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In this paper we propose a new method to evaluate the effects of nationwide conservation voltage reduction (CVR) on peak-load shaving, using substation operating results management system (SOMAS) data. Its evaluation is based on a national CVR factor, which is defined as the weighted average of CVR factors associated with all transformer banks and weighting coefficients are determined by the reconstructed loads corresponding to each transformer bank. To make use of the data resulting from nationwide CVR without installing additional measuring devices, we adopt a linearized static-load model with a linearizing parameter. SOMAS data are used to evaluate the effects of nationwide CVR on peak-load shaving in the Korean power system. Evaluation results show that the national CVR factor of the Korean power system has small values in the summer season and large values in the winter season. This means that the effect of nationwide CVR on peak-load shaving in the Korean power system presents stronger benefits during winter months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a methodology for rapid assessment of energy efficiency and of its impact on energy costs and on environment. Indicators of energy efficient and of environmental impact assessment are proposed. As a numerical example, we present a case study for a pulp and paper mill. Such methodology is very useful for departments tracking energy consumption and for decision staff from paper mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to single physical products or services, Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPS2) are characterized by a very high degree of dynamic changes not only during their planning, but throughout their entire life cycle. These changes have to be managed, tracked and documented by a change management process and supported by a change management system. As IPS2 changes and change processes are very difficult to plan during the development phase of IPS2, existing static and deterministic change management solutions are not appropriate to be used for IPS2. This paper describes a new concept of an adaptive change management for IPS2. The concept described allows for appropriate redesigning, adaption and execution of change processes of IPS2 throughout its entire life cycle to carry out an IPS2 change most efficiently with regard to time and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study is to assist users and to determine how digital proofing systems used in colour management effect print qualities. Also the main theme of this study is to determine the effects of digital proofing systems used in colour management on print quality by artificial neural network (ANN). The R 2 values are obtained 0.99702 and 0.99688 for training data as matte and cuated papers, respectively. Similarly, these values for testing data are 0.994707 and 0.99629, respectively. The ANN approach shows greater accuracy for evaluating colour management. Based on the outputs of the study, ANN model can be used to estimate the effects of digital proofing systems used in colour management on print quality with highly confidence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper describes an evaluation method for the assessment of hospital building design from the viewpoint of operations management to assure that the building design supports the efficient and effective operating of care processes now and in the future. The different steps of the method are illustrated by a case study. In the case study an experimental design is applied to assess the effect of used logistical concepts, patient mix and technologies. The study shows that the evaluation method provides a valuable tool for the assessment of both functionality and the ability to meet future developments in operational control of a building design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new shell element has been proposed for geometrically non-linear, finite element analyses of axially moving paper web. Web instability problems of paper travelling in a printing system, such as wrinkling and fluttering, pose special challenges in the numerical analyses. For examples, these are finite bending stiffness (as opposed to membrane), orthotropy, and non-uniform distributions of mechanical and hygro-properties (in different length scales). The new formulation has accounted for paper transport velocity and paper bending stiffness based on a mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian description of the motion. A natural coordinate system has been employed in the analytical and finite element formulations. Benchmarking with different finite elements in various tests showed that the proposed element is indeed more stable and reliable for the chosen application than existing elements. The usability of the shell element has been successfully demonstrated by two example problems: wrinkling of stretched isotropic and orthotropic membranes, and the vibration of a web showing a speed-tensioning effect above a critical web transport velocity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ethno-pedology, the systematic definition and classification of indigenous technical knowledge of soil attributes, has often ignored scientific knowledge of soil properties. This paper considers one ethno-pedological class, cesa–goz soils, managed by Kanuri and Shuwa Arab peoples in the Kala–Balge region, northeast Nigeria. Soil micromorphology demonstrates that these soils have been managed in different ways over extended periods, defined by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. This has resulted in discrete soil types, indicating that ethno-pedological soil classification can be enhanced by integrating it with scientifically defined soil properties and chronologies. These observations carry major implications for the application of ethno-pedology approaches to land management development and the understanding of landscape history. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents a multi-level decision making perspective of the innovation process. First, by considering the innovation process as a type of decision. Second, by viewing innovation as composed of multiple decision processes. Third, by analyzing innovation in terms of decision domains that "enable" innovation and that "execute" innovation. Fourth, by discussing how decision factors act as determinants of innovation. Implications are discussed and propositions are offered which consider several critical tasks in the successful management of innovation decision process(es). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]