOFs-Cur, the paper exhibited a redder color, but all exhibited high color stability. In pH 5–10 buffer solutions, the paper showed obvious color change from red to yellow with the pH decreased, but the pH that induced the color of the paper turn to yellow was lower with the increase of CD-MOFs-Cur amount. Similar color alteration also occurred when CD-MOFs-Cur was exposed to CO 2. Based on this, the CNFs/CD-MOFs-Cur composite paper was successfully used for visual monitoring of strawberry freshness. This work provides the possibility for curcumin to detect the freshness of foods that release acid gases during spoilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for paper-based packaging materials as an alternative to incumbent disposable petroleum-derived polymers for food packaging applications is ever-growing. However, typical paper-based formats are not suitable for use in unconventional applications due to inherent limitations (e.g., excessive hydrophilicity, lack antimicrobial ability), and accordingly, enabling new capabilities is necessity. Herein, a simple and environmentally friendly strategy was proposed to introduce antimicrobial and hydrophobic functions to cellulose paper through successive chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and cinnamaldehyde (CA). The results revealed that cellulose paper not only showed long-term antibacterial effect on different bacteria, but also inhibited a wide range of fungi. Encouragingly, the modified paper, which is fluorine-free, displays a high contact angle of 119.7°. Thus, even in the wet state, the modified paper can still maintain good mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the multifunctional composite papers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Compared with ordinary cellulose paper, multifunctional composite paper can effectively prolong the shelf life of strawberries. Therefore, the multifunctional composite paper represents good application potential as a fruit packaging material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 2015 and 2016, studies were conducted at Absaraka and Dickinson, North Dakota to evaluate the impacts of hemp (applied at 1156 m3 ha−1) and commercial paper mulch, as well as soil-applied biochar (applied at 11.25 m3 ha−1), on weed suppression and strawberry growth during the establishment year, and on weed suppression and strawberry yield during the production year, in a matted row production (MRP) system. During 2015, biochar influenced dry weed biomass only within the hemp mulch, with slightly more weed biomass associated with biochar application compared to zero biochar (3.1 vs 0.4 g m−2), suggesting that biochar may have increased weed germination and/or emergence from beneath hemp mulch. Biochar application also slightly increased soil pH, from 6.9 in non-amended soil to 7.0 in amended soil. Strawberry runner number during 2015 was greater in association with hemp or paper mulch compared to zero mulch (4.5 and 4.9 vs 2.4 runners plant −1, respectively). This result mirrored a similar differential in per berry mass across sites (7.6 and 7.4 vs 6.2 g berry −1 for hemp mulch, paper mulch and zero mulch, respectively). These results may be related to hemp and paper mulch reducing maximum soil temperatures during summer 2015. During the establishment year, both hemp and paper mulch suppressed weeds well compared to zero mulch, although at Absaraka hemp mulch provided slightly better weed suppression than paper mulch. During the production year, both mulches continued to suppress weeds compared to zero mulch at Dickinson. However, at Absaraka, only hemp mulch provided weed suppression compared to zero mulch, possibly because of faster paper degradation caused by greater numbers of large precipitation events and greater relative humidity at Absaraka compared to Dickinson. Weeds were removed from plots during 2015 to allow separation of weed suppression from other possible mulch impacts; therefore, yield data do not reveal striking differences among mulch treatments. Because previous research has demonstrated the impact of weed management during the establishment of strawberries in a matted row system, we concluded that hemp mulch may provide more durable weed suppression compared to paper mulch, which would increase strawberry yield protection in an MRP system. Material cost may be an issue for implementing hemp mulch, as hemp hurd cost was 25 times paper mulch at the application rates used in this study. However, hemp mulch could still be a beneficial option, especially for organic strawberry growers desiring a renewable and environmentally sound replacement for plastic mulch who are able to find affordable local sources of this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to fill the gap in California pest management by evaluating coverage and spatial uniformity of spray rig designs used in California strawberry production. Coverage can be improved up to 30% if the important design parameters are identified, which would reduce pests. Field evaluations were conducted in beds with 4 canopy lines in Santa Maria, CA on 162 cm beds and in Oxnard, CA on 172 cm beds as well as in beds with 2 canopy lines in Watsonville, CA on 122 cm beds and 132 cm beds. Water-sensitive paper cards placed adaxial and abaxial, both horizontally and vertically on plant canopies located near the middle and edge of the bed were used as the evaluation criteria. Data were analyzed by regression. Results from spray evaluations (n = 21) included recording the nozzle used, manifold height, number of nozzles per bed, volume sprayed, nozzle pressure, and tractor speed, as well as determining the percent coverage from 1,568 water-sensitive spray cards. Increasing nozzle pressure can potentially increase coverage by 9.18%. Positioning the nozzle closer to the canopy level can also significantly increase coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In complex environments, strawberry disease segmentation models face challenges, such as segmentation difficulties, excessive parameters, and high computational loads, making it difficult for these models to run effectively on devices with limited computational resources. To address the need for efficient running on low-power devices while ensuring effective disease segmentation in complex scenarios, this paper proposes BHI-YOLO, a lightweight instance segmentation model based on YOLOv8n-seg. First, the Universal Inverted Bottleneck (UIB) module is integrated into the backbone network and merged with the C2f module to create the C2f_UIB module; this approach reduces the parameter count while expanding the receptive field. Second, the HS-FPN is introduced to further reduce the parameter count and enhance the model's ability to fuse features across different levels. Finally, by integrating the Inverted Residual Mobile Block (iRMB) with EMA to design the iRMA, the model is capable of efficiently combining global information to enhance local information. The experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced instance segmentation model for strawberry diseases achieved a mean average precision (mAP@50) of 93%. Compared to YOLOv8, which saw a 2.3% increase in mask mAP, the improved model reduced parameters by 47%, GFLOPs by 20%, and model size by 44.1%, achieving a relatively excellent lightweight effect. This study combines lightweight architecture with enhanced feature fusion, making the model more suitable for deployment on mobile devices, and provides a reference guide for strawberry disease segmentation applications in agricultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are natural antibacterial substances and have potential value for application in fruit and vegetable packaging. In this study, Chinese fir essential oil (CFEO) was microencapsulated to prepare food packaging materials for the first time to overcome its volatilization and oxidation shortcomings and to obtain a sustained-release form of the oil. CFEO was effectively encapsulated in gelatin and chitosan using the complex coacervation method, and the encapsulation efficiency, microstructure, infrared spectrum and thermal stability of the microcapsules were evaluated. Experiments confirmed that the microcapsules had some antibacterial activity. A bioactive paper was developed by combining CFEO microcapsules (CFEO-Ms) with paper-based material using the film-forming property of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The coated paper showed good mechanical, air permeability and moisture permeability properties. Environmental scanning electron microscopy confirmed that CFEO-Ms bonded well with PVA and was successfully introduced into the paper fiber after coating, forming an obvious coating film on the surface to facilitate the continuous release of CFEO. The shelf life of strawberries was significantly prolonged when the PVA-coated paper mixed with 3% CFEO-Ms was used for packaging. The results demonstrated that the CFEO-Ms coated paper has the potential to become an effective packaging material for the preservation of strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch.) is one of the most significant cash horticultural crops in the world. Fresh strawberry fruits contain dietary fiber, vitamin C, 30-08-2021-carotene, folic acid and other nutrients required for human health and nutrition, and they have an appetizing aroma and flavour, as well as various phytonutrients that may be potentially beneficial to human health and could be used against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to identify and analyze the 2,640 article and review type papers of strawberry research from horticulture category based on the Web of Science. METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched to extract data. Bibliometric data, including citation count, were analyzed together with the words by bibliometric science mapping and visualization tools. RESULTS: Papers mainly written in English (2,426, 91.894 %), were from 6,807 authors, 77 countries/territories, 1,504 organizations and published in 57 Journals and book series. Top 5 core journals ranked as Hortscience (360, 13.636 %), Scientia Horticulturae (322, 12.197 %), Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (248, 9.394 %), Postharvest Biology and Technology (236, 8.939 %) and Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology (134, 5.076 %), that these journals each published more than 134 papers. Top 5 countries and regions were USA, Peoples R China, Japan, South Korea and Brazil. Top 5 organizations were Univ Florida, Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, ARS and Michigan State Univ. Top 5 authors are Hancock James F. (Hancock JF), Shaw DV, Chandler Craig K. (Chandler CK), Whitaker Vance M, Choi Jong Myung, each published more than 28 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from horticulture Category were separated eight clusters for different research topics. CONCLUSIONS: Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The review could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies. This work is useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) immobilized AgNPs (CNC@AgNPs) were synthesized. • CMC/CNC@AgNPs formulations were coated onto paper surface. • CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated papers exhibited enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. • CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated papers showed excellent antibacterial activities. • The obtained functional paper has promising application in food packaging. A new natural formulation composed of CMC and various contents of CNC immobilized AgNPs (CNC@AgNPs) was developed for paper coating. The mechanical strength, water vapor and air barrier properties, and antibacterial activities of CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper improved with the increasing content of CNC@AgNPs. CMC/CNC@AgNPs7 % coated paper exhibited 1.26 times increase in tensile strength, 45.4 % decrease in WVP, 93.3 % reduction in air permeability as well as the best antibacterial activities against E.coli and S.aureus compared with uncoated paper. Moreover, the cumulative release rate of AgNPs from coated paper significantly reduced due to the immobilization effect of CNC on AgNPs. Furthermore, CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper was used to package strawberries under ambient conditions. The results showed that coated paper could maintain better strawberries quality compared with unpackaged strawberries and extend the shelf-life of strawberries to 7 days. Therefore, the prepared CMC/CNC@AgNPs coated paper will have a great application prospect in the food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic mulches made from nonbiodegradable polyethylene (i.e., "PE mulch") are an integral tool for organic and conventional strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production due to their ability to optimize soil and crop microclimates, suppress weeds, and promote overall yield and fruit quality. Unfortunately, PE mulch is primarily single-use and seldom recycled, leading to large volumes of plastic waste, with some of the plastic mulch fragments residing in the soil or polluting the surrounding agroecosystem. Although soil-biodegradable plastic mulches are a promising mulch technology that aims to reduce waste generation, no commercial products are available that meet the National Organic Program's requirements. Hydromulches are an alternative mulch technology that is sprayable and can be formulated to meet organic requirements, but they have undergone limited testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various hydromulch formulations on yield, fruit quality, and tissue nutrient status of day-neutral strawberries grown in two diverse environments. Hydromulches made with various formulations of paper, guar gum, or psyllium tackifiers were compared with PE mulch in Northwest Washington and North Dakota in 2022. Few treatment effects were observed throughout the experiment, and both strawberry yield and fruit quality were maintained. Slight variations in tissue nutrient concentrations were observed but not attributed to hydromulch treatments. Information resulting from this project demonstrates hydromulches maintain crop productivity and quality. Future research should evaluate the ability of hydromulches to suppress a spectrum of weed species, impacts on soil health, and economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene (PE) mulches are widely used in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) production for weed suppression and crop growth optimization. However, PE mulches are not biodegradable and contribute to plastic pollution. Our objective was to develop and test biodegradable liquid-applied 'hydromulches' (HMs) as a sustainable alternative to PE mulch. HM weed suppression efficacy, strawberry plant growth, and yield were evaluated. HMformulations consisted of shredded newsprint paper (NP), water, and a tackifier, either guar gum (GG) or psyllium husk (PH) added at 2 or 6%. Experiments were conducted at two environmentally distinct locations: northwest Washington (WA) and eastern North Dakota (ND). Five HM formulations were compared to black PEmulch within a randomized complete block design with four replications. PEmulch suppressed weeds completely at peak weed emergence and peak weed vegetative growth at both locations. Formulations of HM containing GG provided superior weed suppression compared to other HM formulations at peak weed emergence (4-6 vs. 18-22 plants m-2, respectively). At peak vegetative growth, HM formulations containing GG had the lowest weed density compared to other HMs in ND (1 vs. 9-12 plants m-2), whereas these differences were not observed in WA. Total weed biomass did not differ among HMs across both locations. GG HM formulations deteriorated similarly to PE mulch (3-5% vs. 2%, respectively) in ND, whereas other HMs deteriorated more substantially. In WA, all HMs deterioratedmore than PEmulch (6-12% vs. 1%, respectively). Fruit yield did not differ among treatments inweedy and weed-free subplots (194-254 g plant-1) inWA. In ND, yield was greater in all HM treatments compared to PE mulch in both weedy andweed-free subplots. Across both locations, strawberry canopy coverwas greater in PE mulch (56.1% canopy cover) compared to 2%GG and NP (42.4 and 39.8% canopy cover). Strawberry plant biomass was similar among mulch treatments. However, strawberry leaf and crown biomass were slightly lower in 2%PH compared to other mulch treatments. Results demonstrate HMs with GG tackifier are a promising alternative to PE mulch in organic strawberry systems based on ability to suppress weeds, enhance strawberry growth, and maintain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By modifying variability, let's mean that a certain feature of the organism undergoes changes and does not maintain uniformity during its appearance (ie during the transfer of information from the genetic structure to the phenotypic one). In this paper, it is shown how the modifying inheritance is presented in the two types of the strawberry plant, in the one that grows in nature, Fragaria vesca L., and in the one cultivated in greenhouses, Fragaria ananassa. The number of leaf teeth, of these species, has served as the analyzed feature, on which our search for this type of inheritance is based. The paper sheds light on the great role of the environment in elaborating the inheritance of organisms by causing modifying changes in their phenotype in function of the status of the environmental factors in which this organism grows and develops. When these phenotypic modifications manage to become heritable, then it is possible to deal with the action of the epigenetic effect in inheritance. For this reason, studies of modifying inheritance in the phenotype of organisms are necessary. From the comparison of the results obtained, in terms of the modification changes observed between these two species, the null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected; so, the observed changes have a real basis and are not a random finding. Thus it becomes clear to us that the modifying changes in the inheritance of the plant grown in the natural environment (with significant changes in environmental factors) are greater than those of the species grown in strict conditions - in greenhouses (without large variations in environmental factors). Of course, these changes have an impact on the nutritional and taste values of their fruits, as they affect the nutrient processing laboratory, the leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) are one of the horticultural commodities which have a high production and nutritional value. However, strawberries susceptible to loss of quality during postharvest. Changes in the quality of strawberries among others physical, chemical, and microbiological. Therefore, strawberries are required handling during storage with packaging. Active paper packaging based on oleoresin of ginger dreg 2% containing active substances that inhibit the growth of microbes. This research uses current active paper packaging based on oleoresin ginger dreg as a packaging of strawberries. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of using active paper packaging based on oleoresin of ginger dreg on the quality of strawberries during 12 days of storage at 10 ± 2 ºC. Results of ANOVA analysis with 5% significance shows that the use of active paper packaging based on oleoresin ginger dreg effect on weight loss strawberries for 12 days of storage, color of red on the 3rd, 9th, and 12th day of storage, total acid titration on the 12th day of storage, total dissolved solids on 9th and 12th day of storage, and vitamin C on the 12th day of storage. The hardness and pH value are not affected by the current active paper packaging based on oleoresin ginger dreg during 12 days of storage. Total microbial of strawberries with active paper laying variation has a total microbial lower than strawberries control.

BACKGROUND: The strawberry (Fragaria×annanasa Duch.) is a fresh fruit of its attractive colour, good flavor and enrichment of nutrients in the world. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the 3,885 strawberry research papers both article and review types from Food Science and Technology category. METHODS: The data were searched and extracted from Web of Science database, and were analyzed by bibliometric science and visualization tools. RESULTS: Papers mainly written in English (3,754, 96.628%), were from 12,695 authors, 94 countries/territories, 2,689 organizations and in 168 Journals and book series. The top five Journals were Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (432, 11.12%), Food Chemistry (338, 8.7%), Postharvest Biology and Technology (245, 6.306%), Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (187, 4.813%) and Journal of Food Science (185, 4.762%), which each published more than 185 papers. The top five countries and regions were USA, Spain, Peoples R China, Italy and Brazil. The top five organizations were CSIC, ARS (USDA ARS), Univ Calif Davis, Univ Politecn Valencia and Zhejiang Univ. The top five authors were Battino Maurizio, Giampieri Francesca, Wang Shiow Y. (Wang, SY), Mezzetti Bruno and Carle Reinhold (Carle R), each published more than 23 papers. All keywords of the strawberry research from Food Science and Technology category were separated nine clusters for different research topics. CONCLUSIONS: The paper could provide a valuable guide for designing future studies, and is also useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Control of food spoilage is a critical concern in the current world scenario, not only to ensure the quality and safety of food but also to avoid the generation of food waste. This paper evaluates a dual-sensor strategy using six different pH indicators stamped on cardboard for the detection of spoilage in three different foods: beef, salmon, and strawberries. After function validation and formulation optimizations in the laboratory, the halochromic sensors methyl orange and bromocresol purple 2% (w/v) were stamped on cardboard and, in contact with the previously mentioned foods, were able to produce an easily perceptible signal for spoilage by changing color. Additionally, when it comes to mechanical characterization the inks showed high abrasion (>100 cycles) and adhesion resistance (>91%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the polarization reflection characteristics of metal surfaces, a parameter optimization method for the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function (pBRDF) model of metal surfaces based on the improved strawberry algorithm has been proposed. Firstly, the light scattering characteristics of metal surfaces were analyzed and a multi-parameter pBRDF model was constructed. Then, the working mechanism of the strawberry optimization algorithm was investigated and improved by introducing the chaotic mapping and Levy flight strategy to overcome the shortcomings, such as low convergence rate and easily falling into local optimum. Finally, the method proposed in this paper was validated by simulating open-source data from references and the obtained ones with a self-built experimental platform. The results show that the proposed method outperforms those by nonlinear least squares, particle swarm optimization and the original strawberry algorithm in fitting the detected degree of polarization (DOP) data, indicating the modeling accuracy was significantly improved and better suited to characterize the polarized reflection properties of metal surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infantile capillary haemangiomas (strawberry nevus) are common, benign vascular tumours that appear in infancy, typically within the first few weeks to months of life. While many of these haemangiomas undergo spontaneous regression, some may present challenges due to their size, location, or associated complications. Early intervention is crucial to prevent potential disfigurement, functional impairment, or other complications, especially when lesions affect critical areas such as the face, particularly near the eyes or nasal bridge. Propranolol is highly effective in arresting progression and inducing regression of these lesions. This paper describes the problems and issues that may arise from infantile haemangiomas and alerts the local medical community to this service at Mater Dei Hospital since early referral for prompt evaluation and treatment, if necessary, ensures optimal functional and cosmetic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10.3390/pr9040711 7 Kobus Z., Rydzak L., Guz T., Domin M., Nadulski R., Osmólska E. Impact of Various Vacuum Impregnation Methods on Viability of Cereal Grains. Food production is being confronted by numerous difficulties related to sustainability, food quality and security. Moreover, I Bacillus clausii i increased the culturability and antioxidant capacity of powdered food. Cereal Grain and Seed Processing Grain and seed processing is still a considerable present-day topic. [Extracted from the article]

This study presents the design and implementation of a wire-driven, multi-joint robotic arm equipped with a cutting and gripping mechanism for harvesting delicate strawberries, with the goal of reducing labor and costs. The arm is mounted on a lifting mechanism and linked to a laterally movable module, which is affixed to the tube cultivation shelf. The trained deep learning model can instantly detect strawberries, identify optimal picking points, and estimate the contour area of fruit while the mobile platform is in motion. A two-stage fuzzy logic control (2s-FLC) method is employed to adjust the length of the arm and bending angle, enabling the end of the arm to approach the fruit picking position. The experimental results indicate a 90% accuracy in fruit detection, an 82% success rate in harvesting, and an average picking time of 6.5 s per strawberry, reduced to 5 s without arm recovery time. The performance of the proposed system in harvesting strawberries of different sizes under varying lighting conditions is also statistically analyzed and evaluated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the effects of the applied regimes of fertilization and irrigation on the pomological characteristics of white strawberry fruits. A two-factor experiment was conducted during 2023 and 2024 in an unheated greenhouse in the Chelopechene experimental field, Sofia, Bulgaria with drip irrigated and fertigated strawberry cultivar (Fragaria x ananassa Snow White). The irrigation and the fertilization factors were applied in two rates: I1 - 75% (ETc) I2 - 50% (ETc), F1: optimal fertilization N8. 09P12.76K15.62; F2 - suboptimal fertilization - 75% (F1). Five treatments were tested: control: I0F0:100% (ETc) without fertigation; IlF1; I1F2; I2F1; I2F2. The reduction of the fruit diameter between the highest (I1F1) and the lowest (I2F2) values was 14%. The highest mean fruit weight was obtained from I1F1 treatment - 5.39 g in 2023 and 5.02 g in 2024. The reduction of the fruit weight between the highest (I1F1) and the lowest (I2F2) values was 44%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of optimizing the efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability of agricultural practices, human–robot interaction (HRI) has emerged in agriculture. Enabled by the ongoing advancement in information and communication technologies, this approach aspires to overcome the challenges originating from the inherent complex agricultural environments. Τhis paper systematically reviews the scholarly literature to capture the current progress and trends in this promising field as well as identify future research directions. It can be inferred that there is a growing interest in this field, which relies on combining perspectives from several disciplines to obtain a holistic understanding. The subject of the selected papers is mainly synergistic target detection, while simulation was the main methodology. Furthermore, melons, grapes, and strawberries were the crops with the highest interest for HRI applications. Finally, collaboration and cooperation were the most preferred interaction modes, with various levels of automation being examined. On all occasions, the synergy of humans and robots demonstrated the best results in terms of system performance, physical workload of workers, and time needed to execute the performed tasks. However, despite the associated progress, there is still a long way to go towards establishing viable, functional, and safe human–robot interactive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the speed and accuracy of the methods used for the recognition and positioning of strawberry plants, this paper is concerned with the detection of elevated-substrate strawberries and their picking points, using a strawberry picking robot, based on the You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7) object detection algorithm and Red Green Blue-Depth (RGB-D) sensing. Modifications to the YOLOv7 model include the integration of more efficient modules, incorporation of attention mechanisms, elimination of superfluous feature layers, and the addition of layers dedicated to the detection of smaller targets. These modifications have culminated in a lightweight and improved YOLOv7 network model. The number of parameters is only 40.3% of that of the original model. The calculation amount is reduced by 41.8% and the model size by 59.2%. The recognition speed and accuracy are also both improved. The frame rate of model recognition is increased by 19.3%, the accuracy of model recognition reaches 98.8%, and mAP@0.95 reaches 96.8%. In addition, we have developed a method for locating strawberry picking points based on strawberry geometry. The test results demonstrated that the average positioning success rate and average positioning time were 90.8% and 76 ms, respectively. The picking robot in the laboratory utilized the recognition and positioning method proposed in this paper. The error of hand–eye calibration is less than 5.5 mm on the X-axis, less than 1.6 mm on the Y-axis, and less than 2.7 mm on the Z-axis, which meets the requirements of picking accuracy. The success rate of the picking experiment was about 90.8%, and the average execution time for picking each strawberry was 7.5 s. In summary, the recognition and positioning method proposed in this paper provides a more effective method for automatically picking elevated-substrate strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry crops are susceptible to a wide range of pests and diseases, some of which are insidious and diverse due to the shortness of strawberry plants, and they pose significant challenges to accurate detection. Although deep learning-based techniques to detect crop pests and diseases are effective in addressing these challenges, determining how to find the optimal balance between accuracy, speed, and computation remains a key issue for real-time detection. In this paper, we propose a series of improved algorithms based on the YOLOv8 model for strawberry disease detection. These include improvements to the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), Super-Lightweight Dynamic Upsampling Operator (DySample), and Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv). In experiments, the accuracy of these methods reached 97.519%, 98.028%, and 95.363%, respectively, and the F1 evaluation values reached 96.852%, 97.086%, and 95.181%, demonstrating significant improvement compared to the original YOLOv8 model. Among the three improvements, the improved model based on CBAM has the best performance in training stability and convergence, and the change in each index is relatively smooth. The model is accelerated by TensorRT, which achieves fast inference through highly optimized GPU computation, improving the real-time identification of strawberry diseases. The model has been deployed in the cloud, and the developed client can be accessed by calling the API. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system have been verified, providing an important reference for the intelligent research and application of strawberry disease identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction There is increasing interest in food biomarkers to address the shortcomings of self-reported dietary assessments. Berries are regarded as important fruits worldwide; however, there are no well-validated biomarkers of berry intake. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify urinary biomarkers of berry intake. Methods For the discovery study, participants consumed 192 g strawberries with 150 g blueberries, and urine samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h post-consumption. A dose–response study was performed, whereby participants consumed three portions (78 g, 278 g, and 428 g) of mixed strawberries and blueberries. The urine samples were profiled by an untargeted LC-MS metabolomics approach in the positive and negative modes. Results Statistical analysis of the data revealed that 39 features in the negative mode and 15 in the positive mode significantly increased between fasting and 4 h following mixed berry intake. Following the analysis of the dose–response data, 21 biomarkers showed overall significance across the portions of berry intake. Identification of the biomarkers was performed using fragmentation matches in the METLIN, HMDB, and MoNA databases and in published papers, confirmed where possible with authentic standards. Conclusions The ability of the panel of biomarkers to assess intake was examined, and the predictability was good, laying the foundations for the development of biomarker panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, a significant rise in fruit consumption has been noticed as they contain numerous nutritional components, which has led to the rise in fruit production globally. However, fruits are highly liable to spoilage in nature and remain vulnerable to losses during the storage and preservation stages. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the storage life and safeness of fruits for the consumers. To keep up the grade and prolong storage duration, various techniques are employed in the food sector. Among these, biopolymer coatings have gained widespread acceptance due to their improved characteristics and ideal substitution for synthetic polymer coatings. As there is concern regarding the safety of the consumers and sustainability, edible coatings have become a selective substitution for nurturing fruit quality and preventing decay. The application of polysaccharide-based edible coatings offers a versatile solution to prevent the passage of moisture, gases, and pathogens, which are considered major threats to fruit deterioration. Different polysaccharide substances such as chitin, pectin, carrageenan, cellulose, starch, etc., are extensively used for preparing edible coatings for a wide array of fruits. The implementation of coatings provides better preservation of the fruits such as mango, strawberry, pineapple, apple, etc. Furthermore, the inclusion of functional ingredients, including polyphenols, natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and bio-nanomaterials, into the edible coating solution matrix adds to the nutritional, functional, and sensory attributes of the fruits. The blending of essential oil and active agents in polysaccharide-based coatings prevents the growth of food-borne pathogens and enhances the storage life of the pineapple, also improving the preservation of strawberries and mangoes. This paper aims to provide collective data regarding the utilization of polysaccharide-based edible coatings concerning their characteristics and advancements for fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancements in computer vision, using deep learning for strawberry disease recognition has emerged as a new trend. However, traditional identification methods heavily rely on manual discernment, consuming valuable time and imposing significant financial losses on growers. To address these challenges, this paper presents BerryNet-Lite, a lightweight network designed for precise strawberry disease identification. First, a comprehensive dataset, encompassing various strawberry diseases at different maturity levels, is curated. Second, BerryNet-Lite is proposed, utilizing transfer learning to expedite convergence through pre-training on extensive datasets. Subsequently, we introduce expansion convolution into the receptive field expansion, promoting more robust feature extraction and ensuring accurate recognition. Furthermore, we adopt the efficient channel attention (ECA) as the attention mechanism module. Additionally, we incorporate a multilayer perceptron (MLP) module to enhance the generalization capability and better capture the abstract features. Finally, we present a novel classification head design approach which effectively combines the ECA and MLP modules. Experimental results demonstrate that BerryNet-Lite achieves an impressive accuracy of 99.45%. Compared to classic networks like ResNet34, VGG16, and AlexNet, BerryNet-Lite showcases superiority across metrics, including loss value, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and parameters. It holds significant promise for applications in strawberry disease identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the effects of the applied regimes of fertilization and irrigation on the on growth parameters of white strawberry variety. A two factors experiment was conducted during 2023 in unheated greenhouse in the Chelopechene experimental field, Sofia, Bulgaria with drip irrigated and fertigated strawberry variety (Fragaria x Ananassa „Snow White”). The irrigation and the fertilization factors were applied in two rates: I1 – 75% (ETc) I2 – 50% (ETc) F1: optimal fertilization N8.09P12.76K15.62; F2 – suboptimal fertilization – 75% (F1). Five treatments were tested: control: I0F0:100% (ETc) without fertigation; I1F1; I1F2; I2F1; I2F2. It was established that plants at I1F1 treatment were the highest (22.92 cm), had the most number of inflorescences (2.58), number of flowers (20.08) and runners (46.83). Plants at I1F2 treatment had highest plant growth index (28.94 cm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop growth status detection is significant in agriculture and is vital in planting planning, crop yield, and reducing the consumption of fertilizers and workforce. However, little attention has been paid to detecting the growth status of each crop. Accuracy remains a challenging problem due to the small size of individual targets in the image. This paper proposes an object detection model, HR-YOLOv8, where HR means High-Resolution, based on a self-attention mechanism to alleviate the above problem. First, we add a new dual self-attention mechanism to the backbone network of YOLOv8 to improve the model's attention to small targets. Second, we use InnerShape(IS)-IoU as the bounding box regression loss, computed by focusing on the shape and size of the bounding box itself. Finally, we modify the feature fusion part by connecting the convolution streams from high resolution to low resolution in parallel instead of in series. As a result, our method can maintain a high resolution in the feature fusion part rather than recovering high resolution from low resolution, and the learned representation is more spatially accurate. Repeated multiresolution fusion improves the high-resolution representation with the help of the low-resolution representation. Our proposed HR-YOLOv8 model improves the detection performance on crop growth states. The experimental results show that on the oilpalmuav dataset and strawberry ripeness dataset, our model has fewer parameters compared to the baseline model, and the average detection accuracy is 5.2% and 0.6% higher than the baseline model, respectively. Our model's overall performance is much better than other mainstream models. The proposed method effectively improves the ability to detect small objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The aim is to distinguish maturity, reduce labor costs, and solve the occurrence of false or missed detections caused by strawberry leaf occlusion. In view of the time-consuming and laborious manual picking and sorting of strawberries, the direct impact of image recognition accuracy on automatic picking and the rapid development of deep learning(DL), a Faster Regions with Convolutional Neural Network features (R-CNN) strawberry recognition method that combines Mixup data augmentation, a ResNet(Residual Network)50 backbone feature extraction network and a Soft-NMS (Non-Maximum Suppression) algorithm, named the MRS Faster R-CNN, is proposed. In this paper, the transfer learning backbone feature extraction network VGG (Visual Geometry Group) 16 and ResNet50 are compared, and the superior ResNet50 is selected as the backbone network of MRS Faster R-CNN. The data augmentation method of Mixup image fusion is used to improve the learning and generalization ability of the model. The redundant bboxes (bounding boxes) are removed through Soft-NMS to obtain the best region proposal. The freezing phase is added to the training process, effectively reducing the occupation of video memory and shortening the training time. After experimental verification, the optimized model improved the AP (Average Precision) values of mature and immature strawberries by 0.26% and 5.34%, respectively, and the P(Precision) values by 0.81% and 6.34%, respectively, compared to the original model (R Faster R-CNN). Therefore, the MRS Faster R-CNN model proposed in this paper has great potential in the field of strawberry recognition and maturity classification and improves the recognition rate of small fruit and overlapping occluded fruit, thus providing an excellent solution for mechanized picking and sorting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) is periodically raised as an alternative perennial pasture legume for temperate regions of Australia. Its tolerance of waterlogging is widely known, yet its ability to persist through periods of soil moisture deficit is often understated. Other desirable characteristics include its stoloniferous growth habit and tolerance of mildly saline conditions. Only four strawberry clover cultivars have been registered in Australia, and the most popular, cv. Palestine, is a direct introduction, released in 1938 and first certified in 1951. Furthermore, strawberry clover's distribution has largely been confined to niche environments, particularly waterlogged and saline areas. This paper reviews the taxonomy and breeding system, morphology, distribution and ecology, and subsequent transfer of strawberry clover to Australia. It reviews and maps the suitability of strawberry clover for perennial pasture systems in the medium–-high rainfall and irrigated temperate zones of Australia, with reference to future climates. The paper also highlights the breeding focus, commercialisation and marketing required to supersede cv. Palestine and lists the germplasm available in the Australian Pastures Genebank, with origins. We conclude that, although strawberry clover is unlikely to become a dominant perennial pasture legume species in Australia, it could be used in a wider range of environments than just those affected by salinity and/or waterlogging stress. Strawberry clover has been suggested as an alternative perennial pasture legume for temperate regions of Australia. We review its taxonomy, morphology, native distribution and subsequent transfer to Australia. We map the suitability of strawberry clover for perennial pasture systems, with reference to future climates, and identify future research foci. Strawberry clover is unlikely to become a dominant pasture legume species in Australia but could be used in a wider range of environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragaria × ananassa Duch. (Strawberry) fruit is susceptible to postharvest diseases, thus decrease in quality attributes, such as physiological and biochemical properties leads to decrease in shelf life. The objective of the present study was to check the effect of Selenium NP's and packaging conditions on the shelf life of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) fruits. The shelf life was observed with 4 days intervals and examined for characteristics such as physiological weight loss, moisture content, percentage decay loss, peroxidase, catalase, and DPPH radical scavenging. The quality change of postharvest Fragaria × ananassa Duch. was monitored by the application of selenium nanoparticles (T1 plant extract in 10 mM salt solution, T2 plant extract in 30 mM salt solution, T3 plant extract in 40 mM salt solution, T4 distilled water; control) in different packaging materials (plastic bags, cardboard, and brown paper) at different storage conditions (6°C and 25°C). 10 mM, 20 mM, and 30 mM solution of sodium selenite salt, prepared from 1 M stock solution. Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using Cassia fistula L. extract and sodium selenite salt solution. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a stabilizer. The nanoparticles were characterized through UV–visible spectroscopy and X‐Ray diffractometer (XRD). It was observed that the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Treated with T1 (CFE and 10 mM salt solution) stored in plastic packaging at ±6°C showed the best physiological parameters and hence the treatment is recommended for storage without affecting the quality of strawberry fruit up to 16 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the importance of understanding the nutrition and physiology of fruit crops. Fruit crops require significant inputs of pesticides and fertilizers, but they have lower rates of energy use, soil erosion, and nitrogen loss compared to annual crops. Fruits are a major source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The document also highlights the need for continuous research and scientific advances to prevent and treat nutrition problems in fruit trees. The document includes five research papers that investigate various aspects of fruit physiology and nutrition, such as the effects of cultivation practices on fruit quality, alternative nutrient sources for potted olives, the impacts of salinity stress on pomegranate and strawberry, and ways to alleviate cracking in figs at harvest. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Microclimate Control in strawberry production using the hydroponic system in Indoor Vertical Farming. This research will discuss the Microclimate parameters that affect strawberry growth to be controlled in maintaining strawberry productivity. The parameters controlled include temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, light, and EC/pH of nutrients. The data collection technique of this research is taken using Priva Climate Computer technology whose settings are adjusted to the target parameters set and analyzed using the Priva Cloud Office Direct Client application which is part of the Priva Climate Computer technology. The results of the Microclimate control carried out, obtained temperature 17,8-20,9ºC, humidity 67,4-91,3%, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels 597-600 ppm, light with light intensity PPFD 29,9 μmol m-2s-1 and nutrient solution concentration with Electrical Conductivity (EC) 0,9-1,18 mS/cm and pH 5,8-6,1 in Indoor Vertical Farming. After going through a series of studies, the results of measuring environmental parameters are by the targets that have been set. It can be concluded that the results of the study are recommendations for environmental parameters for the growth of large and uniform strawberries. The results of this study can be used as a reference for readers to increase knowledge, practice commercials directly, and become a reference for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) belong to the berry group and are characterized primarily by delightful sensory properties. Due to their chemical composition, these fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds that can modify the metabolic and physiological functions of the body. The aim of this work is to present the current state of research on bioactive ingredients found in these fruits in the context of their health-promoting properties. The paper presents compiled and reviewed data on the content of polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and vitamins, especially vitamin C, in strawberries. The content of these compounds is influenced by many different factors that are discussed in the paper. It also draws attention to the presence of oxalates and allergenic compounds, which are classified as anti-nutritional compounds of strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic approach to optimizing the structural parameters of a 4-degree-of-freedom (DoF) strawberry harvesting manipulator to minimize its workspace. Unlike previous research that primarily concentrated on the spatial needs related to fruit distribution areas, this work addresses the spatial dynamics of different stages of the fruitpicking process. This is achieved by combining the workspace model method, mathematical modeling, and the GlobalSearch algorithm in the optimization process. A comprehensive verification was conducted using the Denavit-Hartenberg method to simulate the workspace of the optimal manipulator structure. This ensured that the manipulator effectively covered the entire harvesting space. The research design involves exploring an optimal trajectory planning method by adopting a modified sine jerk profile that minimizes overall trajectory duration while maintaining good smoothness. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through a simulation of the trajectory of the four joints to drive the end effector from the initial position to the position of the strawberry. This approach yields execution times up to 27% shorter than in previous studies. The proposed method is useful for optimizing the physical and trajectory design of the harvesting manipulator that operates in confined and restricted environments to enhance efficiency, adaptability, and safety in harvesting operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soluble fertilizers are among the main costs in strawberry production, so knowing the nutrients balance in plant tissue is essential. In this sense, the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) method is presented as a multivariate analysis tool for the nutritional diagnosis of the crop. The main goal of this paper was to establish CND standards and critical nutrient levels in strawberries cultivated in a soilless system. This study uses the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) method to analyze nutrient levels grown in a soilless system. Commercial production greenhouses were evaluated for yield and leaf nutrients contents to develop the standards. Data were collected from 52 plots, each consisting of diagnostic leaves from 10 plants, and subsequently analyzed to determine critical nutrient deficiencies and excesses. The CND methodology was sensitive in diagnosing the differences between high and low-yield populations. Thus, adjusting the critical nutrient levels for soilless strawberry cultivation was possible. Due to deficiency, the most limiting nutrients for strawberry production were N, Mg, and S, and Zn and Cu due to excess. Results indicate specific nutrient thresholds, with significant findings from the integration of all indices, it was possible to calculate the sufficiency ranges for soilless strawberry: N = 26–31, P = 4–7, K = 8–11, Ca = 10–15, Mg = 3–4, S = 0.3–0.5 in g kg−1, and B = 18–95, Cu = 1–2, Fe = 46–96, Mn = 80–203, Zn = 1–40, Mo = 1.3–2.7, Ni = 0.1–0.4 in mg kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry is a kind fruit with high nutritional value and economic value, but powdery mildew, black mildew, and other diseases decreased the quality of strawberry. In this paper, an enhanced AlexNet (E-AlexNet) was proposed for strawberry quality evaluation. Firstly, strawberry images shot from laboratory and field were collected, then, a series of pre-processing, such as data augmentation and balance were performed on the data set. At last, the images were imported into the E-AlexNet for training. Our improvement is as follows: (1) The convolution kernel's size has been modified; (2) A single convolutional layer is divided into three convolutional layers with different convolution kernels; (3) Using the BN layer and L2 regularization. The network's accuracy and order of magnitude can be improved by the above operation. Finally, the accuracy influence of the neuron volume in the final fully connected layer was discussed. Result shows that the average recognition accuracy of the original AlexNet network with original data set is 84.50%, and the accuracy of E-Alexnet network is 90.70%, after augmentation, the average recognition accuracy of AlexNet is 89.34% and E-Alexnet is 95.75%. The E-AlexNet is superior to the original AlexNet before and after data augmentation. The proposed model is also compared with other classical models, and the experimental results show that the proposed improved method is feasible. The network improvement method proposed in this paper is significant, and the E-AlexNet network has a broad application prospect in strawberry quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberries and raspberries are susceptible to physiological and biological damage. Due to the consumer concern about using pesticides to control fruit rot, recent attention has been drawn to essential oils. Microbiological activity evaluations of different concentrations of tested EOs (cinnamon, clove, bergamot, rosemary and lemon; 10% DMSO-PBS solution was used as a diluent) against fruit rot fungal strains and a fruit-born human pathogen (Escherichia coli) indicated that the highest inhibition halos was found for pure cinnamon and clove oils; according to GC-MS analysis, these activities were due to the high level of the bioactive compounds cinnamaldehyde (54.5%) in cinnamon oil and eugenol (83%) in clove oil. Moreover, thermogravimetric evaluation showed they were thermally stable, with temperature peak of 232.0 °C for cinnamon and 200.6/234.9 °C for clove oils. Antibacterial activity evaluations of all tested EOs at concentrations from 5–50% (v/v) revealed a concentration of 10% (v/v) to be the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The physicochemical analysis of fruits in an in vivo assay indicated that used filter papers doped with 10% (v/v) of cinnamon oil (stuck into the lids of plastic containers) were able to increase the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in strawberries after four days, with it being easier to preserve strawberries than raspberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid nondestructive testing of fruit quality is one of the hotspots in food industry research. This paper studied the quality detection of different grades of cream strawberries. Preprocessing methods such as detrending, moving average smoothing (MA), and standard normal variables (SNV) were used to eliminate spectral data errors. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm (CARS), successive projection algorithm (SPA), the combination of the above two algorithms (CARS+SPA), and the self‐programming algorithm based on the Laida criterion (collectively referred to as the Laida algorithm) were used to reduce the dimension of data, and a partial least squares regression prediction model was established. The results show that when the Laida algorithm predicted the soluble solid content (SSC), total acid (TA), and vitamin C (VC) content of strawberries, the prediction set correlation coefficients were 0.919, 0.931, and 0.907, respectively, the values of RPD were 3.15, 4.00, and 3.44, respectively, the relative errors of the predicted values and the measured values were 3.93%, 5.74%, and 3.69%, respectively. Practical applications: This shows that it is feasible to use the Laida algorithm to extract the characteristic wavelengths and establish a prediction model for the SSC, TA, and VC content in cream strawberries. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of a rapid detection instrument for the quality of creamy strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The residues from the fruit sector represent a rich reservoir of nutrients and biologically active compounds with health-promoting properties. Therefore, they should be valorized. The processing of strawberries generates up to several percent of waste and, until now, various methods of reusing them have been proposed that align with sustainable development policies. This study proposes the valorization of defatted strawberry seeds as cosmetic additives. It has been demonstrated that they can serve as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and cytoprotective activity, desirable features in skincare products. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the valorization of byproducts generated during fruit processing. An example of this is the waste produced during the processing of strawberries. For instance, it has been evidenced that strawberries seeds can be a valuable source of oil. The goal of this paper was to investigate the potential of strawberry seed residues after oil extraction (defatted seeds) as a source of phenolics with possible cosmetic applications. The components were recovered using water and ethanol mixture, assisted by heat, ultrasound, and microwave. The extracts were characterized through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and mass detectors (UPLC-DAD-MS), and the biological properties of the phenolic-rich fraction were assessed using antioxidant tests and a cell viability assay on human skin fibroblasts. The study revealed that defatted strawberry seeds are rich in low molecular weight phenolics, specifically in tiliroside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, and ellagic acid. Furthermore, the phenolic-rich fraction was effective in scavenging free radicals in human skin fibroblasts and showed cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress. This evidence suggests that defatted strawberry seeds are a valuable material for further processing to obtain a beneficial additive for skincare products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image analysis-based artificial intelligence (AI) models leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNN) take a significant role in evaluating the ripeness of strawberry, contributing to the maximization of productivity. However, the convolution, which constitutes the majority of the CNN models, imposes significant computational burdens. Additionally, the dense operations in the fully connected (FC) layer necessitate a vast number of parameters and entail extensive external memory access. Therefore, reducing the computational burden of convolution operations and alleviating memory overhead is essential in embedded environment. In this paper, we propose a strawberry ripeness classification system utilizing a convolution-based feature extractor (CoFEx) for accelerating convolution operations and an edge AI processor, Intellino, for replacing FC layer operations. We accelerated feature map extraction utilizing the CoFEx constructed with systolic array (SA) and alleviated the computational burden and memory overhead associated with the FC layer operations by replacing them with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. The CoFEx and the Intellino both were designed with Verilog HDL and implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed system achieved a high precision of 93.4%, recall of 93.3%, and F1 score of 0.933. Therefore, we demonstrated a feasibility of the strawberry ripeness classification system operating in an embedded environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the effects of the applied regimes of fertilization and irrigation on the sensory characteristics of white strawberry variety. A two factors experiment was conducted during 2023 in unheated greenhouse in the Chelopechene experimental field, Sofia, Bulgaria with drip irrigated and fertigated strawberry variety (Fragaria x Anannassa "Snow White"). The irrigation and the fertilization factors were applied in two rates: I1 - 75% (ETc) I2 - 50% (ETc), F1: optimal fertilization N8.09P12.76K15.62; F2 - suboptimal fertilization - 75% (F1). Five treatments was tested: control: I0F0:100% (ETc) without fertigation; I1F1; I1F2; I2F1; I2F2. Sensory analyzes were carried out during the first growing season of the fruits according to indicators: appearance, color, consistency, taste, aroma and general sensory evaluation on a 5-point rating scale, given by 10 experts. It was established that the applied agricultural techniques have an impact on the indicators of appearance, color and aroma of the investigated fruit variants. The total sensory evaluation was statistically distinguishable only in the fruits of the control and the variant with 50% irrigation and 75% fertilization (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]