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Introduction: The epidemic of viral respiratory diseases in the last 20 years has affected many people around the world. In these situations, telemedicine may reduce unnecessary contacts and the risk of exposure to infection. This study aimed to review the papers performed to manage viral respiratory disease epidemics using telemedicine. Material and Methods: The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched in May 2020 for this systematic review study. Data were extracted from the final included papers based on the author, country, type of epidemic, telemedicine modality, telecommunication method, objective, participants, clinical outcome, cost, and satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: From 365 retrieved papers, 18 papers were included. Most of the papers were done in the US and China (67%). Half of the papers were done during the COVID-19 pandemic. Real-time modality was used in 78% of the papers. The telecommunication method in half of the papers was internetbased. Patients’ management and treatment was the main objective of the six papers. In 81% of the teleconsultation papers, the consultation was performed between patients and healthcare providers. The clinical outcome of all papers showed that telemedicine was successful in the management of viral respiratory disease epidemics. Cost and satisfaction outcomes were considered in a few papers. Conclusion: There is considerable evidence to show that telemedicine is a useful and convenient method to manage and control viral respiratory disease epidemics. Therefore, countries should pay special attention to telemedicine to control the current pandemic and future epidemics and use it extensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents call for papers for the Second International Association for Chinese Management Research biennial Conference to be held in Nanjing, China, on June 15–18, 2006. Submission deadline on October 15, 2005; Conference's focus on ‘Knowledge Creation in a Transitional Economy’; Languages of presentations in the regular program; Research topics; Conference proceedings; Submission requirements of paper presentations; Submission requirements of professional development workshop proposals.

Industrial wastewater discharge in China is increasing with the country's economic development and it is worthy of concern. The discharge is primarily relevant to the direct discharge coefficient of each sector of the economy, its direct input coefficient and the final demand in input-output models. In this study, we calculated the sensitivity of the reduction in the Chinese industrial wastewater discharge using the direct input coefficients based on the theory of error-transmission in an input-output framework. Using input-output models, we calculated the direct and total industrial wastewater discharge coefficients. Analysis of 2007 input-output data of 30 sectors of the Chinese economy and of 30 provincial regions of China indicates that by lowering their direct input coefficients, the manufacturers of textiles, paper and paper products, chemical products, smelting and metal pressing, telecommunication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment will significantly reduce their amounts of industrial wastewater discharge. By lowering intra-provincial direct input coefficients to industrial sectors themselves of Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, there will be a significant reduction in industrial wastewater discharge for the country as a whole. Investment in production technology and improvement in organizational efficiency in these sectors and in these provinces can help lessen the direct input coefficients, thereby effectively achieving a reduction in industrial wastewater discharge in China via industrial restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysmenorrhea, classified as primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea, is a common gynecological symptom that seriously affects female daily life. At present, studies on dysmenorrhea are numerous and complex. To better reflect the trend and innovative progress of dysmenorrhea-related research, this study screened papers on the Web of Science from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2022. A total of 1012 papers were selected and analyzed for their affiliated countries, institutions, authors, keywords, etc. China is the country with the most academic output, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the most influential institution, and Yang Jie, from Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, is the scholar with the most papers. We consider that the current research focus is on pathogenesis, treatment, epidemiology, and self-management. With increasing research on functional connectivity between dysmenorrhea and various brain regions, functional connectivity has gradually become the forefront of research. We hope our study can promote the further study of dysmenorrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to provide a theoretical guide for preserving ancient books in China. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews the history of the damage and preservation of ancient books in China, and analyzes the value attributes of ancient books: archaeological value, historical value and artistic value. Findings - The paper proposes a preservation framework for Chinese ancient books. This framework is composed of three layers. The foundation layer is to preserve the physical entity of ancient books so that the archaeological values are preserved. The middle layer is to preserve the intellectual content of ancient books so that the values for historical research are preserved. The top layer is mainly about preserving the productions process of the artistic format of ancient books, so that not only the static artistic formats are preserved, the techniques and procedures to produce the artistic format are preserved as well. Originality/value - The paper presents a framework that connects the value attributes of ancient books and the strategies to preserve those values, systematizes them and presents them as a whole. The framework can be used to justify government policies and help identify pitfalls in the preservation strategies for ancient books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving earthquake disaster loss estimation speed and accuracy is one of key factors in effective earthquake response and rescue. The presentation of exposure data by applying a dasymetric map approach has good potential for addressing this issue. With the support of 30" * 30" areal exposure data (population and building data in China), this paper presents a new two-phase earthquake disaster loss estimation method for emergency response situations. This method has two phases: a pre-earthquake phase and a co-earthquake phase. In the pre-earthquake phase, we pre-calculate the earthquake loss related to different seismic intensities and store them in a 30" * 30" grid for mat, which has four stages: determining the earthquake loss calculation factor, gridding possible damage matrixes, the building damage calculation and the people loss calculation. The dasymetric map approach makes this possible. Then, in the co-earthquake phase, there are two stages of estimating loss: generating a theoretical isoseismal map to depict the spatial distribution of the seismic intensity field; then, using the seismic intensity field to extract statistics of disaster loss from pre-calculated loss estimation data to obtain the final estimation results. The method is validated by four actual earthquakes that occurred in China. The method not only significant improves the speed and accuracy of loss estimation, but gives spatial distribution for the loss, which will be effective in aiding earthquake emergency response and rescue. Additionally, re lated pre-calculated earthquake loss estimation data in China could serve to provide disaster risk analysis before earthquakes happen. Currently, the pre-calculated loss estimation data and the two-phase estimation method are used by the China Earthquake Administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the education field, professional learning communities (PLCs) are regarded as an effective method for fostering professional development for teachers, enhancing student learning and achievement, and promoting school reform. Quality leadership and management are understood to be essential for schools to become effective PLCs. Mainly proposed by Western scholars, existing PLC frameworks explicitly or implicitly assume that PLCs should be initiated and led by teachers themselves, following a bottom-up approach. The goal of this conceptual overview paper is to challenge certain taken-for-granted core principles of Western PLC frameworks by analyzing the current approach to PLCs adopted by preschools in mainland China, which follow a top-down leadership and management approach. We review multiple research streams, including policy frameworks and regulations, as well as the most relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical studies published in recent years. After reviewing China's core socio-cultural traditional values, we describe the recent policies that have mandated the establishment and implementation of PLCs in Chinese preschools. We then review several recent studies that demonstrate that, despite profound differences to Western frameworks, PLCs in Chinese preschools are effective in benefitting teachers and highly regarded by the relevant stakeholders. The literature shows that Chinese preschools enact culturally situated versions of PLCs, characterized by some standard PLC principles (e.g., shared vision, collaboration, and collective responsibility) alongside features that resonate with Confucian values (e.g., strong hierarchical structure, guidance of external experts, internal leadership support, and greater emphasis on ecological support rather than personal agency and autonomy). We conclude that Chinese preschools merit international attention, as their approach to leadership and management allow us to reconsider certain core principles of Western PLC frameworks. Future directions for PLC policy and practice are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s growing economic importance has led to a significant increase in the volume of empirical research about business and management in this country during the last few years. This study reviews the 180 empirical papers focusing on the Chinese context that were published in 12 leading international academic journals between 2000 and 2005. A summary of the methodologies used and the topics analysed is offered, along with various rankings of journals, authors, institutions, and papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospital chief financial officer (CFO) plays a vital role in supporting the effective management of organization. Understanding their competencies is essential to improve hospital development and health care services in China. This paper aims to explore competencies necessary for hospital CFOs to fulfil their management responsibilities and develop a competency framework for hospital CFOs in China. Methods: A qualitative study was applied by conducting in-depth interviews with 151 participants from 15 Chinese provinces, comprising 89 individuals from 67 hospitals, and 62 individuals from 39 medical universities. Interviews were anonymised, recorded and transcribed. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied through a multi-stage review process and modified via the Delphi process using a national panel of 36 experts. Results: Using content analysis, we identified 17 competencies organized into three themes (personal attitudes, leadership competencies and managerial competencies) to conduct a competency framework for hospital CFO to fulfil their management practices. Those competencies emphasized the integration of different competencies required by the hospital CFO. Conclusions: This paper identified the detailed expertise, abilities and personal traits required by hospital CFOs in China, expanding the insights and perspectives of hospital CFOs currently working in China to literature. The proposed framework will help hospitals establish selection criteria, coaching tools, and development plans for CFOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of the papers included in this issue is to cover a broad range of contemporary issues in Chinese corporate financial management and therefore provide the readers with important insights into Chinese financial markets as well as the social and economic consequences of firm behavior in the Chinese context. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of this issue is a special section on “Corporate Finance and Corporate Social Responsibility”, which includes three papers that explore various aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a finance perspective – including the relationship between CSR and the cost of equity, the “insurance-like effect” of CSR and competition in corporate philanthropy. The remainder of the issue includes seven further papers that cover a wide range of finance-related topics, including currency and equity, monetary policy, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, earnings management, overseas investment, information disclosure, social capital and cosmopolitanism. All of the papers included in this issue are based on empirical research that draws on primary and secondary data from Chinese financial markets and from the information disclosures of Chinese enterprises. Findings – The authors are confident that such in-depth discussions and analysis will help researchers and practitioners to develop a better understanding of the issues faced by Chinese managers in the context of China’s economic transformation. The findings reported in this issue will help inform and develop Chinese management theories based on a wide range of Chinese management practices. Originality/value – Each paper in this issue reports on different aspects of finance, reporting and management in the Chinese context, discussing findings that have both relevance and significance beyond China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Talent is a crucial resource for economic and social development, serving as the driving force behind urban progress. As China experiences rapid growth in digital city construction, the capability of e-services continues to improve incessantly. In China, the new-generation highly educated migrants (NGHEMs) account for ~ 20–30% of the total floating populations. This study aimed to explore the settlement intention of new-generation highly educated migrations in China from the new perspective of urban e-service capabilities. Furthermore, the mechanism of the urban e-services on the settlement intention on the NGHEMs will be proved. Methods: This paper employed data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017 and Evaluation Report of Government E-service Capability Index (2017). Descriptive analyses were conducted to investigate the factors influencing the settlement intention of NGHEMs in the destination city. Based on the principle of utility maximization, LASSO regression was employed to select individual and city characteristics that determined the settlement intention of NGHEMs. The impact of urban e-services on settlement intention was analyzed by using ordinal logit model. Additionally, robustness check, endogeneity analysis, and heterogeneity analysis were performed to validate the benchmark regression results. Finally, mediation model was employed to examine whether urban e-services enhance the settlement intention of NGHEMs by improving urban livability and urban innovation. Results: The results indicate that the urban e-services promote the NGHEMs' settlement intention in the destination cities. Moreover, the results are still robust through a series of robustness tests. Furthermore, from the perspective of individual and regional heterogeneity, urban e-services significantly enhances the settlement intention of NGHEMs with male and female, married and urban household registration, and urban e-services can promote the settlement intention of NGHEMs with over 3 million inhabitants and those in the eastern regions of China. Finally, the intermediary effect test shows that urban e-services promote the settlement intention of NGHEMs through urban livability and urban innovation. Conclusion: This study highlights the important impact of urban e-services on the settlement intention of new-generation highly educated migrants. The conclusions of this study provide suggestions for the government to use when designing policies to enhance the settlement intention of the NGHEMs and to improve the development of urban e-services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) has become a significant public health problem in mainland China. OP significantly increase the requirement of patients to seamless medical care service. So it is time to train the OP specialized nurses to promote the development of nursing science and improve the quality of clinical nursing practice and outcomes of patients. Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce the connotation, the current status and domains of research, and build core competence model for Chinese osteoporosis specialized nurse, as well as the implications for training osteoporosis specialized nurse in mainland China. Methods: An comprehensively understanding and reflection of the development history of clinical nursing specialist could ensure its continued success as a predominate force in health restoration , development of OP specialized nurses in mainland China and the promotion of the health and well-being of people. A review of the literature yielded a lack of cohesive information about the evolution of the CNS role, prompting an investigation into the historical, current, and future aspects of the CNS. Outcomes: This article compiles information related to the development history of the core competence and construct the roles-competences model and core competence model at the basis of core competencies theory, clinical ladders theory, roles theory and holistic theory apply to Chinese OP specialized nurses. Conclusions: An reasonable and scientific core competence model is the consolidate basis to promote the development of nursing science and OP specialized nurses in mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High risk is one of the most prominent characteristics of the Chinese construction industry, and it poses a significant threat to construction projects. Owing to initiatives aimed at achieving high efficiency, low carbon emissions, etc., industrialization of the construction industry has become an inevitable trend in China. However, it remains to be discussed whether industrialization of construction can reduce the risks entailed in construction projects compared with traditional construction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the theory of risk life cycle, this paper proposes a practical risk assessment technique to assess the risk life cycle, including the risk occurrence time and potential financial losses. This technique is then applied to assess the differences between the risks involved in an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project executed via traditional and industrial production modes. Findings: The results show that the total duration of risks in the industrial construction project is half of that in the traditional project. In addition, the expected financial loss entailed in the industrial construction project is 29 percent lower than that in the traditional construction project. Therefore, industrial construction has the potential to optimize risk performance. Originality/value: There is no significant difference between the traditional and industrial construction models in terms of probability of risk. The maximum total loss might occur in the procurement stage in the case of industrial production, and in the construction stage in the case of traditional production. Moreover, the total expected loss from risk in the EPC project in the industrial production mode is only half of that in the traditional production route. This study is expected to provide a new risk evaluation technique and promote an understanding of the life cycle of risk management in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood disaster has become one of the most damaging natural disasters for the highway transportation all around the world, especially its destructive effects on highway infrastructures. In order to better understand the ruinous influence of flood disaster on highway transportation in China, this paper proposes an alternative evaluation index of highway flood disaster risk from three aspects, namely the disaster-causing factors, disaster-inducing environment, and disaster-bearing subjects. This paper also puts forward some targeted suggestions for the risk management, including two aspects: physical protection measurement and organization and management measurement. Moreover, this paper develops a highway flood disaster risk management system by using the ArcGIS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, higher education institutions (HEIs) have a governance arrangement in which the university president and the party secretary occupy key roles. However, their legal roles as institutional leaders are vaguely specified in existing legal frameworks. Based on a four-dimensional theoretical model, this paper (i) clarifies the leadership roles in the dual governance structure, (ii) explores how HEI leaders (i.e. presidents and party secretaries) perceive their leadership, and (iii) applies the unique Chinese practices as a valuable test bed for critical reflections on how existing theoretical models of leadership are relevant in Chinese contexts. Through in-depth interviews with six top-level leaders from six Chinese public HEIs, our findings indicate that Chinese HEI leaders apply more structural than symbolic dimensions in their leadership practices. Whereas studies on institutional leadership conducted outside China tend to highlight the symbolic dimensions of leadership practices, our study suggests that top-level Chinese HEI leaders may assume the role of university managers rather than institutional leaders. We offer some reflections on the relevance of existing theoretical models of leadership and suggest the directions for further theoretical enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the crude oil procurement practices of Chinese oil refineries to suggest improved procurement policies that can reduce the cost associated with fluctuating oil prices in the international spot market. In the industrial environment, the purchase price of crude oil is based on the spot price at the time of delivery rather than that at the time of ordering. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a procurement model that factors in the spot prices at both the time of ordering and the time of delivery so that the total procurement cost can be minimised over the planning horizon. First, the shortcomings of the current procurement policy of a typical Chinese refinery are presented. A model to address these shortcomings is then developed and embellished by incorporating market information dynamics through Bayesian learning. The effectiveness of the proposed models is compared with the current practice using the historical spot price data of crude oil from two representative spot markets; this comparison verifies that the model with Bayesian sampling performs well empirically and can result in considerable cost savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to introduce ten studies included in this themed issue that illustrate from multifaceted angles some critical management issues and context-specific challenges on strategy and innovation facing the State and enterprises during China’s socio-economic transition. Instead of focusing on topics from the literature, this special issue (SI) pays more attention to characterising unique Chinese business practices in the transformation period.Design/methodology/approach The ten manuscripts were selected for this SI so that readers can compare how scholars used different research designs and multiple analytical and statistical approaches to draw conclusions.Findings These studies involve a wide range of aspects, as well as diversified perspectives demonstrating some critical management issues and context-specific phenomenon associated with the development of strategy and innovation in contemporary China. The results show that while pollution-related issues have had a damaging effect on China’s business environment, the Chinese government has to enact and enforce stricter environmental laws to promote technology innovation in a healthier manner; moreover, Chinese firms should pay greater attention to the trade-off between the increasing of resource consumption for growth and the reducing of energy use for the sake of the planet. In response to the grand innovation challenges Chinese manufacturing is confronted with, these papers suggest that policy support may not always be beneficial but sometimes detrimental to independent innovation, and that Chinese manufacturers may ultimately get access to the key and core technology of forerunners by forming a R&D strategic alliance in periphery knowledge/technology first. Overall, the outcomes of these studies provide a bigger picture and intriguing implications that may inspire practitioners, policymakers and academics to further ponder relevant issues in a more comprehensive way.Originality/value All ten studies based on original data were not reported elsewhere and demonstrated results that have not been addressed in prior research. This paper enriches one’s understanding of how Chinese firms have been deliberately seeking their own distinctive trajectories of developing strategy and innovation dissimilar to those of advanced economy companies, given the peculiar cultural background and institutional systems. Future research trends and opportunities are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Because of increasingly stressful, dangerous and unpredictable psychiatric nursing work, psychiatric nurses have experienced higher job stress than general ward nurses.Little is known about the factors that affect the turnover intention of Chinese psychiatric nurses. Understanding the influencing factors of nurses' turnover intention will help to formulate targeted measures to stabilize psychiatric nursing teams. What does this paper add to existing knowledge: The results showed that 70.2% of psychiatric nurses had higher turnover intention. The strong turnover intention of Chinese psychiatric nurses is a problem that needs to be considered by managers.The results showed that having more children, between 31 and 39 years old, and having a part‐time job were strongly associated with turnover intention. In addition, "job stress" was also an important factor, psychiatric nurses' turnover intention decreased as their job stress level decreased. What are the implications for practice: Nursing managers should pay attention to nurses who have more children, between 31 and 39 years old, and take on part‐time jobs. Additionally, nursing managers should reduce job stress and implement targeted programmes to prevent psychiatric nurses' turnover.Experience‐sharing meetings and mindfulness‐based stress reduction training are also useful to improve the mental health status of psychiatric nurses with great job stress. Nursing managers should arrange human resources and shifts appropriately to give nurses with more children more time with their families. Provide more development opportunities for psychiatric nurses between 31 and 39 years old. Managers explore the reasons why nurses take on part‐time jobs and take targeted interventions (such as increasing income) to reduce the behaviour that happens. Introduction: Nurses' turnover is the main cause of nursing shortages, greatly affected by nurses' intention to leave. Nurses' turnover rate is particularly high in psychiatric wards. Several factors influencing the turnover intention of psychiatric nurses have not been well identified in China, and the association between job stress and turnover intention is still limited. Aims: To examine the relationship between job stress and turnover intention and identify the influencing factors of psychiatric nurses' turnover intention. Methods: Data were collected from 2355 psychiatric Chinese nurses using a cross‐sectional design with an online questionnaire investigation. Results: Psychiatric nurses had higher turnover intention. Significant factors influencing their turnover intention were job stress, having more children, age between 31 and 39 years old, part‐time jobs, education, income and patient‐to‐nurse ratio. Discussion: Demographics and job‐related factors should be considered when developing strategies to reduce the turnover intention of psychiatric nurses. Implications for practice: Nursing managers should pay attention to nurses with higher job stress levels and different demographic characteristics. Effective measures should be taken to reduce psychiatric nurses' job stress and turnover intention, such as arranging reasonable shifts, implementing targeted family‐friendly policies, increasing their occupational possibilities and promoting mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Turtles have been on Earth for 300 million years, but their survival has been challenged as human activity has expanded. The results of a census and statistical analysis of artificially domesticated aquatic turtles in 15 provinces of China showed that 29 species were aquatic turtles native to China and a large number of exotic aquatic turtles are domesticated in China. This paper presents the current situation and problems of aquaculture and conservation of aquatic turtles in major provinces of China, and puts forward some suggestions for the conservation and management of aquatic turtles. China is a major country in turtle cultivation and has a long history of artificial breeding of turtles. In this study, a census and statistical analysis of artificially domesticated aquatic turtles in 15 provinces of China were conducted. The results showed that 29 species were aquatic turtles native to China, accounting for approximately 9% of the world's total, and a large number of exotic aquatic turtles are also domesticated in China. The present situation of artificial breeding and protection of aquatic turtles in major provinces of China is shown, and existing problems are also put forward, with suggestions for the protection and management of aquatic turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a review of the current status of raspberry production in China. The cultural practices, growing regions, and market trends of the raspberry industry in China are analyzed in detail. The paper also addresses the issues related to the recent expansion in China's commercial raspberry production. With the improved living standards and increased interest in growing raspberries, China has quietly become a future major raspberry producing country. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The current employment situation is grim, and the era of science and technology is conducive to college students providing new opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship. The inclusion of entrepreneurship education in college courses can open up more employment opportunities for students. Therefore, the educational environment is crucial for students' employment choices. This paper conducted a questionnaire survey on 582 college students from nine universities in Fujian Province, China, to develop a relationship model between science and technology innovation perception, education, and entrepreneurial intention. The results show that: 1. Science and technology innovation perception education has been proven to have a direct positive influence on college students' entrepreneurial intention; 2. Undergraduates work value orientation (including career orientation, mission orientation, and livelihood orientation) significantly affects entrepreneurial self-efficacy and thus entrepreneurial intention; and 3. Both work value orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy have a direct influence on entrepreneurial intention, but the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is greater than that of work value orientation. Therefore, enhancing college students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the main way to improve entrepreneurial intention. Based on this, to improve the entrepreneurial intention of college students, colleges and universities should strengthen science and technology innovation perception education, do a good job in student employment guidance, improve students' self-efficacy, meet undergraduates' diverse employment needs, and provide more entrepreneurship resources to undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global actions to address climate change, urban open green space is one of the main spatial objects that can be used to effectively mitigate greenhouse gases and to promote the implementation of climate adaptive policies. From a global perspective, this paper firstly analyzes the governance strategies and cooperation mechanisms of urban open green space as responding to climate change in European countries. Then, taking the Central City of Beijing as a case, the paper explores its urban thermal environment, distribution of urban open green space, and climate governance operation based on the specific conditions in China. Further, with the digital technologies of GIS and RS, it analyzes the nature and related governance demands of urban open green space and then divides the Central City of Beijing into four governance zones, following which this paper discusses the climate policy strategies and implementation approaches of each governance zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing emissions of industrial wastewater and poor control measures, environmental pollution has become a serious issue haunting China's economic development. Meanwhile, the current pollution management policy system in China is mainly under the supervision of the central government and executed by local governments. Under the current economic growth model of China, the industrial sector remains the dominant segment of our economy, which makes the Total Factor Efficiency (TFE) evaluation and policy analysis of industrial wastewater control decisive factors concerning China's future economic growth and sustainable development. Based on existing studies of China and abroad, and with the help of a Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) model, this paper used 39 industrial sectors and their input-output data from 2003 to 2014 of China as Decision Making Units to calculate the TFE of wastewater control in different industrial sectors of China. Moreover, we have designed and adopted our own MATLAB programming for optimization solutions of multi-variable constrained nonlinear functions in order to obtain a more accurate estimation of the TFE of wastewater control. Based on our calculation results, this paper further explained the difference in TFE and policy implications across typical industries in China, and offered policy recommendations accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply a postcolonial perspective on the findings from ethnographic research in a multi-national corporation in Shanghai and shed light on the ways that western creativity narratives are deployed as a means to mobilise and transform workers into self-governing, obedient corporate subjects.Design/methodology/approach The research applied ethnographic approaches to understand how creativity narratives are enacted in cross-cultural settings.Findings Creativity discourses in China often provoke anxieties around national capacity, economic growth and indigenous innovation. Locally trained knowledge workers in China are often assessed as less creative than their western counterparts and the reason attributed to cultural, pedagogical and political differences. However, these factors are not static in China’s fluid economic landscape and neither do Chinese workers uniformly accept that they are less creative.Originality/value This paper sheds light on a previously unexamined aspect of dominant western creativity discourses, which may be useful in future work amongst practitioners in international business settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has three main objectives. The first one is to emphasize the rationale for creating the 16+1 platform. The second goal is to underline the evolution of the common targets of the participants, through the lens of the five summits that took place during 2012-2016. The third objective is to highlight the heterogeneity of the CEE-16 and China's need to set specific targets, according to the characteristics and opportunities offered by each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early pre-hospital initiation of blood pressure (BP) lowering could improve outcomes for patients with acute stroke, by reducing hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and time to reperfusion treatment and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in ischemic stroke (IS). We present the design of the fourth INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-ACute stroke Trial (INTERACT4).Methods: A multi-center, ambulance-delivered, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) assessed trial of pre-hospital BP lowering in 3116 hypertensive patients with suspected acute stroke at 50+ sites in China. Patients are randomized through a mobile phone digital system to intensive BP lowering to a target systolic BP of < 140 mmHg within 30 min, or guideline-recommended BP management according to local protocols. After the collection of in-hospital clinical and management data and 7-day outcomes, trained blinded assessors conduct telephone or face-to-face assessments of physical function and health-related quality of life in participants at 90 days. The primary outcome is the physical function on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days, analyzed as an ordinal outcome with 7 categories. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power (α = 0.05) to detect a 22% reduction in the odds of a worse functional outcome using ordinal logistic regression.Discussion: INTERACT4 is a pragmatic clinical trial to provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness and safety of ambulance-delivered hyperacute BP lowering in patients with suspected acute stroke.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03790800. Registered on 2 January 2019; Chinese Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020534. Registered on 7 January 2019. All items can be found in this protocol paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of the municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Beijing, a city with a resident population of about 19.61 million in 2010, is presented in the article. Economic development and population growth have resulted in a MSW generation increase from 2.96 million tons in 2000 to 6.20 million tons in 2007, fluctuating to 6.35 million tons in 2010. The components of MSW over the past decade are characterized by increasing food and paper contents, and a decreasing ash content. The percentage of food waste, the main putrescible component, increased steadily from 45.77% in 2002 to 66.98% in 2010. Combustible materials, such as plastic, paper, textile, wood and food waste, accounted for 94.66% of MSW in 2008. There are 15 landfill sites, 2 incinerators and 2 composting plants in Beijing, with a total designed capacity of 15,380 tons/day in 2010. The main waste disposal technology used in Beijing is landfill, which accounts for 92.27% of the total designed capacity in 2008 and 78.54% in 2009. The designed capacity of the existing disposal plants cannot cope with the actual quantity of waste generation, resulting in overloading and premature closure of landfill sites. Solid waste incineration has been given priority in technology development and financial support over other disposal methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an overview of this special issue. Design/methodology/approach – The guest editorial introduces the papers in this special issue, focusing on practical wisdom for management from the Chinese classical traditions. Findings – Chinese culture increasingly will permeate international culture and move from peripheral to mainstream status. To ignore this in management education would be a grave oversight. Originality/value – The issue offers insights into the value of practical wisdom from Confucianism, the origins of Chinese classical trditions and Daoism, and the various streams of thought within the classical Chinese traditions and their contemporary relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the reception of the inaugural issue of "Management and Organization Review (MOR)" based on copies distributed, and number of times that the "MOR" articles have been accessed or downloaded from the Blackwell website. Introduction of Chinese abstracts and a Symposium on a new book on China; Number of copies of volume 1, issue 1, May 2005 issue of "MOR" distributed in June 2004; Ranking of "MOR" articles based on access count.

Twenty-five years of economic reform has propelled China to the center of the world's economic stage. Based on current trends, in the foreseeable future China is likely to become the largest economy in the world. China's dramatic growth may be envied by other developing economies, but for management scholars it presents an exciting intellectual puzzle. In this paper we describe the empirical context of China today, review contemporary research on Chinese management and organizations, and describe the nine papers in this special issue of Organization Science. The papers provide a close examination of how massive corporate transformation in China has influenced inter firm relationships, affected opportunity structures and social processes, and modified individual behaviors within firms. We identify the many paradoxes in this intellectual terrain and present a guide to the challenging research agenda ahead. We recommend that scholars of organizations think deeply about China as a context and consider China as an empirical setting where the boundaries of existing knowledge on organizations can be extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been seven years since the open door policy was officially instituted by the People's Republic of China. During this time, changes have taken place within Chinese society and China's dealings with the rest of the world. In this paper, the authors evaluate the problems and prospects for China's foreign trade marketing strategy. They make recommendations in five policy areas: (1) export promotion; (2) the mix of exports; (3) a systems approach to trade; (4) joint ventures stressing value-added labor and (5) the role of assembly technology. Each strategy is identified and discussed in terms of its future prospects in the development of China's trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Chinese efforts to join the ranks of the East Asian developing economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. It describes Chinese efforts to emulate the Japanese model of industrial management rather than American management schemes, and it notes the compatibilities between certain legacies of Maoist socialism in China's state enterprises and the Japanese model. In particular, the paper traces the development of the Chinese employment system in the state sector. Compatibilities include indications that the Chinese workers could become company men, that they prefer paternalistic managers, that their work responds to appreciation, and that they do not regard management and worker interests as necessarily conflictual. Granted the evolution of greater autonomy for Chinese state enterprises, the paper concludes that an organization-oriented system can develop within Chinese state enterprises and that a shift to a market economy need not be accompanied by a marketoriented employment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergent events of urban rail transit may cause train delay, even service disruption, and then lead to a large number of passengers stranded. Urban rail transit system is difficult to maintain normal operation, so passengers shall be transported through other traffic modes outside the station. Traffic management plan outside the station is analyzed and evaluated in advance, which can increase evacuation efficiency and reduce the influence of events on society. The plan is evaluated through analyzing and simulation. Firstly, this paper analyzes the influence of events on traffic outside the station and introduces common means of traffic management. Then, this paper studies integrated simulation method and chooses key evaluation indicators, thus use the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution to evaluate the traffic management plan based on simulation. Finally, taking Jiangsu Road station as an example, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of different plans by simulation, the evaluation results show that plan 2 (partial priority) is optimal, which provides a reference for urban rail transit emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to make a comparison, different from existing literature solely focusing on voluntary earnings forecasts and ex post earnings surprise, between the effects of mandatory earnings surprise warnings and voluntary information disclosure issued by management teams on financial analysts in terms of the number of followings and the accuracy of earnings forecasts. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses panel data analysis with fixed effects on data collected from Chinese public firms between 2006 and 2010. It uses an exogenous regulation enforcement to minimise the endogeneity problem. Findings – This paper finds that financial analysts are less likely to follow firms which mandatorily issue earnings surprise warnings ex ante than those voluntarily issue earnings forecasts. Moreover, ex post, they issue less accurate and more dispersed forecasts on former firms. The results support Brown et al.’s (2009) finding in the USA and suggest that the earnings surprise warnings affect information asymmetries. Practical implications – This paper justifies the mandatory earnings surprise warnings policy issued by Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission in 2006. Originality/value – Mandatory earnings surprise is a unique practical regulation for publicly listed firms in China. This paper, for the first time, provides empirical evaluation on the effectiveness of a mandatory information disclosure policy in China. Consistent with existing literature on information disclosure by public firms in other countries, this paper finds that, in China, voluntary information disclosure captures more private information than mandatory information disclosure on corporate earnings ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.Findings The results confirm management innovation as a complex project concerning organizational routines which represent a central and fundamental element of organizations. Also, it finds that organizational routines evolve in innovation implementation through a three-phase process consisting of the existing-routine-domination phase, the new-routine-creation phase, and solidification phase, each exhibiting different innovation activities and characteristics of participants’ cognition and behaviors; recreation of new routines is the key for routine evolution and, thus, for success of management innovations.Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for research in trade, industry, economics, management, and decision sciences to be presented at the Global Economic Transformation After the Asian Economic Crisis conference to be held in Hong Kong, China from May 26 to 28, 2000.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether acquiring firms attempt to adopt real earnings management strategy to upward reported earnings in the period of M&A announcement and provide an explanation for the underperformance of post-M&A in share payment M&A affairs occurring in China's capital market from 2008-2010. Design/methodology/approach: The author uses Roychowdhury's (2006) methodology to measure the magnitude of real earnings management of acquiring firms in stock for stock M&A by exploiting financial date from 2006 to 2011.The methodology includes three models, which are cash flow from operations, production costs and discretionary expenditures, respectively. Findings: It was found that firms using stock as a financing medium exhibit significant negative abnormal cash flows and abnormal discretionary expenses yet abnormal production costs significantly positive during the current period of M&A. Moreover, it was also documented that acquiring firms use real activities manipulation to overstate earnings for the purpose of improving market confidence. Finally, a negative association was found between REM and under-performance of post-M&A. Research limitations/implications: To some extent, these results explain the puzzle of performance decline over the following period of post-M&A. Meanwhile, our study adds to prior literature that capital market pressures induce acquiring firms inflate reported earnings by manipulating real activities in stock-financed M&Aoccurring in China's capital market. Practical implications: The author's result imply that investors, analysts and regulators cannot ignore more undetectable opportunism behaviors underlying reported earnings than accrualbased earnings management and the impact on the performance of post-M&A when they use financial statements to evaluate acquiring firms. Social implications: Our study plays important role in making public policies. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve outside supervisory mechanism and strengthen construction of honesty and faithfulness so as to realize the main purpose of value creation in M&A. Originality/value: The paper extends prior literature by taking a closer look at acquiring firms' managerial myopia behavior in stock-financed M&A. The administrators of acquiring firms have strong incentives to manage earning upward by adopting a more subtle way which is a costly means because it has value-destroying effect on performance of post-M&A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the “market-neutral” characteristics of the market-neutral strategy hedge funds in Chinese A-share market.Design/methodology/approach The analyses in the paper are conducted to study the market-neutral characteristics by means of index analysis, correlation analysis, β-neutral analysis and the three-factor model analysis.Findings The results show that the performance advantage of the market-neutral strategy hedge funds is obvious. Most market-neutral strategy funds are exposed to market risks and the α strategy funds also have obvious style factor exposure; strictly speaking, all of the market-neutral strategies have not reached the “market-neutral” requirements. This paper also finds that Chinese trading restrictions on stock index futures in September 2015 have a significant impact on Chinese market-neutral strategy hedge funds.Originality/value The conclusion of this paper has a certain reference value for understanding the risk characteristics and possible problems of hedge funds in emerging markets, and also has important reference value for investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The ageing of rural Chinese populations is challenging health and social policy, driving growth in rural nursing homes. Living environment plays a role in enhancing elderly quality of life (QoL), however, the impact of the built environment and care services are under-studied. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the built environment and care services on the QoL of elderly people within rural nursing homes in China.Design/methodology/approach A total of 242 residents of nursing home were surveyed, of which 76 percent were male and 24 percent were female. In total, 25.6 percent were aged between 60 and 69, 40.1 percent between 70 and 79, 31 percent between 80 and 89, and 3.3 percent were 90 or above. Quantitative data were analyzed through factor analysis, reliability test and multiple regression modeling.Findings The authors identified six built environment factors (room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, fire safety, and support facilities) and three services factors (i.e. daily care services, cleaning services, and healthcare services). QoL was measured over four dimensions: QoL, physical health, psychological health, and social relationships. Elderly QoL could be accurately predicted from room distance, space, barrier-free design, indoor environment, daily care services, and cleaning services.Practical implications Interventions in design of the built environment and the provision of care services are proposed, including dimensions of living space, heating, and provisions for qualified care providers.Originality/value This paper provides a clear picture about elderly special requirements on their built environment and healthcare services, helping architects, engineers and facilities managers understand elderly needs and improve built environment during design and operation stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has received massive foreign capital inflows after experiencing capital flight earlier in the last decade. The present paper offers estimates of capital inflows into China through the misinvoicing of trade after having outlined a model describing how trade prices could be manipulated by firms. In fact, the widely perceived undervalued Yuan has fueled expectations of a future revaluation of the Chinese currency. In a panel gravity modeling framework, we show that, China's export and import prices for some commodities are sensitive to the non-deliverable forward exchange rate for the RMB in Hong Kong. In light of the evolution of this rate, which has rather systemically reflected anticipated revaluation of the Chinese currency, it is contended that the persistent Chinese trade imbalances may actually camouflage hidden 'hot money' inflows. Our findings provide evidence for export over-invoicing and import under-invoicing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, day surgery has been promoted because its operation time and post-operative hospital stay are shorter than those of elective surgery. Day surgery can speed up the turnover of beds and operation rooms. Usually, the conditions of elective surgery patients are more complicated than those of day surgery patients. The development of the discipline, which means that the hospital has improved the skills of the doctors and the ability of doctors to cope with serious diseases and has increased the overall medical level of the hospital, requires surgeons to operate in some complicated elective surgeries. In the case of operating rooms and beds in short supply, there is a trade-off between the promotion of day surgery and the development of the discipline. Day surgery is relatively uncomplicated, but it requires more highly qualified surgeons. However, the development of the discipline requires surgeons to take on some complicated elective surgeris. Moreover, according to the notion of grading treatment, class-A tertiary hospitals are more suitable for patients with relatively complicated and serious conditions. In the emerging context of day surgery, highly qualified surgeons need to perform both day surgeries and elective surgeries. This paper studied how to control the admission of surgery patients. We take into account both day surgery promotion and discipline development in decision-making. A dynamic programming model was built for admission control, and a γ-adjust-threshold heuristic policy was proposed. We then compared the heuristic policy to three other policies through simulation. The results show that our heuristic policy outperforms the hospital's target policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scholarship on university autonomy in China's higher education system in the past three decades has focused on the macro-relationship between the party-state and university leadership. This paper focuses instead on university-level management practices and college-level academic autonomy. Drawing on the discourse of "administerization" and "de-administerization" within Chinese academia, we demonstrate how the dual administration system and outdated management practices common in the higher education system limit academic quality and educational autonomy at the college level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to compare human resource management (HRM) in China and Vietnam. The main thrust of the paper is broadly interpretative, as well as analytical. First, it sets out seven dimensions relating to the evolution of people-management there, namely, historical, cultural, political, legal, economic, demographic and management. Next, it deals with a number of contemporary issues relating to the implementation of HRM in the two countries. Last, it presents a set of conclusions regarding the national differentiation of HRM models and the implications for management in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the effects of fiscal decentralization and flat administrative structure on local budget size and program outlays. We test three related theoretical hypotheses in China's adoption of province-over-county scheme of financial administration. We provide evidence that both decentralization of expenditure and decentralization of revenue increase the size of local budgets; that the impact of the former far outweighs that of the latter with local budgets on a rising trajectory; and that discretion grants localities more means to increase their budget. These results show that as China's reform deepens the proportion of local outlay on administration declines because of more local discretion from eliminating the prefecture bypass between the province and counties. But neither decentralization nor increased local discretion has allocated more local resources for education, and both contribute to increasing outlay on economic development. The paper formulates tentative policy recommendations that carry potential application for other countries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether and to what extent the practical wisdom contained in classical Confucianism can provide conceptual and ethical resources for ethical leadership for Chinese companies in the twenty-first century. The objectives of the paper are: to reconstruct the core elements of Confucianism; to account some major issues confronting corporate China; to identify the attributes of the Confucian ethical leadership through those of Junzi against such a backdrop; to identify some major challenges for Junzi leadership in today's business environment in China; and to consider some implications of this analysis for management development and management education. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a normative analysis. Findings – A critical articulation of the concept of ethical leadership based on the Confucian notion of Junzi is presented, and the concept is examined against the context of problems confronting business in China. The challenges for Confucian ethical leadership are identified in the conclusion. Research limitations/implications – The paper presents a critical reference for managers who adopt or intend to adopt Confucian ideas in management. Social implications – The paper provides a critical reference for those in society who assume leadership positions to learn about Chinese ethical leadership. Originality/value – Few works in the literature have made the connection between Confucian ethical leadership and the Chinese corporate context with a critical approach and rigorous analysis to help reveal the inherent challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper seeks to propose that practical wisdom originating within the Chinese classical traditions has been instrumental in China's ascendance to the world stage. Its purpose is to analyze biographical data across 200 Chinese business leaders in order to gauge the relative influence of two competing ideologies – Maoism and Confucianism. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a two-step design process. First, modern day leadership archetypes characterizing Maoist and Confucian ideology were developed from the literature. Second, these archetypes were applied in the content analysis of biographical data on Chinese business leaders. Findings – There was evidence of both Maoism and Confucianism in the practices of Chinese business leaders. An unintended, third cohort of leaders emerged, representative of the younger end of the biographical distribution, who appear to embrace paradox in their ideological orientation. Practical implications – There were three practical implications for management and leadership development: the importance of integrating the concept of paradox into management and leadership development curricula; the provision of illustrative alternatives to western world leadership exemplars; and increased emphasis on global leadership as an emergent phenomenon with particular attention to the burgeoning internationalization of Chinese enterprise and its associated ideologies. Originality/value – The current leadership literature is dominated by western world exemplars. This paper offers an alternative view; one rich with the wisdom and classical traditions of the Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]