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The abbreviation ARCS in the ARCS motivational model comprises the first letters of four English words: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. The ARCS motivation model is based on a systematic and easy-to-operate motivation theory. Many research studies have verified the applicability and effectiveness of the ARCS model in education worldwide. The proposed optimized ARCS motivation model takes the traditional ARCS motivation model and systematically optimizes it to make it suitable for the coding of data from videos of music classes. The case analysis method selected 14 high-quality music lessons as the research object. The optimized ARCS model involves text conversion, coding, and statistical analysis of the transcripts of videos of high-quality music classes. The data analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of students' emotional and behavioral motivation incentive strategies in each section of the ARCS motivation model in combination with specific high-quality case lesson fragments. This paper summarizes ways and means of using a motivational approach in the teaching of quality music classes, providing theoretical support for the practice of music teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reviews university-level efforts to improve understanding of anthropogenic global climate change (AGCC) through curricula that enable student scientific inquiry. We examined 152 refereed publications and proceedings from academic conferences and selected 26 cases of inquiry learning that overcome specific challenges to AGCC teaching. This review identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of each of these case studies. It is the first to go beyond examining the impact of specific inquiry instructional approaches to offer a synthesis of cases. We find that inquiry teaching can succeed by concretising scientific processes, providing access to global data and evidence, imparting critical and higher order thinking about AGCC science/policy and contextualising learning with places and scientific facts. We recommend educational researchers and scientists collaborate to create and refine curricula that utilise geospatial technologies, climate models and communication technologies to bring students into contact with scientists, climate data and authentic AGCC research processes. Many available science education technologies and curricula also require further research to maximise trade-offs between implementation and training costs and their educational value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we argue for a more systematic approach for studying the relationship between classroom practices and scientific practices-an approach that will likely better support the systemic reforms being promoted in the Next Generation Science Standards in the USA and similar efforts in other countries. One component of that approach is looking at how the nature of the activity structure may influence the relative alignment between classroom and scientific practices. To that end, we build on previously published research related to the practices utilized by five high-school chemistry teachers as they enacted problem-solving activities in which students were likely to generate proposals that were not aligned with normative scientific understandings. In that prior work, our analysis had emphasized micro-level features of the talk interactions and how they related to the way students' ideas were explored; in the current paper, the analysis zooms out to consider the macro-level nature of the enactments associated with the activity structure of each lesson examined. Our data show that there were two general patterns to the activity structure across the 14 lessons scrutinized, and that each pattern had associated with it a constellation of features that impinged on the way the problem space was navigated. A key finding is that both activity structures (the expansive and the open) had features that aligned with scientific practices espoused in the Next Generation Science Standards-and both had features that were not aligned with those practices. We discuss the nature of these two structures, evidence of the relationship of each structure to key features of how the lessons unfolded, and the implications of these findings for both future research and the training of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questioning is a critical instructional strategy for teachers to support students' knowledge construction in inquiry-oriented science teaching. Existing literature has delineated the characteristics and functions of effective questioning strategies. However, attention has been primarily cast on the format of questioning like open-ended questions in prompting student interactions or class discourses, but not much on science content embedded in questions and how they guide students toward learning objectives. Insufficient attention has been cast on the connection between a chain of questions used by a teacher in the attempt to scaffold student conceptual understanding, especially when students encounter difficulties. Furthermore, existing methods of question analysis from massive information of class discourses are unwieldy for large-scale analysis. Science teacher education needs an instrument to assess a large sample of Pre-service Teachers' (PST) competencies of not only asking open-ended questions to solicit students' thoughts but also analyzing the information collected from students' responses and determining the logical of consecutive responses. This study presented such an instrument for analyzing patterns of 60 PST's questioning chains from when they taught a science lesson during a methods course and another lesson during student teaching. Cohen's Kappa was conducted to examine the inter-rater reliability of the coders. The PST's orientations from the two videos were determined and the correlation between them was compared to test the validity of this instrument. Consideration of the data from this instrument identified patterns of the PSTs' science teaching, discussed the importance of guiding questions in inquiry teaching, and suggested quantitative studies with this instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a professional development (PD) programme design integrating just-in-time learning (JITL) to support teachers to learn about and enact inquiry teaching. Through JITL, teachers are provided with support that is responsive and applicable to their needs. This case study reports on the professional journeys of three teachers who received JITL via online resources, face-to-face meetings, opportunities for community building within and across schools, and reflections on pupils' reactions to learning mathematics through inquiry. Findings indicate that JITL embedded within PD facilitated teacher learning about inquiry enactment, since the PD was responsive to teachers' immediate and contextual needs. We suggest that explicit attention to JITL is given in the design of teacher PD, providing support that is made readily available for teachers to access and utilise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has two purposes: the first is to explore experienced science teachers' perspectives on inquiry teaching, and the second is to categorize these perspectives into patterns. Fifteen junior high school science teachers experienced at inquiry teaching were selected, and a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect the teachers' perspectives on inquiry and inquiry teaching. The findings indicate that these experienced science teachers hold multiple perspectives on inquiry and inquiry teaching. The two patterns generated from these teachers' perspectives of inquiry and inquiry teaching were systematic-based inquiry instruction and learning-based inquiry instructions. Suggestions for science teacher educators are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of high-level engineering and technical personnel is mainly undertaken by the higher education institutions. The setting of curriculum system and the application of advanced teaching methods are two indispensable factors for cultivating high-quality talents. The curriculum system of current IoT major continues the inheritance of computer science development while lacks combination with the leading edge. Traditional teaching mode mainly focuses on increasing the knowledge amount of students, in this way it hinders the development of students' creativity. This paper absorbs the advanced experience of the IoT major curriculum settings in European and American engineering universities and builds up an IoT major curriculum system in combination with the reality of Chinese universities. Inspired by the teaching mode of the University of Missouri, Kansas City, a problem-based learning model based on engineering thinking training was proposed for the teaching model constructing, teaching system design and comprehensive teaching evaluation system building to validate the teaching effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commitments to inquiry and to laboratory investigation have become hallmarks of science education around the world. South Africa has also moved towards inquiry learning in secondary school science. This is attested to by its new science curriculum which advocates the promotion of both inquiry learning and teaching. This paper discusses the adaptation and validation of a research instrument, on understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI) based on data collected from South African Grade 11 learners. The Learners' Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (LUSSI) instrument blends Likert-type items and related open-ended questions to assess learners' understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry. The combined quantitative and qualitative methods enhance both the sensitivity and confidence with which the variety of learners' NOSI views can be detected. Correlation analysis revealed that five of the six NOSI aspects correlate substantially with the total sum of all the constructs. The results also show that learners demonstrated the most confusions and misunderstandings in the laws versus theories aspect of the NOSI. A substantial number of learners (52%) demonstrated transitional views that were a combination of both naïve and informed understandings in the other five NOSI aspects. Evidence-based insight into the validation of the LUSSI is significant in that it invites further thought about how NOSI views can be measured with larger sample sizes. It also provides insight into the complexity and challenges involved in measuring and interpreting learner NOSI views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors designed and led an 8-day limnology practicum conducted on the R/V Lake Guardian that focused on classical and emerging technologies in a series of four inter-dependent teaching modules. The practicum was tied together by a general research question (Are spatial patterns of Lake Ontario productivity a function of distance from the shoreline?), and a guided inquiry approach was used to help students frame testable hypotheses to address this question. Students collected a research-quality data set while participating in the practicum's teaching models, and subsequent to the cruise presented their results as oral papers at research conferences and as research papers. The design of this practicum may provide a useful model for other educators who wish to train the next generation of Great Lakes limnologists by conducting courses on a research vessel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an inclusive didactic proposal in Natural Sciences, based on inquiry teaching. The proposal, designed with the appropriate adaptations to meet each special case, was implemented in a third grade class with 26 children, 5 of them with special educational needs. The results show the feasibility and benefits for all of using inquiry teaching: all children, including those with special needs, succeed in the objectives proposed. Also, the students developed a high degree of motivation and commitment, although some difficulties arose related with group work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Life & School: a Magazine for the Theory and Practice of Education / Život i škola : časopis za teoriju i praksu odgoja i obrazovanja is the property of Zivot i Skola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accordingly, the practical teaching of the remote sensing principles courses should also keep pace with the times and be adjusted and the reformed. To cultivate the creative thinking of students, exercise their practical ability, and improve the effect of teaching, based on the characteristics of remote sensing principles courses, this paper fused inquiry teaching to the practical teaching of remote sensing courses. Particularly, a new practical teaching mode was constructed based on exploration of the practical teaching content and the optimization of teaching cases, which structured around "three orientations","three levels" and "seven modules" models. This practical teaching mode introduces the detailed teaching content of the inquiry practical teaching model, classroom organization methods, and student assessment strategies. The new mode thereby can stimulate students ? learning interest in remote sensing principles and a preferable teaching result was attained with significant improvement on students' practical manipulative and scientific research innovation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' questions in the inquiry classroom not only explore and make student thinking explicit in the class but also serve to guide and scaffold it. Several studies analysing teachers' questions and their categories have been reported; however the need for a fine-grained analysis has been felt, especially in the inquiry setting. This study attempts a fine-grained analysis of the rich variety of teachers' questions and their roles in an inquiry science classroom, which are illustrated with vignettes from our classes. We present a sequential typology of teachers' questions that emerged from this empirical study, one that brings out their progression in an inquiry class. We juxtapose them with the ones asked during traditional teaching. We also examine, through teachers' self-reports, their motivations for questioning. This work leads towards a characterisation of the complex process of teaching science as an inquiry that teachers interested in moving towards more constructivist teaching practices in their classrooms may find helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Education is the property of Hacettepe University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Biomind program is a pilot project in Israeli high schools in which eleventh- and twelfth-grade biology students are trained to conduct an open inquiry. This paper describes a follow-up study of Israeli high school teachers who implemented this challenging and open-inquiry curriculum. During this follow-up, several participating teachers conducted authentic open inquiry, formulated several logically related questions, wrote a proposal, and conducted an experiment. The difficulties that the teachers encountered during their inquiry process were similar to those that their students encountered in conducting an open inquiry. These difficulties served as a basis for the design and implementation of workshops in which the participating teachers suggested techniques to help students successfully conducting an open inquiry. In addition, the results indicated that the workshops improved both teachers' understanding of the essence of the open inquiry process and teachers 'pedagogical knowledge in teaching an open inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of the metacognitive instruction in which students' epistemic cognitions were explicitly addressed, on tenth-grade students' conceptual understandings regarding force and motion. The participants of the study included 107 (49 female, 58 male) tenth-grade students at two public high schools. A quasi-experimental design was employed. Two intact classes of each school were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Force and Motion Conceptual Tests I and II were administered to assess the students' conceptual understandings in force and motion. A survey was applied to probe the students' prior epistemic cognitions in physics. The results of the study revealed that the metacognitive instruction was more effective than the expository teaching in terms of promoting students' conceptual understandings. A statistically significant interaction between the treatment and the students' prior epistemic cognitions was also observed. The students with higher pre-epistemic cognitions got higher conceptual scores in the experimental group whereas the conceptual development of the control group students was independent of their pre-epistemic cognitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only about half of Americans are convinced that human activity is the major cause of climate change. This statistic highlights the increased need for highquality climate science education but also highlights the fact that lessons on this subject are often complicated as denial argumentation abounds in classrooms. In order to achieve greater efficacy of and receptivity to climate science instruction, I propose the inclusion of lessons on the nature of science and the reframing of lessons in terms of risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science teacher educators use examples of practice to support teacher candidates ( TCs) learning to engage in new forms of science teaching. However, interpretation of these examples assumes a level of expertise about practice TCs lack. This article describes a study designed to determine some of the differences between expert teachers' and TCs' professional pedagogical vision for science teaching. Specifically, the study examines what each group attends to (highlights) in examples of science teaching and how they interpret the events they attend to (codes). Both groups were asked to analyze video of classroom science teaching. Differences were found between TCs and expert teachers in terms of both highlighting and coding of science teaching practice. Four key areas of difference are described in detail: actor focus, questions, grain size, and enactment. The implications for science teacher education are discussed, in particular a set of tools and teacher education practices to support acculturating TCs into more a sophisticated professional pedagogical vision for science teaching. This article features a . Please click on the supporting information link below to access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning science through the process of inquiry is advocated in curriculum documents across many jurisdictions. However, a number of studies suggest that teachers struggle to help students engage in inquiry practices. This is not surprising as many teachers of science have not engaged in scientific inquiry and possibly hold naïve ideas about what constitutes scientific inquiry. This study investigates teachers' self-reported approaches to teaching science through inquiry. Phenomenographic interviews undertaken with 20 elementary teachers revealed teachers identified six approaches to teaching for inquiry, clustered within three categories. These approaches were categorized as Free and Illustrated Inquiries as part of an Experience-centered category, Solution and Method Inquiries as part of a Problem-centered category, and Topic and Chaperoned Inquiries as part of a Question-centered category. This study contributes to our theoretical understanding of how teachers approach Inquiry Teaching and suggests fertile areas of future research into this valued and influential phenomenon broadly known as ‘Inquiry Teaching'. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In inquiry-based science education, there have been gradual shifts in research interests: the nature of scientific method, the debates on the effects of inquiry learning, and, recently, inquiry teaching. However, many in-service programs for inquiry teaching have reported inconsistent results due to the static view of classroom inquiries and due to the partial perspective between individual and collaborative reflections. Thus, by means of a theoretical progress model of collaborative reflection, this qualitative research aims to investigate reflections of four participant teachers before and during a half-year in-service teacher program. The model captures the following four interactions for each individual teacher and among the teacher cohort: belief to practice, practice to belief, stimulation, and reinforcement. The audio-video data and their quantification allowed identification of the teachers' consistent prior beliefs and practices as a multiplicity of inquiry teaching and their interwoven progress during the program. The findings are further discussed in terms of the implicit development and the richer repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using socio-ecological theory, this study explores best practice (educational practices correlated with higher student performance) in middle-school science. Seven schools with consistently higher student performance were compared with three demographically similar, average-performing schools. Best practice included instructional approaches (relevance and engagement, inquiry, differentiated instruction, collaborative work, moderate amounts of homework, and integration of language literacy and science) and administrative practices (nurturing a climate of opportunity to succeed in science, offering professional development based on data and dialogue, engaging teachers in standards-based curriculum revision and alignment, and recruiting the right fit of teacher). It is argued that best practice entails multiple levels of teaching and administrative praxis that together form a school-wide socio-ecological system conducive to higher performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher practices are essential for supporting learners in scientific inquiry practices of framing research questions, designing and conducting investigations, collecting data, and drawing conclusions. This study examines instructional practices of two Grade 11 Physical Science teachers engaged in teaching practical investigations. Data were collected from video recordings of teachers' enactment of pre-laboratory, laboratory and post-laboratory practical investigation lessons. Other data sources included video-based classroom observations, teacher and learner interviews, and artefacts, such as teacher handouts, supplemental materials and learner work. The results suggest that when teachers introduce practical investigations, they vary in the practices they engage in as well as the quality of their use of these practices. Implications for teacher practices of scientific inquiry are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine Turkish elementary school students' level of success on science process skills and science attitudes and if there were statistically significant differences in their success degree and science attitudes depending to their grade level and teaching method. The total 241 students comprised of 122 males, 119 females. For this purpose, a pretest-post test control group and experimental group design was used. The data were collected through using Basic Science Process Skill Test and Integrated Science Process Skill Test and Science Attitude Scale. Study was conducted during the two semesters. Results of the study showed that use of inquiry based teaching methods significantly enhances students' science process skills and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author describes a professional development model for high school science teachers based on the framework of inquiry and science standards. The 'Learn-Teach- Assess Inquiry' model focuses on guided inquiry labs as the central theme and builds on these labs to reinforce science concepts and abilities to understand and engage in inquiry in accordance with national/ state science standards. A professional development model for high school science teachers based on the framework of inquiry and National Science Education Standards has been developed and field tested for three years. This model requires intensive involvement of teachers and project personnel in workshops, material development, and round-the- year follow-up school visits for a three-year cycle. The professional development improves the ability of teachers to do and understand inquiry. Consequently, teachers organize more guided inquiry labs and postlab discussion and motivate students to ask more questions in their classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the differential impacts of an inquiry-based instruction on conceptual changes across levels of prior knowledge and reading ability. The instrument emphasized four simultaneously important components: conceptual knowledge, reading ability, attitude toward science, and learning environment. Although the learning patterns and effect size analyses indicated that students from all subgroups demonstrated substantial gains on weather concepts, students from the low prior conceptual knowledge group demonstrated greater gains in conceptual knowledge than subgroups with more prior knowledge; and these gains remained stable 3 weeks after the instruction ceased. However, students from the low language proficiency group showed the least gains in conceptual knowledge. Students’ prior knowledge and reading ability were found to be positively and significantly associated to conceptual development. Recent perspectives on the role of language in science education and suggestions that support learning during instruction are briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Video Study explored instructional practices in the United States (US) in comparison with other countries that ranked higher on the 1999 TIMSS assessment, and revealed that 8th grade science teachers in the US emphasize activities over content during lessons (Roth et al. ). This study applies the content framework from the TIMSS Video Study to a sample of 28 3rd grade teachers enacting an inquiry-based unit on floating and sinking, and seeks a deeper understanding of teachers’ practices through analysis of interviews with those teachers. Transcripts of observed lessons were coded according to the TIMSS framework for types of content, and transcripts of teacher interviews were coded to capture the ways in which teachers described their role in and purposes for teaching science, particularly with respect to the floating and sinking unit. Results indicate that teachers focused more on canonical, procedural and experimental knowledge during lessons than on real-world connections and the nature of science; however, none of the types of content received major emphasis in a majority of the classrooms in the sample. During interviews, teachers described their practice in ways that prioritized helping students to like science over specific content outcomes. The study suggests that elementary school teachers’ emphasis on doing and feeling during inquiry-based lessons may interfere with teaching of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey instrument was developed and administered to 1,222 K-12 mathematics and science teachers to measure their beliefs about and use of inquiry in the classroom. Four variables (grade level taught, content area taught, level of support received, and self-efficacy for teaching inquiry) were significantly correlated to two dependent variables, percentage of time that students are engaged in inquiry during a typical lesson and the perceived ideal percentage of instructional time that should be devoted to inquiry. Specifically, elementary school teachers reported using inquiry-based practices more than either middle-school or high-school teachers; similarly, elementary-school teachers believed such practices should be used more often. All groups, however, reported believing in an ideal percentage of time devoted to inquiry instruction that was significantly greater than their reported percentage of time actually spent on inquiry instruction. A disordinal effect was found between grade level taught and content area taught; at the elementary level, science teachers reported both an ideal and actual percentage of time on inquiry higher than those reported by the math teachers, while at the high school level math teachers reported both an ideal and actual percentage of time on inquiry higher than those reported by the science teachers. No correlations were found between typical and ideal percentage of time devoted to inquiry and subject matter content knowledge training, gender, years of teaching experience, or maximum degree earned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how preservice teachers grew in their understanding of inquiry science through conducting an in-depth individual inquiry investigation in their science methods course. Elementary preservice teachers’ understanding about inquiry investigations, their attitudes towards the assignment, and their views towards using individual inquiry investigations in their own classrooms were studied through written reflections, science notebook writings, and researcher field notes. After conducting an out-of-class inquiry investigation based on their own questions and design, the preservice teachers demonstrated a variety of strengths in their understandings of inquiry-based teaching, their attitudes towards doing science, and their projected use of inquiry in their own classrooms. Weak areas included forming researchable questions and superficial experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major trend in science education reform is an emphasis toward inquiry-based learning over transmission-based instruction. The effort to reform science teaching is not a simple effort however. Teacher beliefs have been demonstrated to have a strong influence on teacher practice. Current methods to describe teacher beliefs are often interpretative. We describe the development of an instrument that captures qualitative and quantitative information regarding teachers' beliefs inquiry teaching. The instrument provides data that can be tracked over time to measure changing beliefs, a necessary precondition for changing practice. Change in belief can be monitored for individuals or for groups of subjects. We discuss several types of studies that can be accomplished using the Inquiry Teaching Belief (ITB) instrument. We also discuss several ways to analyze the data from this instrument. The instrument may be combined with observation protocols to elucidate barriers to changing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]