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Objective: This study explored the experiences, concerns and perceptions of hospital clinical staff returning to work after parental leave during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An exploratory mixed-methods study was performed. Eligible staff employed at a large metropolitan tertiary health service in Melbourne, Australia, completed an ethics-approved anonymous online cross-sectional survey and/or participated in an interview between February and June 2021. Results: Ninety-six staff completed a survey and four participated in an interview. Staff reported both positive and negative aspects of being on parental leave during the COVID-19 pandemic including disappointment their leave had not gone as planned; feeling isolated from family and friends; wanting greater communication from their health service; appreciating the increased opportunities for them and their partner to be at home and bond with their baby; and concerns about returning to work such as limited knowledge of COVID-19 workplace policies and potentially infecting their baby and family. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a unique impact on the parental leave and return to work experiences of hospital clinical staff. The findings suggest that staff would benefit from formal return to work policies and programs including regular contact with their manager while on parental leave and workplace reorientation on their return, especially during events such as a pandemic. What is known about the topic? Healthcare workers often experience additional challenges and stressors returning to work after parental leave compared to other workers. What does this paper add? The COVID-19 pandemic had a unique impact on the parental leave and return to work experiences of healthcare workers who reported positive and negative aspects including isolation, limited workplace communication and increased opportunities for bonding with their baby. What are the implications for practitioners? Appropriate organisational initiatives may alleviate staff distress and support their return to work and could include formal return to work programs, regular managerial contact and workplace reorientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early identification and treatment of chronic disease is associated with better clinical outcomes, lower costs, and reduced hospitalisation. Primary care is ideally placed to identify patients at risk of, or in the early stages of, chronic disease and to implement prevention and early intervention measures. This paper evaluates the implementation of a technological intervention called Future Health Today that integrates with general practice EMRs to (1) identify patients at-risk of, or with undiagnosed or untreated, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (2) provide guideline concordant recommendations for patient care. The evaluation aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to successful implementation. Methods: Future Health Today was implemented in 12 general practices in Victoria, Australia. Fifty-two interviews with 30 practice staff were undertaken between July 2020 and April 2021. Practice characteristics were collected directly from practices via survey. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive qualitative analysis strategies, using Clinical Performance - Feedback Intervention Theory (CP-FIT) for theoretical guidance. Results: Future Health Today was acceptable, user friendly and useful to general practice staff, and supported clinical performance improvement in the identification and management of chronic kidney disease. CP-FIT variables supporting use of FHT included the simplicity of design and delivery of actionable feedback via FHT, good fit within existing workflow, strong engagement with practices and positive attitudes toward FHT. Context variables provided the main barriers to use and were largely situated in the external context of practices (including pressures arising from the COVID-19 pandemic) and technical glitches impacting installation and early use. Participants primarily utilised the point of care prompt rather than the patient management dashboard due to its continued presence, and immediacy and relevance of the recommendations on the prompt, suggesting mechanisms of compatibility, complexity, actionability and credibility influenced use. Most practices continued using FHT after the evaluation phase was complete. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that FHT is a useful and acceptable software platform that provides direct support to general practice in identifying and managing patients with CKD. Further research is underway to explore the effectiveness of FHT, and to expand the conditions on the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexuality and relationship education (SRE) for trans young people is fraught with ongoing institutional and informational erasure, even as trans young people display considerable agency in navigating their SRE needs. This paper reports on a survey of 112 Australian trans young people, who shared their experiences of SRE (in terms of delivery and content), and their views on three story completion tasks where they were asked to respond to prompts about three fictional stories focused on trans young people (and for some their cisgender partners) and intimacy. Participants reported that SRE was delivered in class and focused on puberty and anatomy, although many participants accessed SRE information informally. Participants overwhelmingly reported the erasure of trans-specific SRE content and suggested that SRE content should include a trans focus. Responses to the story completion task emphasised the agency of the fictional trans young people in asserting their boundaries, deserving respect, being knowledgeable about their bodies and ensuring their safety. Fictional cisgender young people in the story completion tasks were expected to be respectful, and to be guided by trans people (but also to educate themselves). The paper concludes with recommendations for harnessing trans young people's agency in the context of SRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Integrated respiratory and palliative care services for people with advanced lung disease provide disease-orientated care until the end of life, alongside symptom management and discussions about future care. This study aimed to explore patient, caregiver and general practitioner perspectives of an integrated respiratory and palliative care service, to understand which components of the service were considered valued and effective. Methods: We approached patients, caregivers and general practitioners, to participate in semi-structured phone interviews. A grounded theory approach guided data collection and qualitative analysis. Results: Between July and December 2019, 10 patients, eight caregivers and five general practitioners completed interviews. The overarching theme was that of valuing integrated care – the provision of disease-orientated care along with palliative care. Four other major themes emerged: Valuing communication and engagement between patient, caregiver and healthcare professionals – who spoke of 'growing this plan together'; the delivery of person-centred care – where physicians 'actually listen and you are not treated like a number'; the reality of action plan use in serious illness – while many found plans 'certainly' do help, others described when they were simply 'too ill to do the action plan'; and finally, divergent preferences for discussions about future care – while some patients felt this subject was 'better left alone', caregivers consistently reported their preference was to 'make a plan.' Conclusion: Consumer perspectives highlight the service was valued for delivering personalised care with high communication standards. Similar services should appreciate the usefulness and limitations of action plan use in advanced lung disease, and be sensitive to potential diverging preferences of the patient and caregiver when discussing future care. What is known about the topic? Integrated respiratory and palliative care services for people with advanced lung disease may improve quality of life and decrease acute healthcare utilisation and cost. What does this paper add? This paper adds to our understanding of patients', caregivers' and general practitioners' perspectives of this integrated care model. Participants highly valued this integrated service for providing person-centred care. Participants outlined both the effectiveness and limitations of action plan use in advanced lung disease, and of diverging preferences between patients and caregivers for discussions about future care. What are the implications for practitioners? The integration of disease-orientated care along with the provision of palliative care is highly valued from a consumer perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stepped care as a model of provision of mental health services has been frequently described from clinical or health administration perspectives, but less is known about the consumer perspective of stepped models of care. Method: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 18 consumers across a range of residential mental health services in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews were designed to help understand consumers' needs and experiences in navigating different services to meet their needs at different times in their mental health journey. Results: Consumers experience fluctuations in their mental state that are best responded to by having access to a range of services, as well as to services that can respond flexibly to changing needs. Consumers do not necessarily progress through stepped care in a linear or step-up, step-down fashion. Conclusion: Stepped care services need to be flexible in accommodating people along a continuum of care and responsive to where the consumer is at on their journey, rather than predetermining the trajectory of care. What is known about the topic?: Stepped care has been identified as a critical component of comprehensive mental health care, bridging the gap between primary care and acute mental health services. The components of effective stepped care models have been broadly articulated, but the experience of moving through different components of care in response to changing needs has not previously been well described. What does the paper add?: This paper presents consumer perspectives on a model of stepped care that is designed to respond flexibly to the changing needs of consumers, rather than representing a linear model of progress through the system. What are the implications for practitioners?: Mental health services are increasingly grappling with provision of care to the 'missing middle': people with chronic mental illness yet not in an acute phase requiring in-patient hospital care. This paper presents a model of stepped care that responds to the fluctuating needs of consumers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Demonstration of impact" is now a key measure of research value. Within and beyond social work, researchers are looking for guidance on how to best demonstrate this. To provide an example, this paper reports on a case study of the impact of a collaborative project conducted by a university and an Aboriginal community organisation in regional Victoria, the aim of which was to promote community wellbeing. The paper presents the case study within the Australian Research Council's impact framework; it is also informed by the ethical research principles of the Lowitja Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research. Some of the challenges associated with documenting more complex and participatory forms of social research are highlighted, including identifying the primary research and differentiating knowledge translation from impact. IMPLICATIONS As a practice-based discipline social work is well placed to benefit from the new emphasis on research impact. There is a need for methods and frameworks to guide researchers to effectively capture impact. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethical principles for research are imperative for research impact in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of evidence and its use in a cluster of Australian community-based child development programs. The paper draws on findings from a 2016–2017 study commissioned by a not-for-profit organization to review their programs' alignment with government evidence-based program expectations. Cunningham and Duffee's (2009) evidence-based practice style typology is utilized to examine how different purposes of use drive styles of and approaches to evidence sourcing, application, and reporting. Perspectives on what constitutes evidence and how such evidence is valued, used, and reported can vary considerably between individual programs, irrespective of enforced standards and expectations. It is argued that a single-dimensional approach to program evidence-based evaluation and reporting is not appropriate and potentially damaging in contexts where community-based programs have different purposes, structures, cultures, and intentions. Given a program's particular evidence-use style, evidence-based criteria, processes, and reporting requirements should be matched accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how health service boards understand care quality for older people living in public sector residential aged care services. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with board members from six Victorian public health services responsible for the governance of 15 residential aged care services comprising over 850 beds. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results: Eleven board members were interviewed. While committed to their governance and monitoring role, analysis suggests board members have a limited understanding of the residential aged care environment. They rarely visit and the information they receive about residential aged care is primarily clinical data (quality indicators) as well as sub-committee and staff reports. In addition to quality indicator data and reports, accreditation and complaints are used to measure care quality. Conclusion: Board members vary in their understanding of care quality in residential aged care settings. The exclusive focus on clinical indicators and accreditation as measures of quality reinforces this understanding. Visiting residential aged care services would provide understanding of the care environment and context for the information they receive. The provision of other metrics, such as consumer advocacy reports and residents' and families' experiences of care, would further assist board members to monitor care quality in these settings. What is known about the topic? Recent high-profile reports into serious failings in Australian public sector residential aged care services (PSRACS) raise concerns about the capability of health service boards to ensure residents receive quality care. What does this paper add? Findings provide a description of the focused and limited information that board members in six public health services receive about PSRACS. What are the implications for practitioners? To assist boards to monitor the care quality in PSRACS, we recommend boards visit PSRACS to see first-hand the care environment and to listen to the views of staff, residents and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore clinicians' use and perceptions of interdisciplinary communication pathways for escalating care within the pre-medical emergency team (pre-MET) tier of rapid response systems. Method: A sequential mixed-methods study was conducted using observations and interviews. Participants were clinicians (nurses, allied health, doctors) caring for orthopaedic and general medicine patients at one hospital. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted. Results: Escalation practices were observed for 13 of 27 pre-MET events. Leading communication methods for escalating pre-MET events were alphanumeric pagers (61.5%) and in-person discussions (30.8%). Seven escalated pre-MET events led to bedside pre-MET reviews by doctors. Clinician interviews (n = 29) culminated in two themes: challenges in escalation of care, and navigating information gaps. Clinicians reported deficiencies in communication methods for escalating care that hindered interdisciplinary communication and clinical decision-making pertaining to pre-MET deterioration. Conclusion: Policy-defined escalation pathways were inconsistently utilised for pre-MET deterioration. Available communication methods for escalating pre-MET events inadequately fulfilled clinicians' needs. Variable perceptions of escalation pathways illuminated a lack of of a shared mental model about clinicians' roles and responsibilities. To optimise timely and appropriate management of patient deterioration, communication infrastructure and interdisciplinary collaboration must be enhanced. What is known about the topic? To promote earlier recognition of, and response to, deteriorating ward patients, Australian rapid response systems include a pre-medical emergency team (pre-MET) tier. Escalation pathways within the pre-MET tier are poorly understood. What does this paper add? Policy-defined escalation pathways were inconsistently utilised. Clinicians identified deficiencies in communication methods (e.g. alphanumeric pagers) for escalating pre-MET deterioration. Perceptions of escalation pathways illuminated a lack of of a shared mental model about clinicians' roles and responsibilities. What are the implications for practitioners? To optimise the management of pre-MET deterioration, ward-based communication infrastructure and interdisciplinary collaboration must be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) is not an uncommon procedure. Availability varies greatly between jurisdictions; however, additional institutional processes beyond legislation can also impact care and service delivery. This study serves to examine the role institutional processes can play in the delivery of TOP services, in a jurisdiction where TOP is lawful at all gestations (Victoria, Australia). As per the Abortion Law Reform Act 2008, TOPs post-24 weeks require the approval of two medical practitioners. However, in Victoria, hospitals that offer post-24 week TOPs generally require these cases to additionally go before a termination review committee for assessment prior to the service being provided. These committees are not stipulated in legislation. Information about these committees and how they operate is scarce and there is minimal information available to the public. Methods: To trace the history, function, and decision-making processes of these committees, we conducted a qualitative interview study. We interviewed 27 healthcare professionals involved with these committees. We used purposive sampling to gain perspectives from a range of professions across 10 hospitals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, identifying details removed and inductive thematic analysis was performed. Results: Here, we report the three main functions of the committees as described by participants. The functions were to protect: (1) outward appearances; (2) inward functionality; and/or, (3) service users. Function (1) could mean protecting the hospital's reputation, with the "Herald Sun test"—whether the TOP would be acceptable to readers of the Herald Sun, a tabloid newspaper—used as a heuristic. Function (2) related to logistics within the hospital and protecting the psychological wellbeing and personal reputation of healthcare professionals. The final function (3) related to ensuring patients received a high standard of care. Conclusions: The primary functions of these committees appear to be about protecting hospitals and clinicians within a context where these procedures are controversial and stigmatized. The results of this study provide further clarity on the processes involved in the provision of TOPs at later gestations from the perspectives of the healthcare professionals involved. Institutional processes beyond those required by legislation are put in place by hospitals. These findings highlight the additional challenges faced by patients and their providers when seeking TOP at later gestations. Plain language summary: Abortion can be difficult to access. In Victoria, Australia, under the law, abortion is allowed at any time during a pregnancy—although after you have been pregnant for more than 24 weeks, the approval of two doctors is required. However, hospitals in Victoria that offer late abortions require more than the approval of two doctors. Hospitals have put in place committees that review each case and make a decision about whether the hospital will provide the abortion. There is not a lot of information about these committees—we do not know exactly why they exist, what they are for, or how they work. To find out, we interviewed doctors and other healthcare professionals (like midwives) who were involved in these committees. In this paper, we report the reasons these people gave for why the committees exist and what they are for. There were three main reasons. The first purpose of the committee is so the hospital does not get criticised in newspapers or by other people outside the hospital for performing these late abortions. The second reason is to help and protect those inside the hospital. For example, having a committee means that the doctors do not have to make the decisions themselves. People also said that the committees think about how the staff are feeling. The third reason is so that the hospitals provide the best care they can, and that they can continue to provide late abortions in the future. With this study, we found out some more important information about these committees that we did not have before. What we found shows that it is not just the law that matters—other things can also affect whether you can get an abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conciliatory attitudes, respect for medical professionals and avoidance of being direct can make health consultations with Burma-born patients difficult to navigate. Coupled with linguistic barriers, this may make the sensitive nature of many women's health consultations challenging. Little is known about current practices for obtaining informed consent in this context. The objectives of this study were to explore current practices, barriers and strategies to obtaining informed consent in medical consultations with women born in Burma. Methods: Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit health practitioners (n = 15, 2 male, 13 female) of different ages, years of professional experience, and country of origin, from clinics in Victoria that see a high volume of Burma-born patients. Thirty to sixty minute semi-structured interviews were conducted with four general practitioners, eight nurses and three interpreters, and de-identified audio recordings were transcribed for inductive thematic analysis. Results: Five key themes were generated: (1) cultural cognisance; (2) influence of community; (3) skilful navigation of communication; (4) favourable consultation attributes; and (5) individual tailoring of consent conversations. Differing cultural expectations, and linguistic and educational barriers, were highlighted as challenges to obtaining informed consent, whereas thoughtful utilisation of non-verbal communication, and intentional customisation of consent conversations were identified as facilitators. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide practical ways to optimise the informed consent process within the Australian primary healthcare context, and reinforce that accepted Western-based practices for obtaining informed consent are not a 'one-size-fits-all' process. The increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of Australian society necessitates a better understanding of the practise of cross-cultural medicine. The findings from this study suggest that accepted Western culture-based practices for obtaining informed consent cannot be universally upheld as ideals. Practical insights from this paper help to inform Australian clinicians on how to optimise cross-cultural informed consent with women born in Burma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, like many high-income countries, food insecurity is associated with increased risks of chronic diseases, sub-optimal development outcomes in children, and mental health conditions including depression and anxiety. Food insecure households employ a range of strategies, including the use of food charity, to help alleviate hunger and meet cost of living pressures. The aim of this paper is to investigate the lived experience of food insecurity for welfare-dependent households, and to examine these experiences within a structural violence framework. Structural violence investigations seek to understand the distal causal factors that can help explain poor health patterns and inequities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with customers (n = 78) of food pantries, soup kitchens, and community development programs (June 2018 to January 2019) in the state of Victoria, Australia. Thematic analysis established evidence of controlling, demeaning and depriving practices in the interactions between the participants and the services and staff at national welfare providers and food charities. The same providers and charities nominally set up to address the exact situations in which participants found themselves. The findings of this study suggest that food and social services are an on-the-ground setting through which structural violence is enacted and experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Comfort as a conceptual and lived experience is essential in psychiatric hospital contexts and for overall mental health wellbeing.Comfort is a valuable aspect when designing hospitals and built environments for psychiatric care. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: This article presents the results from a Design Anthropology study at four Psychiatric Units co‐located in a newly built regional hospital based on 126 ethnographic interviews with staff, within which 63 participants mentioned the importance of comfort in generating environments conducive to wellbeing.An in‐depth qualitative understanding of comforting practices, as emergent forms of everyday care. These may receive less attention within more established interventions from organisational models of care (e.g., Safewards) and might appear to be implicit gestures of courtesy. However, they contribute to meaningful encounters and contribute to individual and organisational wellbeing in psychiatric care. What are the implications for practice: This paper builds on comfort theories and demonstrates implications for practice through ethnographic examples. Comfort, often unnoticed until it is absent, needs to be maintained through continuous "small" but intentional acts of care. These constitute a finely tuned repertoire of everyday comforting practices of care at psychiatric contexts.Corridors and doors are presented as spaces where people have brief interactions that can contribute to everyday comforting experiences.Comfort is discussed in dialogue with existing literatures from psychiatric nursing, healthcare building design and design anthropology. Implicit and improvised practices of care that foster comforting environments have vital potential to support institutionally endorsed models of care (e.g., Safewards).The article proposes that design has a dual role for comforting environments in psychiatric care; (a) through the practice of architectural design and (b) through the practices of staff when creating everyday comforting interactions for wellbeing. Introduction: Creating a comforting environment is essential for delivering psychiatric care. While healthcare organisations explicitly implement care models and adapt the physical environment, attention to staff's implicit everyday practice is limited. Aim: Developing a design anthropology approach tailored specifically to the research site, we examine the social and physical environment to unpack how staff integrate both—implicit comforting interventions, and the explicit measures taken by the organisation—into their everyday practices of psychiatric care. Method: Design and sensory ethnography, using extended observations and "walking tours" were undertaken with 126 staff members. A thematic analysis was conducted on all visual and audio material. Results: Staff's everyday implicit care practices and situated design decisions provide a comforting environment for patients, visitors and staff. Discussion: Implicit practices combine with an explicit organisational model of care to achieve a comforting environment. The value of design anthropology to uncover these dynamics is emphasized. Comforting practice involving implicit gestures of courtesy, which are infrequently addressed within organisational models of care (e.g., Safewards), are foregrounded. Implications for practice: Explicit models of care have clear value in generating comfort; however, psychiatric hospital care also benefits from less visible modes of delivering comfort through everyday practices. By acknowledging both explicit and implicit modes of comfort, we can better understand how care models and psychiatric cultures of care are nurtured. Continuous "small" but intentional acts of care (e.g., brief interactions in corridors and at doors) constitute a finely tuned repertoire of everyday comforting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a qualitative case study of postgraduate mental health nurses participating in a monthly facilitated action learning set (ALS) in order to support them while they transition from PGMHN to independent professional practice. The aim of the study was to determine what the impact of participating in an ALS would have on how they perceived clinical practice issues. The ALS comprised a small group of PGMHN supported by a facilitator in order to explore issues from clinical practice by using Socratic questions to challenge their thinking. Data were collected via a single focus group and a 20‐item survey. Focus group textual data were coded line by line, and codes were synthesized thematically. The major theme to emerge from the qualitative results was as follows: 'Learning from doing an action learning set'. Three subthemes were identified: Think outside the box: Developing Socratic questions; there's rarely one right way: Applying action learning to practice; and Not easy to implement: Action plans in action. A 20‐item evaluative survey indicated that ALS increased participant's confidence as a mental health nurse. Using critical questions increased participants' confidence to explore different perspectives when engaged in problem‐solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual revictimization can have a negative impact on many facets of women's wellbeing, yet limited evidence exists regarding specific interventions that support healing and the reduction of further revictimization. This paper will explore regional and rural women's experience of a group-based empowerment program, the Shark Cage program, in Victoria, Australia. The "Shark Cage" program aims to address revictimization by empowering women and girls to build personal boundaries and assertiveness within the context of gender equality and human rights. Data were collected via participant observations across the 8-week program, in combination with semi-structured interviews with participants (N = 11) pre and post intervention. All participants had access to therapeutic support outside of the program. Findings indicate that the program fostered connections among women with shared experiences of sexual revictimization, reducing feelings of isolation. Participants detailed the benefit of developing and practicing skills in reducing revictimization, such as assertiveness and boundary setting. Program learning and recovery was embedded within a network of embodied emotions, social connections, cultural norms and place-based relations that influenced how participants recovery could be understood, processed and addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children living in out‐of‐home care are at greater risk of poor educational outcomes compared to other children. To address their educational needs, several programs have been developed. Within a qualitative paradigm, this study explored the experiences of students about their involvement in TEACHaR (Transforming Educational Achievement for Children at Risk), a specialized education programme. Eight students (aged 13 to 18 years) from the programme participated in individual, semi‐structured interviews. Responses were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Participants indicated that the programme provided individualized and flexible academic support, reduced their shame and embarrassment and provided them with more than academic support. They highlighted the importance of the student–educator relationship, and the need for encouragement and motivation to pursue their educational goals. Finally, findings report on how COVID‐19 impacts on student experiences of the programme. Recommendations for the development and improvement of education programs for students in out‐of‐home care conclude this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden illness or hospitalisation can exacerbate financial hardship. This paper explores the impact of an Australian hospital-based pilot program designed to remove barriers to government-funded income support for vulnerable patients. Interviews with patients (n = 9) and hospital social workers (n = 13) described the participant experience. Patients identified that the service was convenient, provided relevant information, clarified eligibility, simplified application processes, and reduced stress. Social workers reported that the service saved time, increased access to income support, and facilitated timely discharges where financial barriers existed. We suggest that health and social services partnerships have a potential to improve patient outcomes and service efficiency. IMPLICATIONS A 12-month pilot partnership program between social work staff at Western Health and the Centrelink Community Engagement Officer (CEO) indicated improved access to income support for patients and reported savings in social work staff and patient time. Further research is needed to explore the potential for partnerships between health and social care to deliver integrated psychosocial care to vulnerable patients in hospital, improve patient outcomes, and increase the efficiency of hospital services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International literature suggests that many young people transitioning from government care become parents before age 21, characteristically termed 'early parenting', at least in the English-speaking world. Yet there is only limited knowledge of the factors that lead to this challenging responsibility. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of service providers' experiences working with young people transitioning from care who had become parents, in the state of Victoria, Australia. Victorian service providers recommended ways that current out-of-home care, transition from care and parenting services could be improved to reduce feelings of loss, including new service approaches that prioritise relationship-based practice, holistic support and practical assistance from a trusted person or service. Preventing feelings of loss and isolation and increasing supportive relationships in care and throughout transitions from care may help to prevent early pregnancy and parenting amongst care leavers who otherwise lack resources for parenting independently. Providing parenting support which addresses feelings of loss and social isolation may reduce the increasing numbers of children being placed in care, and associated ongoing cycles of child protection involvement with disadvantaged families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper explores the personal, social and structural factors that influence patients' experiences of acute deterioration and medical emergency team (MET) encounter. Background: Patient experience is recognized as a means of assessing healthcare delivery with a positive experience being linked to high‐quality healthcare, improved patient safety and reduced length of stay. The experience of acute deterioration is unique, extensive and complex. However, little is known about this experience from the patient's perspective. Design: Constructivist grounded theory, informed by Kathy Charmaz, was used to explore the personal, social and structural factors that influence patients' experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter. Methods: Using a semi‐structured interview guide, in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with 27 patients from three healthcare services in Victoria, Australia. Data were collected over a 12‐month period from 2018 to 2019. Interview data were analysed using grounded theory processes. Findings Contextual factors exert a powerful influence on patients' experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter. The most significant factors identified include patients' expectations and illness perception, relationship with healthcare professionals during MET call and past experiences of acute illness. The expectations and perceptions patients had about their disease can condition their overall experience. Healthcare professional–patient interactions can significantly impact quality of care, patient experience and recovery. Patients' experiences of illness and healthcare can impact a person's future health‐seeking behaviour and health status. Conclusion: Patients' actions and processes about their experiences of acute deterioration and MET encounter are the result of the complex interface of contextual factors. Impact The findings from this study have highlighted the need for revised protocols for screening and management of patients who experience acute deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates mothers' views regarding the purpose of shared reading with their two-year-old children, confidence in using printed and electronic texts, and selfreported practice, framed around a focus on mothers' motivation to engage in shared reading with their children. Research into adult--child shared reading experiences has traditionally focused on early reading behaviours and talk patterns captured in video data, reporting on the literacy or cognitive benefits of these experiences as viewed by researchers. Parent contributions have typically been sought to provide background information such as parent education, frequency of home reading and socio-economic factors. There is limited research that invites parents' voices. Findings from this study have been drawn from quantitative and qualitative data, collected from questionnaires and individual interviews with 12 reading-proficient mothers of two-year-old children in Victoria, Australia. Findings show that mothers acknowledged the educational affordances of shared reading, and the love of reading that the practice invites. Self-reported practices and confidence levels showed a strong preference for using printed picture storybooks as part of a bedtime routine, and that access to electronic texts does not necessarily equate to the same guided engagement with electronic texts as with printed texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advocacy has received less attention in social work research than other aspects of social work practice. This paper draws attention to two tensions in social work advocacy; between worker-led advocacy and person-led advocacy, and between individual advocacy and system level advocacy. We argue that human-rights-based social workers must choose a person-led approach over a worker-led approach while advocating with both systems and individuals. This argument is made by drawing on findings of an evaluation of Independent Mental Health Advocacy (IMHA) in Victoria, Australia. It is shown that social work training had not prepared social workers for rights-based, person-led advocacy and that social workers in public mental health services were struggling to maintain the rights of people in their services even with assistance from IMHA. IMPLICATIONS Independent Mental Health Advocacy (IMHA) is a model of advocacy influenced by social work theory and delivered in part by social-work-trained advocates. Social work training is not preparing social workers for person-led, human-rights-based advocacy. Public mental health social workers are struggling to maintain the rights of people in mental health services even with the support of external advocacy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study gathered information from public hospital chief medical officers to better understand underlying mechanisms through which public reporting affects institutional behavioural change and decision making towards quality improvement. Methods: This qualitative study used thematic analysis of 17 semistructured, in-depth interviews among a peak group of medical directors representing 26 health services in Victoria, Australia. Results: The medical directors indicated a high level of in-principle support for public reporting of identifiable, individual clinician-level data. However, they also described varying conceptual understanding of what public reporting of performance data is. Overall, they considered public reporting of individual clinicians' performance data a means to improve health care quality, increase transparency and inform consumer healthcare decision making. Most identified caveats that would need to be met before such data should be publicly released, in particular the need to resolve issues around data quality and timeliness, context and interpretation and ethics. Acknowledgement of the public's right to access individual clinician-level data was at odds with some medical directors' belief that such reporting may diminish trust between clinicians and their employers, thus eroding rather than motivating quality improvement. Conclusions: Public reporting of identifiable individual healthcare clinicians' performance data is an issue that merits robust research and debate given the effects such reporting may have on doctors and on hospital quality and safety. What is known about the topic?: The public reporting of individual clinician-level data is a mechanism used in some countries, but not in Australia, for increasing health care transparency and quality. Clinician-level public reporting of doctors' performance attracts contention and debate in Australia. What does this paper add?: This paper informs debate around the public reporting of individual clinician-level performance data. Among a discrete cohort of senior hospital administrators in Victoria, Australia, there was strong in-principle support for such public reporting as a means to improve hospital quality and safety. What are the implications for practitioners?: Before public reporting of individual clinician performance data could occur in Australia, resolution of issues would be required relating to legality and ethics, data context and interpretation, data quality and timeliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The RUBY randomised controlled trial was found to be effective in promoting breastfeeding continuation, in the setting of a high income country, through a program of proactive telephone-based peer support in the first 6 months postpartum. This paper explores women's experiences of receiving the peer support intervention in the RUBY trial. Methods: Ten in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted between December 2015 and November 2016 in Metropolitan Melbourne, and regional Victoria, Australia. Participants were women who received the peer support intervention in the RUBY trial and were between 11 and 15 months postpartum at the time of interview. Interviews were underpinned by social support theories and were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: A global theme of 'non-judgemental support and guidance' was identified, which included five organising themes. Four of the organising themes centred on the support from the peer, in which women felt the support was a 'positive experience with empathy and understanding', 'non-judgemental', 'practical advice', and a 'social connection that was more than just breastfeeding'. In contrast to the support from peers was the theme 'not all support from family and friends is supportive'. Conclusion: Participants, including those who considered that they had adequate and available family and friend support for breastfeeding, valued and appreciated the non-judgemental, empathetic and understanding support from peers. This support, facilitated by the anonymity of the telephone-based program, allowed open and honest conversations, normalising women's experiences and helping them feel less alone in their challenges with breastfeeding and transition to motherhood. These findings can inform the design, and upscaling, of innovative and sustainable peer support models, ensuring delivery of effective and engaging support with a broad population reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Take-home naloxone (THN) is provided to non-medically trained people to reverse potential opioid overdoses. There is an increasing range of effective intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) naloxone devices and this paper explores the types preferred by people who use opioids, using consumer behaviour literature to interpret the findings. Data derive from two unconnected qualitative studies involving audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Study 1 was conducted in the United States (n = 21 users of non-medical/illicit opioids). Study 2 was conducted in Australia (n = 42 users of non-medical/illicit or prescribed opioids). Most participants preferred IN naloxone. Preferences were based on the ease, speed, safety and comfort of each device and underpinned by accounts of overdose revivals as being very rushed and frightening situations. Preferences related to complex interactions between the naloxone device ('product'); the knowledge, skills, experience and attitudes of the lay responder ('consumer'), and when, where and how naloxone was to be used ('usage situation'). THN programs should offer choice of device when possible and nasal naloxone if resources permit. Asking people which devices they prefer and why and treating them as valued consumers of naloxone products can generate insights that improve future naloxone technology and increase THN uptake and usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author explores how children with impairments can act as self-monitoring, autonomous individuals in their play in a community playground. In addition, the notion of children with impairments as creative agents in their play is examined. The evidence presented in this paper is derived from the views and perspectives of children with impairments as playground users, and was collected from the children’s photographic scrapbooks and the researcher’s own observations of children’s play in a naturalistic playground setting. The theoretical perspective for this paper draws on the emerging ‘social model of childhood disability’ and provides scope to attempt to understand the culturally constructed play-worlds of children with impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With the increased attention and demand on community‐based palliative and end‐of‐life (EOL) care services comes the question of how to ensure their sustainability. Sustainability has three key attributes: acceptability, affordability and adaptability. Having established the acceptability and affordability of the community‐based service, this paper focussed on adaptability, as the remaining issue affecting long‐term sustainability. The aim of this study was to identify components of the palliative and EOL service which require adaptability to ensure long‐term sustainability for the service. A mixed methods approach was used for this study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family members. Semi‐structured focus groups and interviews were held with health professionals. Patient data were included to describe frequency and nature of contacts. The results were analysed using descriptive analysis. The setting was a rural town in Victoria, Australia. Nine family members were interviewed, and 16 health professionals were interviewed or took part in a focus group. Patient data included 121 participants. Four themes were identified: the uniqueness of the patient, workforce issues, collaboration between services and symptom and pain management. All themes indicated that the palliative and EOL service faces challenges which may threaten the sustainability of the service and require adaptability. Families regard palliative and EOL care as special and valued, and appreciate the endeavour, care and support taken to assist their loved one to die with dignity regardless of the location and setting. With sufficient attention paid to the adaptability of the service, community palliative and EOL care service can become more sustainable, thus offering choice and dignity for people approaching the end of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the preliminary results of a one and a half-year ethnographic study conducted in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The research focused on participants' experiences of their bodies in the context of yoga as a health practice—specifically how they conceptualised their musculoskeletal bodies in this practice through ideas of systems, fragments, and materiality. It argues that participants' larger narratives about health and healthy bodies inform how yoga as a health practice is embedded in discourses of body work where yoga, health, and particular notions of bodily-ness become a project for the transformation of the self into a particular idea of what a body is or should be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether involvement in an observational study may prompt participants to change their exercise behaviors. Data were collected from 394 older community dwellers in Victoria, Australia using a baseline survey, and 245 of these participated in a follow-up survey one year later. Survey domains were drawn from constructs of relevant health behavior models. Results showed that the proportion of respondents who were currently participating in exercises to prevent falls at follow-up was 12% higher than at baseline (Wilcoxon p value < .001). Twenty-nine percent reported they had changed their perceptions about falls and their risk of falls, with comments focused on threat appraisal. Forty-four percent reported having taken strategies to reduce their risk of falling, with comments based on implementation of different preventive strategies. Respondents who held favorable views toward exercises for the prevention of falls appear to change their behaviors that might address falls when participating in observational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of older people in the population is increasing faster than for any other age group. This population growth, while positive, is associated with increasing incidence of chronic and progressive diseases such as dementia. This requires older people to navigate services that may not be designed to meet their needs. This issue can be further amplified in culturally and linguistically diverse populations who often have limited English language proficiency and limited knowledge of diseases such as dementia. Health literacy, a person's ability to access, understand, appraise and apply information about their health and health care, including navigating health services, is low among older people and even lower among older people born overseas. This paper describes findings from a recent research study which developed and used the Cultural Exchange Model. The model is based on a process of collaboration, whereby researchers, service providers and community members work together to build evidence about a particular topic, in this case dementia. The study demonstrated that the Cultural Exchange Model facilitates opportunities for researchers, health professionals, community workers and carers to improve their knowledge of conditions such as dementia and rapidly translate evidence into practice. It also showed that it is possible to recruit, engage and generate new knowledge within populations that are traditionally excluded from research but have high prevalence of dementia. This study shows health literacy is an evolving process. Access to ongoing education for professionals, not only of the clinical condition and the service system, but also the cultural elements of the communities they are working with, requires consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies show that long-term poor mental health outcomes for disaster-affected people are predicted by postdisaster stressors. Despite this finding, existing recovery frameworks vary in how these stressors are conceptualised. This paper examines community members' subjective perceptions of what they found problematic and useful in their recoveries after the Australian 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, and considers them in the light of these frameworks. We report the findings from responses to semi-structured survey questions as part of the Beyond Bushfires study, 3–4 years after these bushfires (n = 811). Participants identified the biggest problems as managing rebuilding processes and managing their own mental health, memories of the Black Saturday fires, and their concerns for family members. The four most useful supports were family, friends, rebuilding resources, and their community. We found a complex interplay of the same factors operating as both stressors and supports, particularly in relation to family levels of coping. Disaster recovery efforts require the simultaneous management of physical rebuilding and human processes. Families, friends, and neighbours are underestimated resources in postdisaster recovery. Given the complex interplay of the same factors operating as both stressors and supports, interventions are needed that maximise the positive dimensions of these factors. To manage this complexity, multiple frameworks are needed to guide disaster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community arts and health programs are recognized as powerful contributors to mental health and wellbeing, reducing social isolation and strengthening community connection. They attract individuals with diverse lived experience and are invaluable learning environments for consumers and undergraduate mental health nursing students. This paper reports on the evaluation of StARTalking, a community arts and health program in Melbourne, Australia. The study aimed to better understand the consumer and student experience participating in the program. The themes, Finding connection/Taking time out, clearly indicate that embedding arts and health in mental health nursing education supports consumer and student learning, health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Victorian Aboriginal Spectacles Subsidy Scheme (VASSS) aimed to improve access to visual aids and eye care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Victorians. The VASSS started in July 2010 and has operated continually since. In 2016, we explored the collaborations, planning, adaptations and performance of the VASSS over the first 6 years by reviewing and analysing service data, as well as data from semistructured interviews, focus groups and surveys. An estimated 10 853 VASSS cofunded visual aids were delivered over 6 years, and the mean annual number of comprehensive eye examinations provided within services using VASSS grew 4.6-fold faster compared with the 4 years preceding the VASSS. We estimate that 16% and 19% of recipients presented with distance and near vision impairments respectively, all of which were corrected with visual aids. VASSS achievements were attained through collaborations, flexibility, trust and communication between organisations, all facilitated by funding resulting from evidence-based advocacy. Access to visual aids and eye examinations by Aboriginal Victorians has improved during the operation of the VASSS, with associated direct and indirect benefits to Aboriginal health, productivity and quality of life. The success of the VASSS may be replicable in other jurisdictions and provides lessons that may be applicable in other fields. What is known about the topic?: The 2009 National Indigenous Eye Health Survey estimated that the age-adjusted prevalence of vision impairment was 2.8-fold higher and the prevalence of blindness 6.2-fold higher among adult Aboriginal Australians compared with non-Aboriginal Australians, predominantly due to uncorrected refractive error and cataract. What does this paper add?: Implemented in 2010, the Victorian Aboriginal Spectacles Subsidy Scheme (VASSS) has been supported, designed and well received by stakeholders and, critically, the Aboriginal community. The VASSS has successfully improved access to comprehensive eye examinations and high-quality affordable visual aids (principally spectacles, with cost certainty). What are the implications for practitioners?: The VASSS demonstrates the power of collaborative partnerships and the potential for solutions targeted at specific components of a system to generate wider benefits, including the reduction of the prevalence and burden of vision impairment by correcting refractive error, managing vision-threatening eye disease and increasing awareness of eye health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time of increasing diversity in family forms and family practices the evening family meal is promoted as an imperative; a straightforward solution to complex social problems such as childhood obesity, family breakdown and depression. In this paper we discuss the challenges faced by families in achieving this imperative on an everyday basis drawing on visual data generated by children from a qualitative research project with 50 diverse families in Victoria, Australia. We demonstrate the complex and messy realities of everyday family food consumption which is shaped by social structures such as gender, work and care interacting with micro level elements such as food preferences and child agency. We argue the family meals imperative is a biopedagogy that should be decentred. We suggest that recognising and supporting diverse modes of family interaction and belonging beyond the shared table may be a more fruitful strategy for promoting public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large number of international medical graduates (IMGs) working in Australia, and many other countries around the world, has received significant attention from the media, governments and academia. These institutions utilise a number of classificatory schemes in order to categorise IMGs. Such classification is often stigmatising, yet goes largely unquestioned. In this paper I show that the 'official naming' of IMGs in Australia, as well as the naming of IMGs by staff in hospitals, is historically, politically and socially produced. Following Bourdieu's call to also study how the classified classify, the paper goes on to examine ways in which IMGs name and categorise each other, drawing on ethnographic research. I argue that IMGs use classification themselves, strategically, in order to modify their marginalised position within the 'social space' of the hospital. The article questions taken-for-granted assumptions about classified groups such as IMGs and leaves an opening for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health promotion professionals often work with community organisations and voluntary associations, including churches and church-affiliated organisations, to reduce health inequities within communities. How voluntary and church-affiliated organisations form intersectoral relationships and partnerships, and the challenges they face in doing so, has been well researched. However, there is a need to investigate further the extent to which local churches collaborate or form partnerships with other actors, such as government, peak bodies and welfare organisations. This paper reports a Victorian-based mapping exercise of partnerships and funding involving document analysis of the annual reports from 126 organisations and 35 interviews conducted with church-affiliated organisations and local churches. The discussion begins with the exploration of the nature of, and the reason why churches partner with other sectors. The paper also examines funding sources and partnership pathways that churches access to undertake the activities and programs they conduct. Interview themes highlight the value to churches of the sharing of expertise and resources, the provision of support to communities, a shared ethos of social justice and the empowerment of vulnerable populations. The findings about the extent to which local churches are involved in partnerships across society, and the extent of public and private funds they draw on to provide resources and assistance to local communities, indicate that churches are now a key player not just in welfare provision but also in health promotion activities. The findings contribute to the understanding of church activities in relation to health promotion and will assist organisations who may be potential partners to consider their collaborative efforts in the health promotion field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand primary health care (PHC) access barriers for vulnerable people living in south-east Melbourne from the perspective of general practitioners (GPs) who work in the area and to outline strategies that GPs have used to address these barriers. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative surveys were conducted with practice managers and GPs, and semistructured qualitative interviews were undertaken with GPs. Data were analysed using a thematic framework approach. Results: Each of the vulnerable groups frequently seen by GPs in south-east Melbourne is thought to encounter access barriers in one or more access domains. GPs reported: (1) improving transparency, outreach and information on available treatments to address limited health literacy; (2) using culturally sensitive and language-speaking staff to overcome cultural stereotypes; (3) making practice-level arrangements to overcome limited mobility and social isolation; (4) bulk billing and helping find affordable services to overcome financial hardship; and (5) building trusting relationships with vulnerable patients to improve their engagement with treatment. Conclusion: GPs understand the nature of access barriers for local vulnerable groups and have the potential to improve equitable access to primary health care. GPs need support in the on-going application and further development of strategies to accommodate access needs of vulnerable patients. What is known about the topic?: Access to primary health care (PHC) is integral to reducing gaps in health outcomes for vulnerable groups. Vulnerable groups often encounter challenges in accessing PHC, and GPs have the potential to improve PHC access. What does this paper add?: GPs thought that the vulnerable patients they frequently treat encounter barriers pertaining to both patient access abilities and service accessibility. They reported addressing these barriers by improving transparency, outreach and information on available treatments; using culturally sensitive and multilingual staff; making practice-level arrangements to overcome limited mobility and social isolation; bulk billing and helping find affordable services; and building trusting relationships with vulnerable patients. What are the implications for practitioners?: Understanding the nature of access barriers for local vulnerable groups and information on strategies used by GPs allows for the further development of PHC access strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper explores the experience of staff employed within forensic disability across Victoria in an attempt to better understand service needs in this field. The complex needs of individuals with disabilities involved in the criminal justice system or presenting with offence‐related behaviours suggest that there is a requirement to improve services directed towards forensic disability. Methods: Four semi‐structured group interviews, determined by geographical location, were completed with employees (n = 14) within the Australian Community Support Organisation, with an average of 5 years of forensic disability experience. Data were analysed based on thematic analysis. Results: Five themes were revealed. Three pre‐existing themes were emphasized that included client complexity; poor responses from external services; and funding, and two novel themes labelled as staff well‐being and responses to risk. Conclusions: Recommendations include multiagency collaboration, funding forensic disability services, development of best practice initiatives and advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the significance of how staff in residential aged care facilities interpret the non-verbal communication and behaviour of residents vis-a-vis their assessments of residents' preferences and ability to participate in decision-making. It highlights the risks associated with staff members' failure to interpret residents' non-verbal communication and behaviour with reference to residents' backgrounds and prior experiences. It also considers how non-verbal communication implemented by staff may impact residents' emotional state and, as a consequence, decision-making abilities. Drawing on interview data with aged care staff from Queensland and Victoria, it demonstrates that care staff in residential facilities appear to rely heavily on non-verbal signals in assessing the decision-making capacity and preferences of residents with dementia. It also indicates that many staff fail to consider residents' non-verbal communication and behaviour with due consideration of residents' individual histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of a novel, integrated general practitioner (GP)–paediatrician model of care, aiming to reduce referrals to hospitals and improve primary care quality. Methods: A pre-post study was conducted with five general practice clinics in north-west Melbourne. Over 12 months, 49 GPs and 896 families participated in the intervention that included weekly to fortnightly paediatrician–GP co-consultation sessions at the general practice, monthly case discussions and telephone or email clinical support for GPs. GPs and families completed surveys or interviews at three time points (before the intervention, after running the model for 4 months and at the end of the implementation). Non-identifiable consultation data were extracted from general practice medical records. Results: All GPs found the model acceptable. Although not significant, there was a trend towards a lower proportion of referrals to private paediatricians after the intervention (from 34% to 20%) and emergency departments (from 19% to 12%). Outpatient clinic referrals remained steady, and then increased as the paediatrician left the clinics (31% vs 47% before and after the intervention respectively). Unnecessary prescribing of acid suppression medications decreased by 20% (from 29% to 9%). GPs reported improved confidence in paediatric care (88% vs 100% before and after the intervention respectively). Families reported increased confidence in GP care (78% vs 94% before and after the intervention respectively). Model cost estimates were A$172 above usual care per child seen in the co-consultations. Conclusions: This novel model of care is acceptable to GPs and families and may improve access and quality of paediatric care. What is known about the topic?: A GP–paediatrician integrated model of care appears effective in reducing hospital burden in England, but has not been implemented in Australia. What does this paper add?: This pilot, an Australian first, found that a GP–paediatrician integrated model of care is feasible and acceptable in Australia's primary healthcare system, improves GP confidence and quality of paediatric care, may reduce paediatric referrals to outpatient clinics and emergency departments and improves family confidence in, and preference for, GP care. What are the implications for practitioners?: This model may reduce hospital burden and improve quality in GP paediatric care while potentially producing cost savings for families and the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for all people with disability to have access to reliable information before they can make informed choices in individualised funding programmes is well documented. However, little guidance exists on how information can be provided to ensure it reaches its target audience. While information provision is important everywhere, there is a pressing need in the Australian context to ensure all people have access to information as the National Disability Insurance Scheme is designed and introduced. The authors identified key principles of information provision documented in the literature and used these to analyse their data from Australian studies of individualised funding programmes. The data came from 143 transcripts and records of interview in five studies conducted from 2011 to 2013. The analysis confirmed the importance of the principles previously documented and identified two additional principles, these being related to gender and ‘hard to reach’ groups. This analysis informs a new framework to increase equity and improve people’s access to information in individualised funding programmes. Information needs to be: (i) accessible and diverse in format, mode, source and location; (ii) personalised and targeted; (iii) accurate, consistent and timely; (iv) from a trusted source; (v) independent; (vi) culturally appropriate; (vii) actively promoted to ‘hard to reach’ groups and (viii) gender appropriate. This paper provides a new framework to guide information in individualised funding programmes for professionals in roles ranging from policy makers to service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim One of the factors known to contribute to a 'good life' following an acquired disability is making connections with others, often achieved through participation in activities outside the home. The majority of outcomes research following SCI has focussed on impairments and activity limitations with less emphasis on participation. This paper reports part of a larger study that explored the experience and meaning of social and community participation following SCI. The research question guiding the part of the study reported in this paper was: What are the facilitators and barriers to social and community participation following acquired SCI? Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 adults with traumatically acquired spinal cord injury living in the community. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three main themes and 11 subthemes were identified. The main themes were: Resources and environmental accessibility impact social participation; other people influence community engagement; health issues affect social participation. Adequate financial resources and social support (from friends and family, and from peer mentors) were found to assist social participation, while the physical environment, unsupportive social attitudes and mental health issues were identified as barriers to community participation. Conclusions This study contributes to the evidence base regarding outcomes following SCI. Enabling engagement in meaningful activities in the community must be at the forefront of occupational therapy intervention, both at an individual client level and through advocacy and policy involvement, to improve the quality of life of people with SCI living in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings from an Australian study in which forty-one people, who self-identified as having a psycho-social disability as a result of mental health problems, spoke about their priorities for treatment, care and support within a personalised funding context. The research enabled an improved understanding of the choices about support that people with psycho-social disabilities would make if offered individualised funding packages. Participants prioritised specific supports to improve their health, financial situation, social connection, housing and personal relationships. A relationship with a support worker with a range of skills was identified as a key facilitator of these life goals, but people with psycho-social disabilities also valued opportunities to have discretionary funds to directly address the major problems they face, including stigma, discrimination and poverty. The paper argues that social workers can potentially fill a range of roles and are well placed to work in partnership with people with psycho-social disabilities. Particularly, they have skills in co-production of services, negotiation and advocacy that are required if individual funding is to be maximised for user control, social justice and personal recovery outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The factors informing decisions to fund health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are unclear. This study's objective aimed to describe decision-makers' perspectives on factors informing decisions to fund health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 participants experienced in making funding decisions at organisational, state, territory and national levels. Decision-makers were from New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria and Western Australia. Transcripts were analysed thematically following the principles of grounded theory. Results: We identified five themes, each with subthemes. First, prioritising engagement for authentic partnerships (opportunities to build relationships and mutual understanding, co-design and co-evaluation for implementation). Second, valuing participant experiences to secure receptiveness (cultivating culturally safe environments to facilitate acceptability, empowering for self-determination and sustainability, strengthening connectedness and collaboration for holistic care, restoring confidence and generational trust through long-term commitments). Third, comprehensive approaches to promote health and wellbeing (linking impacts to developmental milestones, maintaining access to health care, broadening conceptualisations of child health). Fourth, threats to optimal service delivery (fractured and outdated technology systems amplify data access difficulties, failure to 'truly listen' fuelling redundant policy, rigid funding models undermining innovation). Fifth, navigating political and ideological hurdles to advance community priorities (negotiating politicians' willingness to support community-driven objectives, pressure to satisfy economic and policy considerations, countering entrenched hesitancy to community-controlled governance). Conclusion: Decision-makers viewed participation, engagement, trust, empowerment and community acceptance as important indicators of service performance. This study highlights factors that influence decisions to fund health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Making decisions to fund health services requires evidence that decision-makers consider relevant. This study identifies and defines factors of health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children that influence funding decisions from the perspectives of decision-makers. Knowing the factors that decision-makers find useful when making decisions to fund health services can inform the types of measures that health services include in reports used to support applications for funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the benefits and challenges of a recently introduced Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing workforce from the perspective of Nurses and Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing, in a major metropolitan hospital in Australia in 2020. Design: A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken using individual interviews and focus groups. Methods: Purposively selected employed Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing and nurses who worked with them were interviewed, using a semi‐structured format. Recordings were transcribed and coded using NVivo software. Reflexive thematic analysis using an inductive approach was undertaken. Results: Four major themes were revealed: (i) Navigating the programme, (ii) Belonging and integration; (iii) Patient care; and (iv) Continuing Development. Initial challenges were common, often related to clarifying the scope of practice for the new role. Ongoing issues were associated with gaps in understanding the role and lack of integration into the team. Mostly, nurses and Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing built positive, professional relationships. Nurses valued the Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing knowledge and skill level, reporting improved workload and work experiences when the Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing was on shift. Nurses believed that the Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing enhanced patient care. Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing described positive, therapeutic relationships with patients. Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing employment provided opportunities for new learning, leading to increased efficiency and confidence on clinical placement. Conclusions: This employment model benefited the Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing and nurses who worked with them. In the absence of adequate training and support, challenges remained unresolved and negatively impacted the experience for nurses. In addition to university‐level education and clinical placement, the employment model can create a third space for student learning via on‐the‐job training. The study supports the ongoing employment of student nurses through the Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing model. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Impact: This study contributes to the very small body of literature investigating Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing workforces in Australian hospitals. It is the first to explore the experiences of both nurses and students working together in a major metropolitan setting and also the first in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.This study reflected a mostly positive experience for Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing and the nurses who worked with them and highlighted the importance of adequate oversight and support in the implementation and maintenance of a Registered Undergraduate Student of Nursing workforce.Employed Registered Undergraduate Students of Nursing reported improved confidence, skills, and felt like they started clinical placement at an advantage, ready to step up and learn the Registered Nurse scope of practice.In addition to university‐level education and clinical placement, this employment model creates a third space for learning via on‐the‐job training. Reporting Method: COREQ guidelines were followed in the reporting of this study. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Australian Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores how distinctions between 'intended' and 'side' effects are troubled in personal narratives of taking psychotropic medications. Grounded in interviews with 29 participants diagnosed with mental illness in Victoria, Australia between February and December 2014, we consider how people interpret pharmaceutical compounds beyond their desired or intended effects, and how such effects shape and transform subjectivity and their relationship with their bodies. This paper contributes to recent discussions of mental illness and medication effects, informed by feminist science studies. It emphasises the co-constitution of social, affective and material relations in the context of 'taking' psychotropic medication. This paper discusses three key themes as important to the phenomenology of the nexus of illness and psychotropic medication: movement, ambivalence, and sociality. Our analysis demonstrates how psychotropic drugs are productive of subjectivity through their promises and potential, their unexpected harms and the institutions from which they are inseparable. • Analyses accounts of mental illness using feminist science and technology studies. • Focus on experiences of taking psychotropic drugs and impact on subjectivity. • Moves beyond distinctions between 'therapeutic' and 'side' effects of drugs. • Unique contribution to understandings of experiences of taking psychotropic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of children from out-of-home care is uncommon in Australia and rarely occurs in the state of Victoria. This paper reports on how professionals involved in making decisions about the permanent placement of children explain the current rates of adoption from out-of-home care in Victoria. Interviews were conducted with eight child welfare specialists, eight adoption and permanent care specialists and five judicial officers. The current low rates of adoption were attributed to the effect of current legislation, the impact of past adoption practices and the establishment of a culture in Victoria in which adoption is now rarely considered an option for children in out-of-home care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the role of women in fishing industry organisations and communities in promoting best-practice health behaviours among fishers in Australia. Design This paper reports aspects of research that examined how the fishing industry can best support physical health and mental well-being of fishers. The study employed a mixed-methods, multisite case study approach. Data were gathered from face-to-face and phone interactions. Setting Two sites in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Participants Thirty-one male fishers, including commercial licence owners, skippers, deckhands, three female family members, three fishing association representatives, one local government representative, two health care providers, and three regional health planning and funding bodies. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Not applicable. Results Often unrecognised, women associated with the fishing industry are integral to the promotion of good health for fishers. They are key to identifying health issues (particularly mental health issues) and proposing community-based health and well-being strategies. They often do so by incorporating health information and activities into 'soft entry points' - informal, non-health service mechanisms by which fishers can access health information and health services. Conclusions While not working at the industry coalface, women have a stake, and are key players, in the commercial fishing industry. Their knowledge of, and credibility within, fishing enterprises makes them valuable sources of information about health issues facing the industry and effective strategies to address them. This expertise should be applied in conjunction with industry associations and health providers to achieve better health outcomes for fishers and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: We report on a qualitative study of community nurse encounters with early relational trauma in parent-infant dyads. Background: Early relational trauma involves interactional or emotional disturbance in the parent-infant dyad. Earliest possible detection is needed to mitigate negative impacts on socio-emotional development, but early relational trauma is often challenging for practitioners to detect and respond to. Study design and methods: Maternal and Child Health nurses in Victoria, Australia received workforce training to address this. We interviewed 20 nurses both before and after they received specialist training, to understand their lived experiences in encountering client trauma and perceived changes to their professional confidence and competence post-training. The study comprised two areas of enquiry: i) a phenomenological analysis of nurses' lived experiences in encountering possible trauma; and ii) a grounded theoretical analysis of the context of trauma encounters at baseline, and perceived change in competence at follow-up. Results: Nurses who coped well when working with trauma maintained a level of emotional distance and were able to draw on a repertoire of well-established practice skills. The specialist workforce training resulted in clear gains in nurses' confidence and capacity to identify and respond to early relational trauma. Implications: Findings highlight a need for frontline services to provide specialist training and supervision in relational trauma and to cultivate cultures of communication and support. Such programs would optimally be deployed widely, to equip professionals with enhanced knowledge and confidence to create timely change in the face of early relational trauma. What is already known about this topic? * Effective recognition of early relational trauma is critical to enable relational repair. * Frontline health services are well placed to achieve timely identification of early relational trauma, but it can be challenging for practitioners to detect and respond to the signs of early trauma. * Working with relational trauma and feeling uncertain about trauma-related decision-making are distressing, but little is known about the lived experiences of professionals required to detect and respond to parent-infant trauma when lacking specialist knowledge. What this paper adds * We interviewed nurses i) before and ii) after they received specialist training in early relational trauma, to understand their lived experiences in encountering possible trauma and their perceived changes to professional confidence and competence post-training. * We found that nurses who coped well when working with trauma maintained a level of emotional distance and drew on a repertoire of well-established practice skills. * The specialist workforce training described here resulted in clear gains in nurses' confidence and skills for identifying and responding to early relational trauma, and we interpret findings with reference to recommendations for broader workforce training and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]