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O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor a utilização da análise de redes sociais (ARS) direcionada aos arranjos institucionais, possibilitando a pesquisa empírica da responsabilidade socioambiental no setor florestal. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, no qual se construiu graficamente uma rede a partir da identificação de todas as organizações atuantes em projetos ambientais através de parcerias com empresas do setor. A base de dados empregada foi o Relatório de Responsabilidade Socioambiental da Associação Brasileira de Celulose e Papel (BRACELPA, 2006). Os dados, processados pelo software UCINET, permitiram visualizar interações entre o setor privado, o setor público e o terceiro setor. A partir dessa base de dados foi possível detectar cinco subgrupos de atuação socioambiental formados pelas empresas do setor florestal e suas parceiras, além da existência de diferenças quantitativas e qualitativas entre os arranjos institucionais de cada subgrupo. Esses arranjos podem ser explorados inserindo em futuras análises outros atributos aos atores sociais pertencentes à rede. A metodologia permite a obtenção de dados estratégicos, sendo a Bracelpa possível articuladora e potencializadora da atuação socioambiental das empresas através do fortalecimento dos laços relacionais entre os subgrupos. Este trabalho abordou o conceito de redes sociais e de análise de redes para as Ciências Florestais. Em especial, os resultados apontaram caminhos para novas pesquisas sobre cultura gerencial, multiplicação de informações, dinamização das ações, sinergia com parceiros e potencial de incorporação da metodologia pelas próprias organizações do setor.The aim of this paper was to propose the utilization of a network analysis as a methodology to discuss the Social-Environmental Responsibility on forest based companies focused on the articulation among industry, governmental agencies and the outsourced sector. A case study was conducted identifying all the social participants involved in the environmental projects published in the Social-Environmental Responsibility Report of Brazilian Pulp and Paper Association (Bracelpa, 2006). Data was analyzed with UCINET software and allowed visualize interactions among private companies, public sector and the outsourced sector. Five subgroups were detected formed by the companies and their partners. There are quantitative and qualitative differences among subgroup arrangements. These arrangements can be explored inserting new attributes to the actors. The methodology allows for the obtaining strategic information for strengthening actions. Bracelpa can fortify these relations between subgroups. This paper brings the social net concept to forestry science. Specially, the results indicate the possibilities of new research involving culture management, informational multiplication, shares dynamics, partnerships and forestry companies using the methodology.

This paper describes the author's attempt to design assignments that engage preservice elementary teachers in original mathematical thinking. In particular, the choice of integer operations as the focus of a [...]

Abstract: Pulp and paper mills typically generate significant quantities of non-hazardous solid waste which require management as a waste material or as a by-product. Most of these solids are removed after primary mechanical treatment, resulting in a sludge that contains large quantities of fibers, papermaking fillers, or both. Although this primary sludge is commonly landfilled, it could be recycled into production on-site, reused in other pulp and paper mills, or used in other products. In an effort to explore these possibilities, the fiber content, fiber quality, and key physical and chemical properties (humidity, ash content, abrasiveness, drainability, and O2 uptake) of 20 different primary sludges sampled in European mills are reviewed in this paper. Although sludge characteristics are highly variable across pulp and paper mill processes, sludges can be considered to fall into two main types: high-ash sludge (>30% dry weight) and low-ash sludge (<30% dry weight). Results of paper tests (caliper, breaking length, tear index, elongation, bursting strength, stiffness, opacity, whiteness, and porosity) and board tests (ring crush test, Concora medium test, corrugated crush test) suggest that at least 12 of the sludges studied could be reused in the paper and board industry. The results make it possible to differentiate three primary sludge grades: the first needs little cleaning and has appropriate strength properties to be a component of printing and writing papers, tissues, and wrapping papers; the second requires cleaning, bleaching, or both and has appropriate strength properties for applications that do not require high brightness, such as corrugated board, boxboard, and some tissue grades; the third requires cleaning and has limited strength properties, but could be used in some mills that operate using closed water cycles because the final product can tolerate a certain degree of dirt and contamination, as in some packaging and construction-paper grades. Primary sludges share several features in common with recycled paper, and therefore these two materials could be managed together. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

No, Barney Frank told a relatively new Washington Times reporter back in 1990, no he did not want to be interviewed. The Washington Times, the congressman added, was 'an odious [...]

This paper examines North American pulp and paper company bankruptcies that occurred between 1990 and 2009. We demonstrate that shareholders suffer substantial losses (37 %) during the month a bankruptcy occurs. Encouragingly, we show that financial ratios are useful in predicting firm failure and that failed firms are less profitable, more liquidity constrained and higher in debt leverage. Using a binary logit model in the spirit of Ohlson (J Acc Res, 19, 109–131, 1980 ), we predict financial distress for pulp and paper firms 1 to 2 years ahead of the bankruptcy. We also adapt and re-estimate the empirical model on a sample of pulp and paper firms and perform in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. For the out-of-sample analysis, our re-estimated Ohlson models correctly predict 93 % of bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a methodology for rapid assessment of energy efficiency and of its impact on energy costs and on environment. Indicators of energy efficient and of environmental impact assessment are proposed. As a numerical example, we present a case study for a pulp and paper mill. Such methodology is very useful for departments tracking energy consumption and for decision staff from paper mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this article is to analyze how the installation of these offices is in the eight municipalities with units of the 12th Military Fire Brigade (12º BBM). Design/methodology/approach -- This study had an exploratory character. Data collection took place through structured interviews with a total of eight interviews carried out with the Secretaries of Administration of the prefectures, one for each municipality with units of the 12th Military Fire Brigade (12º BBM). Findings -- It was observed that, despite the positive impact generated in local public security, only the municipality of Panambi has the GGIM in operation, however, it only conducts meetings of the Plenary, with partial installation, reducing the positive impact on public safety local. It became clear that municipalities ignore its importance for the promotion of local public safety by creating GGIMs only on paper. Research limitations/implications -- Do not realize interviews with those responsible for the creation of the offices is a limiting factor of the research, as well as the short time of operation of the GGIM's to carry out a comparative analysis of crime rates. Originality/value (mandatory) -- It highlights the importance and potential of the Municipal Integrated Management Offices for the transformation of the local scenario, while providing a channel for dialogue between the actors involved and for the establishment of joint and planned solutions to the problems faced within the scope of Public Security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section is placed at the beginning of a manuscript and must convey everything presented: what the research was about, where, why, and how it was conducted, and what it means relative to the current state of knowledge. It should consist of one paragraph of 250 or fewer words (i.e., no more than 3% of length of manuscript). Abstracts always are written in the past tense, thus, the best quality abstracts are written after the remainder of the manuscript is finished. Bibliographic services publish only the title and abstract of manuscripts. When conducting a literature search, researchers may read abstracts of perhaps 100 s of papers in which the titles possibly have bearing on an aspect of their work. Only if the content of the abstract seems relevant, will researchers progress to reading the article from which the abstract was derived. Therefore, great care must be used to write an abstract so it correctly reflects the contents of the manuscript in a precise and concise manner that can stand alone. Furthermore, it must contain no figures, tables, or references to them, or material not presented in the body of the manuscript; except for critique papers, no literature citations should be included. Also, it should not contain acronyms or jargon, even with definitions, not readily known to the general reading audience of the publication in which the manuscript will be published., INTRODUCTION This section should include a well-ordered compilation of published information, with necessary literature citations that lead to the 'why' of the research being conducted and reported to the scientific [...]

The following is a true story: I need to attend a faculty meeting in 15 minutes. I am also planning to look into the process of buying an academic paper [...]

One of the most common problems, encountered in the quality of product industrial units, includes low level & high distribution of production quality specifications. The complexity of methods causes the manager not to be able to make the right decision for solving this problem. The Six Sigma methodology is a powerful tool for adjusting the parameters of production processes & its optimization in order to make them competitive products. To be able to guide the quality changes of goods in the desirable direction, first we must become familiar with these changes & then we must recognize the reasons of their presence. In this regard, barcode system which has high capabilities in increasing the speed & precision of data transfer can help the organization to reach a desirable level of sigma. The present article has attempted to familiarize the readers with the definition of six sigma methodology & how to use the barcode system to improve the sigma level in a case study. The quality improvement of products which is a result of optimized management of sigma level has resulted in achieving desirable economical goals for the organization. These goals have been assessed in the conclusion section.

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For many researchers, phenomenology can be hugely complex, so any attempt to offer an understanding of the method is to be welcomed. Whether this can be achieved in a relatively [...]

Maximizing recovery and characterization of extractable proteins from secondary paper sludge is essential to explore the potential value from utilization of readily available waste products from pulp and paper mills. A multistep physicochemical recovery process was used, involving optimum alkaline solubilization of protein into an aqueous phase followed by augmented physical disruption of cell membranes. The final precipitation of solubilised protein was carried out using different acidic media. The optimization studies revealed that the best removal of intercellular contents from sludge can be achieved at pH 12; at this level, up to 88% of available protein is solubilised into the aqueous phase. Of all the precipitating agents used, sulphuric acid proved most effective by recovering 90% of disrupted protein. The combined effect of french press and sonication techniques resulted in significant improvement in the overall yield of recovered sludge protein (RSP). The characterization studies showed the presence of common and essential amino acids in RSP in significant quantities; it also showed that the recovery process can significantly reduce or eliminate heavy metals present in the sludge. The molecular weights (MW) of extractable proteins were determined by PAGE, and it was observed that RSP contains both low and high MW fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential knowledge of government business among clerks in the Treasury's paper room stimulated new logs to control transit of records and classified indexes to expand recall of business beyond personal memory. Despite a flowering of expertise in records matters before the First World War, effective changes were compromised by the volume of paper work, inherent limitations of format, and the increased speed of business. Additional staff was the favoured option for keeping up because it did not imply re-thinking the format of records, optimum linking of their physical and intellectual control, or changed operations of the paper room and re-assignment of staff. Classified indexes, a Victorian achievement in the Treasury, held the central service together until the restrictions of format and space for files and for registration notes and for paper room operations led to a new system of registration and classification in 1920. The Victorian separation of initial registration from ultimate classification was replaced by the union of the two processes at the beginning; the principle of file formation changed from one letter, one file, to one subject, one file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have come up with a cost-effective way of creating solar cells using vapour deposition method. They have demonstrated that a solar cell can [...]

Summary: Review of recent critical care provision reveals substantial changes in clinical unit operating, and policy drivers influencing international critical care delivery. Practitioners who have worked in healthcare environments over this time, will have witnessed substantial shifts in healthcare policy, changes in professional body guidance and greater service evaluation have impacted on critical care management and leadership. This paper offers a personal perspective on seminal management and leadership papers published in the critical care literature over the past decade. Presenting a range of national and international work that utilise diverse approaches, ten key papers are highlighted that have impacted in the United Kingdom setting. Through this, the influence of the modernisation agenda, the increasing significance of outcome studies, and the need for flexible, interdependent practice emerges. A key message to surface from this paper is the need for all in critical care to engage with, and understand the wider implications of management and leadership change for critical care delivery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers advice on writing papers for the journal "Academy of Management Review" ("AMR"). The editors offer insights into the psychological experience of submitting work to the periodical, discuss the nuances of revising and resubmitting (R&R) work, and offer coping strategies from the entire AMR Editorial Review Board (ERB).

'It is as if we are expecting the next explosion to happen, the next anthrax-tainted envelope to be mailed and we are aware it can happen in Shreveport just as [...]

The Canadian Association of Radiologists Incidental Findings Working Group consists of both academic subspecialty and general radiologists and is tasked with adapting and expanding upon the American College of Radiology incidental findings white papers to more closely apply to Canadian practice patterns, particularly more comprehensively dealing with the role of ultrasound and pursuing more cost-effective approaches to the workup of incidental findings without compromising patient care. Presented here are the 2020 Canadian guidelines for the management of hepatobiliary incidental findings. Topics covered include initial assessment of hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis, the workup of incidental liver masses identified on ultrasound and computed tomography (with algorithms presented), incidental gallbladder findings (wall thickening, calcification, and polyps), and management of incidental biliary dilatation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper management manuals, written by professional organizers, offer advice on which documents to discard as well as how to organize those that are retained. The guidelines on setting up headings for a filing system relate to the concepts of alphabetico-classed arrangement, specificity and slanted indexing. The manuals provide criteria for cross-references vs double posting that are similar to those of the indexing literature. As a genre, paper management manuals have poor indexes. Professional organizers should study the indexing literature, and indexers can contribute to the field of paper management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeration, as a process in pulp and paper wastewater treatment, uses the greatest share of the energy. Therefore, if the energy efficiency of the treatment has to be improved, the focus must be on aeration. A key finding from the trials conducted for this paper, with effluent from a paper and pulp mill, was that the oxygen transfer coefficient could be doubled and the chemical oxygen demand could be decreased by 25%, if the effluent was pre-treated with 30 mg/l of aluminium coagulant (equivalent to 9.4 tonnes per day of AVR to 20000 cubic metres of effluent). Decrease in oxygen requirement implies decreases in aeration energy use. Pulp and paper mill effluents are not as biodegradable as municipal sewage, and the improvement in oxygen transfer properties of the effluent will have a positive influence over a longer period of time in the biological treatment. If the sludge is digested anaerobically, pre-treatment will also result in doubling the potential for methane generation. A holistic analysis of modifications to processes entails a study of the economic and environmental consequences as well. While the economic aspect is beyond the scope of this paper, only the net global warming as an environmental impact category has been studied, by taking recourse to specific emission coefficients. Of the four dosages of ferric aluminium sulphate considered in this analysis, the net greenhouse gas emissions are the least – 426 kg carbon dioxide equivalent per day when the daily consumption is 9.4 tonnes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the current literature on issues of maternity care relevant to rural populations underpins 14 recommendations prepared and approved by 5 national physician, midwifery and nursing organizations. This [...]

A new shell element has been proposed for geometrically non-linear, finite element analyses of axially moving paper web. Web instability problems of paper travelling in a printing system, such as wrinkling and fluttering, pose special challenges in the numerical analyses. For examples, these are finite bending stiffness (as opposed to membrane), orthotropy, and non-uniform distributions of mechanical and hygro-properties (in different length scales). The new formulation has accounted for paper transport velocity and paper bending stiffness based on a mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian description of the motion. A natural coordinate system has been employed in the analytical and finite element formulations. Benchmarking with different finite elements in various tests showed that the proposed element is indeed more stable and reliable for the chosen application than existing elements. The usability of the shell element has been successfully demonstrated by two example problems: wrinkling of stretched isotropic and orthotropic membranes, and the vibration of a web showing a speed-tensioning effect above a critical web transport velocity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bianchi's paper 'Improving Performance and Fostering Accountability in the Public Sector through System Dynamics Modelling--From an 'External' to an 'Internal' Perspective' (2010, this issue) presents a general framework for conducting [...]