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Recommends a change in the way mathematics is taught to engineers and scientists. Espouses a shift away from traditional methods to an approach that makes significant use of algebra packages. Suggests that teaching the language comprised of the notation and grammar of mathematics would be of more use and more accessible than focusing entirely on teaching mathematical techniques. (Contains 11 references.) (Author/NB)

A survey of 151 Italian scientists and engineers and case studies of a career development system for technical professionals revealed that career orientation (as measured by Schein's career anchors) is a useful predictor of career route preferences. (Author/JOW)

Investigates how scientists, from both a practical and epistemological perspective, communicated the nature and relevance of their research to classroom teachers. Determines the congruence and/or dissimilarity in how scientists described their research to teachers and how they viewed their research epistemologically. Concludes that scientists from traditional content disciplines reflect a strong commitment and experimental design. (Contains 44 references.) (Author/YDS)

Analyzes data from the 1989 Survey of Doctorate Recipients to evaluate racial segmentation of the academic labor market along geographic and disciplinary lines. Finds that black faculty in the sciences and engineering are found disproportionately in southern, historically black institutions; areas with sizable black populations; and, independent of the black doctoral labor supply, in certain fields. (DB)

A survey of scientists and engineers in research and educational institutions in India investigated the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system of administering research and development (R&D) projects. Topics addressed include proposal submission, peer review, project reporting, budgeting, interagency interaction, and project evaluation. (Author/MSE)

Trends in college faculty salaries in Australia since 1967 are examined, in real terms, for several academic ranks and in comparison with salaries of scientists, senior public service administrators and managers, and public service engineers. Faculty salary losses since a 1973 high are substantial, both over time and in comparison with other professionals. (MSE)

Discusses the foundations of engineering design and highlights the problems confronting students who are required to make creative input into a design problem. Describes a way to implement creativity in teaching engineering design. Contains 38 references. (DDR)

Compares and contrasts the views of two people with interests in science education. Provides a stark and insightful contrast of the roles of scientists and engineers in precollege science education. Recommends that action be taken in addition to speeches made about the issue. (DDR)

Japanese (n=94) and U.S. (n=340) aerospace scientists/engineers described time spent communicating information, collaborative writing, importance of technical communication courses, and the use of libraries, computer networks, and technical reports. Japanese respondents had greater language fluency; U.S. respondents spent more time with written/oral communication, collaborative writing, and computer use. (SK)

Engineers and research scientists at Statoil's Research Center in Trondheim, Norway were interviewed to determine information-seeking patterns. Eight characteristics were identified: surveying, chaining, monitoring, browsing, distinguishing, filtering, extracting, and ending. The results showed that although there were differences in the features of information seeking patterns of research scientists and engineers, the behavioral characteristics were similar. (PEN)

Suggests that numerous interventions for increasing the status of women in qualitative disciplines can be found in the literature. Presents an annotated bibliography of print and computer resources related to such interventions. Contains 37 references. (DDR)

Alternative employment projections of scientists, engineers, and technicians indicate growth ranging widely--from 9 percent to 59 percent over the 1990-2005 period. (Author)

Logit analyses of a survey of 2,077 scientists and engineers validated individual-level variables as an explanation for the tendency to aspire to managerial careers in research and development centers. Growing organizations appear to promote internal mobility and management development, whereas declining firms concerned with eroding technical skills provide technical training. (SK)

With fewer traditional students in the population, and fewer of these electing to earn a degree in natural science and engineering, American colleges are reaching out for women, minorities, and foreign students. Concludes, barring unexpected decline in American economy, job opportunities, especially in engineering, should be excellent. (Author/TE)

Describes a program at one middle school where scientists and engineers teach the science lesson one day a week over a six-week period in place of the regular science lesson, culminating in a field trip to the workplace of the scientist/engineer. Discusses lessons learned by scientists, teachers, and students. Notes contributions to the growth of middle school learners. (SR)

Examined are a list of words that allude to many short, curt verbal triggers used to signify issues that represent significant bodies of scientific knowledge. The civic duty of scientists and engineers should be to engage themselves more fully and actively in public debate and action on these important issues. (KR)

Summarizes data on educational experiences from a study exploring the effective job utilization of 266 Nigerian scientists and engineers. Compares experiences of foreign and locally trained personnel. Discusses existing notions about science and technology education in developing countries in general and Nigeria in particular. (NEC)

Probes publishing and citing patterns of Indian space scientists and engineers, highlighting productivity; sources in which published and from where cited; frequency distributions of publishing in and citing from journals and conference proceedings; frequency distribution of number of references cited and self-citations; comparison of citing and publishing in different journals. (EJS)

Because of low salaries and noncompetitive fringe benefits, federal laboratories are having difficulty attracting, retaining and motivating high-caliber scientists and engineers. Outlines several measures to correct these problems and reduce the general rigidity and inertia of the federal personnel system and recommends quick action by Congress to halt the erosion of scientific/engineering talent. (JN)

Presents and analyzes data on sources of research and development (R&D) funds; R&D spending by government agencies; how industry apportions its R&D outlays; spending by individual chemical companies; manpower in industrial R&D; sources/uses of academic R&D funds; largest spenders on R&D; and demographic trends. (JN)

Data on female professionals relative to male professionals in select scientific and related fields are discussed. These data reveal that women have improved their position slightly, but are still used more in a part-time capacity, and that many fields employ relatively few women in a full-time capacity. (MLW)

A study of the patterns of employment and graduate study of recent graduates of five northeastern Japanese universities found differences in the patterns of the three groups (engineers and scientists, teachers, and arts and sciences majors), between men and women, and between the oldest university and the others. (MSE)

Calls for increasing the number of women into science and engineering professions, while improving the competitiveness of the United States at the same time. Suggests that more of the current statistics regarding women in these professions be publicized, and programs be initiated to actively recruit more women into these careers. (TW)

Discusses the effects of technological advancement on the labor force. States that although technological innovation usually affects blue collar workers more than scientists and engineers, there is some evidence to show that the rapid growth in technological careers is not proportional in all industries. (TW)

A sample of scientists and engineers participated in a study designed to assess moderating influences of facets of perceived cohesiveness and collaborative problem-solving on the task characteristics-individual performance relationship between task difficulty and individual performance. (Author)

Discriminant analyses techniques were applied to freshmen California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and Holland Vocational Interest Inventory (VPI) data for 914 male students and were used to predict curricular membership after two years of university education. (Author)

This article focuses on five quantitative indicators for patents and scientific literature. These indicators characterize Japan as a technological powerhouse and in an expanding but far less powerful scientific position. Several tables and graphs are provided. (YP)

Explores how the United States can become more competitive through better development and deployment of technology. Discusses the competitive decline and the eroding standard of living, the link between technology and productivity, the importance of manufacturing in an innovative style, and competitive resistance in the U.S. (CW)

This article focuses on the need to improve in a significant way the quality of science education in American society. The historical perspectives and the crisis in science education are described. Recommendations to the scientific community and federal government are suggested. (YP)

Discusses the current status and major issues affecting the quality and size of the human resources pool of scientists, engineers, and technical personnel. Indicates the role and strategies the National Science Foundation plans to take to address the deficiences. (RT)

Analyzes the employment market for chemical professionals. Discussed are increasing the number of science graduates; demand for chemical professionals; and salaries. Information and services for career planning are indicated. (YP)

Discusses the standards by which professors are evaluated for advancement and the reasons why these standards are antithetical to fostering a good learning environment for students. Gives some insights into what can be done to create an atmosphere in which teaching is not the lowest priority. (RT)

Reported are findings of an 18-month study by the Scientific Manpower Commission of the labor force participation of women scientists and engineers and the factors affecting their participation. Those factors relating directly include graduate student status, highest degree level, presence and age of children, and field of degree. (CS)

Summarizes the report, "Science and Engineering Education for the 1980s and Beyond," prepared by the National Science Foundation in response to a request by President Carter. Addresses the numbers and quality of professional personnel and technical illiteracy of most high school and college graduates. (JN)

Reports on the evolution, since 1945, of the woman's role in science and technology in the Central European nation of Hungary. The report is presented by nine women who are scientists and engineers. (SA)

Examined the differential effects of a management by objectives (MBO) program on work satisfaction of development and research employee groups. Analyses indicated that these groups differed in perceptions of their work group climates and that facets of MBO explained significantly different amounts of variance in the groups' work satisfaction. (Author)

Demonstrates how Japanese cultural and social factors influence ways of thinking about science and carrying on technological activities. Suggests that nonlinear modes of thought using pattern-recognition rather than Western "digital" approaches and a highly formalized education contribute to the Japanese scientific method. (SK)

Presents highlights of Chemical and Engineering News survey of the employment picture for chemical professionals. Focuses on the question of needing a Ph.D.; employment opportunities; salaries; and career planning, including the names and addresses of many employers of chemists and chemical engineers. (SK)

Examines trends in participation of women in science and engineering over the past decade and estimates changes during the 1980s. Focuses on educational attainment, employment status and sector, and salaries, and indicates a gap in salaries and career opportunities between men and women. (JN)

Discusses scientific and technical education in the Soviet Union (based in part on extensive interviews with Soviet scientists and engineers), focusing on system of secondary education, preparing students for advanced study, renewed emphasis on specialized secondary schools, higher education/training, and future developments. (Author/JN)

Reports on research and development (R&D) spending and manpower, emphasizing R&D in chemistry and chemical engineering. Data are presented in tables and graphs related to the federal government, industry, universities and colleges, and a total look at United States R&D efforts. (SK)

Data are presented in chart and graph form focusing on research and development (R&D) funding by the federal government, including federal obligations for total R&D (largest increases for defense and space); research; scientific disciplines; development; basic research; applied research; university research and applied research; and funds for scientists/engineers. (JN)

Data on U.S. research and development (R&D) efforts are presented in chart and graph form, focusing on trends, sources of funds, performance and character of R&D, employed scientists/engineers, abstracts appearing in Chemical Abstracts, and U.S. patents. Indicates that most R&D is done by private industry with funding for development. (JN)

Data on industrial research and development (R&D) are presented in chart and graph form, including total funds, federal funds, company funds, company spending (budgets), R&D by U.S. companies abroad, and R&D scientists/engineers in industry. Indicates spending on R&D last year by the chemical industry was up about 18 percent. (JN)

Results of a National Science Foundation survey indicate that developing shortages of science and engineering graduates in the current labor force for the most part do not apply to chemists and chemical engineers. (Author/JN)

A 1981 survey of United States and Canadian American Institute of Physics members shows salaries keeping up with inflation, shifts toward interdisciplinary work, but underrepresentation of women in higher paying positions. Although focusing on the 1981 employment situation, some speculation as to future changes are included. (Author/JN)

Presents findings on employment situations for chemists and chemical engineers, focusing on: (1) comparison of chemists and chemical engineers; (2) salaries; (3) career planning; and (4) demand, indicated to be decidedly less than in previous years as a result of the deep business recession. (JN)

Discusses data on chemical research and development (R&D). Areas addressed include sources of R&D funds, R&D spending by the federal government and by industry, and sources of academic R&D funds. provides charts and tables and data on scientists/engineers, budgets, comparisons between applied/basic R&D, abstracts in chemical abstracts, and others. (JN)

Reports that overall employment reversed a two-year decline begun in 1984. States that employment of scientists and engineers increased although chemicals were modestly produced. Relates a steady rise in wages for chemical workers. Tables include industrial employment; employment of scientists and engineers; chemical employment; wages; and productivity. (RT)

Summarizes five speeches from the Second National Conference of the Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR). Probes the role of undergraduate institutions in improving precollege training and structuring student research programs. Discusses some current problems of science and science education. Considers the history and activities of the CUR. (YP)